Issue 1

▪ Keyword : sarcopenia, consensus, nutrition, exercise, prescriptions

▪ Content : Sarcopenia, characterized by an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength/function, is associated with multiple adverse clinical outcomes. Dietary nutrition and exercise interventions are effective ways to prevent and improve sarcopenia. Therefore, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Elderly Nutrition and Health Quality Control Center, together with the Geriatric Nutrition Branch of China Nutrition Society convened experts from nutrition, geriatrics, sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and general practice medicine to jointly set up a working group to supplement and revise the 2015 edition of China Expert Consensus on Nutrition and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia based on evidence-based medicine evidence i...

▪ Keyword : cancer, PG-SGA, undernutrition, survival, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Undernutrition is prevalent among patients with cancer and may be associated with survival. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely recognised scale for the nutritional assessment of patients with cancer. The relationship between undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, and cancer prognosis has been somewhat controversial, and this meta-analysis sought to clarify this. This meta-analysis was performed to elucidate the association between undernutrition, as defined by the PG-SGA, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer. Methods and Study Design: Studies that investigated the association between undernutrition, defined by the PG-SGA, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer were included, and data were retrieved from...

▪ Keyword : attendance, sarcopenic obesity, physical activity, nutrition, interventions

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The global rise in sarcopenic obesity necessitates identifying key adherence determinants in nutritional and exercise interventions to optimize outcomes. This systematic review identifies characteristics affecting adherence and dropout in these interventions. Methods and Study Design: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through January 2025, including reference lists. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, we assessed RCTs on nutritional/exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity. High heterogeneity and insufficient adherence reporting precluded meta-analysis for adherence; outcomes were narratively synthesized. For dropout rates, meta-analysis was conducted, including subgroup analyses (exercise, nutrition, multi-component) an...

▪ Keyword : critical illness, malnutrition, nutritional risk screening, systemic inflammation, inflammatory markers

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Critical illness often leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. This catabolic condition significantly affects nutrition, causing muscle loss, weakness, and an increased risk of malnutrition, which complicates recovery. Traditional nutritional assessment tools often face limitations in critically ill patients. Systemic inflammation may improve the accuracy of nutritional risk screening. Methods and Study Design: Data from the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of inflammatory markers combined with the mNUTRIC score. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models to evaluate the association between these markers and patient mortality at 30-day, 60-d...

▪ Keyword : fat soluble vitamins, nutrition education, multivitamin supplements, randomized controlled trial, vitamin deficiency

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin deficiencies are closely associated with the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, effective and safe intervention strategies are critical to improving vitamin nutritional status. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and differential impacts of nutrition education and multivitamin supplementation, providing a basis for selecting safer intervention strategies. Methods and Study Design: A 4-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 155 adults (aged 18–65 years) with confirmed deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, or E). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either nutrition education with a multivitamin supplement or nutrition education with placebo. The concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, ...

▪ Keyword : serum albumin, hypertension, body mass index, C-reactive protein, extracellular fluid

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The relationship between serum albumin and hypertension has attracted much attention. We sought to further validate these findings and explore the underlying mediators. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2004), including 19,507 participants. Multivariable weighted logistic were employed to investigate the association of serum albumin with hypertension. The potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and extracellular fluid (ECF) was explored. Secondary analyses included subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS).

▪ Keyword : esophageal cancer, Mendelian randomization, immune cells, plasma metabolites, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Metabolites, as key mediators of nutrition–immune interactions, have attracted increasing interest in cancer research. However, the causal relationships between immune cells, plasma metabolites, and esophageal cancer, and their potential for guiding nutritional interventions remain unclear. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the inverse-variance weighted method to evaluate the causal effects of immune cells and plasma metabolites on esophageal cancer. We explored potential intermediary pathways by investigating associations between immune cell traits and plasma metabolites relevant to esophageal cancer risk. To test the robustness of our findings, we also carried out sensitivity analyses.

▪ Keyword : multi-omics, machine learning, SHAP, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glutamine metabolism

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition globally, with an escalating incidence and a strong association with various metabolic disorders, thus presenting a significant public health challenge. Currently, there is a scarcity of effective preventive or therapeutic methods for NAFLD. This study used multi-omics, machine learning (ML), and SHAP comprehensive analysis to explore NAFLD-related metabolites and genes, hoping to provide new insights. Methods and Study Design: We initially conducted MR analysis on 1,400 serum metabolites and two NAFLD datasets, identifying glutamine as causally linked to NAFLD. In single-cell RNA sequencing, hepatocytes were categorized into high-synthesis and low-synthesis glutamine groups for cell co...

