Online First

▪ Keyword : highland barley, multigrain rice, glycemic index, postprandial glucose, appetite

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consuming refined white rice, a staple food in most Asian countries, reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes. However, cereal grains with low glycemic indices may reduce the postprandial glycemic response. We developed a highland barley-multigrain rice by combining traditional Chinese grains including, highland barley, brown rice, oats, corn grit, and buckwheat. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic impact, sensory attributes, and appetite response of our highland barley-multigrain rice compared to white rice. Methods and Study Design: In this randomized crossover trial, ten healthy participants consumed highland barley-multigrain rice, white rice, and glucose, each containing 50 g of available carbohydrat...

▪ Keyword : iron, zinc, preterm, interaction, pregnancy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary iron and zinc intake on the risk of preterm labor before and during different trimesters, and to assess whether there is an interaction between iron and zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor. Methods and Study Design: The study was a nested case-control study of 880 cases and 8017 controls in Lanzhou City, northwest China. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between dietary iron/zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor and its clinical subtypes. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling was used to explore the non-linear relationship between dietary iron/zinc intake levels and the risk of preterm birth.

▪ Keyword : cognitive decline, dietary pattern, dementia, principal component analysis, aging

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among older adults with lower educational backgrounds living in China. Methods and Study Design: We analyzed data from the 2018 Health Survey of individuals aged over 50 in Chengyang, Qingdao, China. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the behaviors and lifestyles of the elderly. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to evaluate cognition, with a total score of less than 19 indicating cognitive impairment for participants with low educational attainment. Using Principal Component Analysis, we identified three dietary patterns: Shellfish, Fruit, and Red Meat. Cross-sectional data regarding dietary intake, cognition, and demographic...

▪ Keyword : dietary factors, telomere length, Mendelian randomization, causal relationship, healthy diet reference

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Healthy diets is crucial in disease prevention and balanced diets slow telomere shortening. Currently, it is still unclear which dietary factors are causally related to telomere length. Methods and Study Design: The inverse variance weighted, Mendelian Randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used. Additionally, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out tests were conducted to ensure accuracy. Outcomes included granulocyte, lymphocyte, naive T-cell, memory T-cell, B-cell, and natural killer-cell telomere lengths. Exposures included alcohol intake frequency, alcoholic drinks per week, average weekly beer plus cider intake, average weekly red wine intake, intake of beef, bread, cereal, coffee, cooked veget...

▪ Keyword : developmental disabilities, feeding problems, STEP, psychometric properties, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Children with developmental disabilities commonly experience feeding problems; however, tools to assess the nature and extent of these difficulties are not available in Arabic. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the Screening Tool for Feeding Problems and evaluate its factorial structure in children with developmental disabilities. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 167 children with developmental disabilities, recruited from nine disability centers and schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

▪ Keyword : COPD, micronutrients, vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin deficiency

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by malnutrition, a catabolic process, and chronic inflammation; thus, vitamin deficiency may occur frequently. We aimed to evaluate the levels of micronutrients in stable COPD patients. Methods and Study Design: There were 168 COPD patients from six pulmonology departments, with 36 healthy controls. The patients also performed pulmonary function tests and filled out the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Serum vitamin B-12 and folate levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method.

▪ Keyword : Chinese Healthy Eating Index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dietary quality, FFQ, Disease severity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary nutrition plays an essential role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to use Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) to evaluate dietary quality in COPD patients and investigate the relationship between dietary quality and COPD disease severity. Methods and Study Design: A total of 525 COPD inpatients were collected from December 1st, 2022, to December 1st, 2023. The dietary intake was collected through food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed by the CHEI.

▪ Keyword : dyslipidemia, dietary inflammatory index, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The presence and accumulation of inflammation may exacerbate the development of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between blood inflammatory markers and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in American adults as well as their association with dyslipidemia. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included participants with complete data on lipid levels, dietary intake, and blood inflammatory markers. The associations between dyslipidemia and two sets of exposures—blood inflammatory markers and the DII—were analysed using weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, urticaria, mendelian randomization, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to urticaria, but causality remains uncertain. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal effects of vitamin D and its metabolites on urticaria risk. Methods and Study Design: Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (n=120,618), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] (n=40,562), and C3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3] (n=40,562) in Europeans were used, along with data on urticaria and its subtypes from FinnGen consortium (R10 release).