▪ Keyword : tuberculosis, hypertension, prevalence, risk factor, double burden

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with a number of non-communicable diseases including hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension in TB patients and investigate its associated risk factors. Methods and Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Qingdao, China (2011–2019). Data on demographics, medical history, and lifestyle were collected via questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured at admission. Logistic regression identified hypertension risk factors.

▪ Keyword : cardiovascular disease, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, decomposition analysis, Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort modeling

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the trends in death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with unbalanced dietary fatty acid intake in China from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the disease burden levels up to 2050. Methods and Study Design: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we examined death and DALYs rates by age, sex, and risk factors. Joinpoint regression assessed temporal trends. Decomposition analysis evaluated contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological transitions. Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling estimated cohort and period effects. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) modeling projected future CVD burden.

▪ Keyword : dietary inflammation index, Chinese healthy eating index, abdominal obesity, kidney transplant recipient, mortality

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study investigated associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Chinese Healthy Diet Index (CHEI) with abdominal obesity in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), with follow-up analyses further assessing the DII and mortality relationship. Methods and Study Design: We collected anthropometric and biochemical data; dietary consumption was evaluated using 3-day and 24-hour dietary records, with food quality assessed through energy-adjusted DII(E-DII) and CHEI. Binary logistic regression examined the association between E-DII, CHEI, and abdominal obesity in KTRs. The nonlinear connection between E-DII, CHEI, and abdominal obesity was studied using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to examine the sur...

▪ Keyword : vitamin D insufficiency, quality of life, health belief, metabolic syndrome, public health

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The impact of Vitamin D on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health beliefs in specific populations, such as Taiwanese adults, remains underexplored. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) are prevalent global health concerns. However, the association between VDI and MetS is still inconclusive, particularly in relation to HRQoL within the framework of the health belief model (HBM). This study aimed to investigate the associations among VDI, HBM constructs, HRQoL, and MetS in a community-based population of Taiwanese adults. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study recruited 1015 Taiwanese patients aged ≥30 years between August 2020 and July 2023. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables, and vitamin D concent...

▪ Keyword : long-term vegetarians, vitamin B12, vitamin D, duration, subtypes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate vitamin B12 and D levels among long-term vegetarians and to assess the influence of their diet duration and diet subtypes on nutritional status in Beijing, China. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 104 vegetarians (84 vegans, 20 lacto-ovo vegetarians). Serum vitamin B12 and D levels were measured, and demographic, dietary, and supplement use data were collected. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regressions.

▪ Keyword : geriatric, malnutrition, chronic heart failure, machine learning, risk stratification

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition among older hospitalized adults with chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, yet reliable early risk stratification tools remain lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model for malnutrition risk stratification in this population. Methods and Study Design: Malnutrition among older hospitalized adults with chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, yet reliable early risk stratification tools remain lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model for malnutrition risk stratification in this population.

▪ Keyword : preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), protein intake, cohort, FFQ

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The distribution of dietary macronutrients is essential for blood glucose management in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the relationship between dietary protein intake and the risk of preterm birth remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the prospective association between dietary protein intake and preterm birth in patients with GDM. Methods and Study Design: We included 1756 GDM patients and assessed dietary protein patterns by constructing total protein index (TPI), animal protein index (API), and plant protein index (PPI) using data collected from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). R

▪ Keyword : fat overload syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, pediatrics, intravenous fat emulsions, parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Fat overload syndrome is a rare but serious complication associated with intravenous lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition. Timely identification of causes, recognition of symptoms, close monitoring of complications, and appropriate management are vital for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence. This case series reviews etiologies, complications, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients who developed fat overload syndrome as well as those identified to be at risk of this condition. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed over a five-year period at a tertiary care hospital, including 11 pediatric patients who received lipid emulsions at infusion rates exceeding the recommended limit. Data on patient demographics, lip...

▪ Keyword : sex hormone, obesity, selenium intake, moderating effect, NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of selenium intake on the correlation between obesity and sex hormone levels in children and adolescents. Methods and Study Design: Children and adolescents (6-19-year-old) with complete body mass index (BMI), selenium intake, and sex hormone level data were included. Applying weighted linear regression model to analyze the relationships of obesity and selenium intake with testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Then, interaction terms for different selenium intake levels (<Q1, ≥Q1) and obesity (no, yes) were constructed, to investigate the moderating effect of selenium intake on the correlation between obesity and sex hormones.