▪ Keyword : antioxidants, Asian traditional nutraceutical, gene expression, oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes mellitus

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complications. This review will explore traditional nutraceuticals with antidiabetic properties with a focus on Asian traditional nutraceuticals and their antioxidant effects on gene expression associated to T2DM. Methods and Study Design: Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct using the keywords “nutraceutical”, “antidiabetic”, "insulin resistance", "Diabetes Mellitus", "herbal medicine", “mechanism”, “pathway”, "traditional food", "functional food", “antioxidant”, “clinical”, “preclinical”, "animal studies", and “Asian” com...

▪ Keyword : stunting, fortified tempeh, pregnancy, maternal nutrition, local nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Stunting is a global health challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, where its prevalence reached 21.6% in 2022. This condition stems from malnutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate care during the first 1,000 days of life. Maternal nutrition is critical for fetal growth, as deficiencies can lead to low birth weight and short birth length, increasing the risk of stunting. This study evaluates the potential of fortified tempeh as a nutritional intervention to improve birth outcomes. Methods and Study Design: A quasi-experimental study with a quantitative approach was conducted to compare the effects of regular and fortified tempeh on BW and BL among pregnant women in Kuningan Regency. Participants were divided into two groups: one...

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes, glycemic variability, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, Fenuflakes

▪ Content : ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Evidence suggests that bioactive components present in plant foods have beneficial effects. Fenugreek is commonly used in Indian culinary practices and can help to keep blood sugar levels under control. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of defatted fenugreek seed flakes FenuflakesTM on the 24-hour glycaemic response (Incremental Area Under the Curve, iAUC), variability (Mean Amplitude of Glycaemic Excursion assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring system) in participants with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Study Design: Twenty-one type 2 diabetes participants, aged 42 to 50 years, were provided with 5-day cyclic iso-caloric diets for 14 days without (control diet) and with 30 g of FenuflakesTM (test diet) in a randomized crosso...

▪ Keyword : vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid, latent tuberculosis infection, adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat worldwide, but most of the presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and some of them will progress to active tuberculosis. Vitamin B-12 is crucial to maintain immune function, and play a role in the metabolism of MTB, while few studies investigated the impact of vitamin B-12 deficiency on tuberculosis. Therefore, we carried out the study to explore the association between vitamin B-12 deficiency and LTBI using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using data from NHANES 2011-2012. Adults (aged ≥18 years) who had avai...

▪ Keyword : Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), 24-hour dietary recall survey (24hDR), usual intake, dynamic programming, validity test

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To establish a new method for developing an efficient and region-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), and to make it a simple, effective and widely applicable measurement tool, this study takes Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as a case study. Methods and Study Design: For 129 common food items, an initial food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall survey (24hDR) are constructed, and a variety of methods are combined to improve the convenience and credibility of the questionnaire itself in the inspection process, and the reliability and validity test are carried out.

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic foot ulcers, micronutrient status, vitamins, micronutrients

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Micronutrient status encompasses a range of indicators that reflect the levels and balance of macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins within the body. These essential substances, required in minimal amounts, are crucial for supporting normal physiological processes, immune system functioning, and tissue repair. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize data on the deficiency or excess of microelements, macroelements, and vitamins in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods and Study Design: Databases were searched for studies on vitamin, macronutrient, micronutrient levels and their impact on the course, treatment and healing of diabetic foot ulcers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was employed for assessing randomized trials, while the Newca...

▪ Keyword : dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota and liver are closely linked, and disruption of the gut–liver axis has been associated with various conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM), a recently developed measure of gut microbiota variety, has not been researched in connection with NAFLD. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 12,910 eligible participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018 by adjusting for covariates. Dietary recall data were used to calculate the DI-GM (including components beneficial and unfavorable to gut microbiota). Multiple logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used.

▪ Keyword : FSMP, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, cancer patient, RCT

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cancer patients at nutritional risk have a worse prognosis, but this can be improved by nutritional support. Food for special medical purposes (FSMP), as a new form of nutritional support, needs to be further evaluated for its safety and efficacy in these patients. Our study elucidate the impact of FSMP on nutritional status and sarcopenia among nutritional risk cancer outpatients by assessing the NRS2002 score, exercise performance, muscle mass, and inflammatory factors pre- and postintervention. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled interventional study. Patients from the oncology Clinic with nutritional risk were randomly allocated to the control group or the FSMP group and received oral intervention f...

▪ Keyword : early enteral nutrition, late enteral nutrition, surgical intensive care unit, nutritional status, clinical outcomes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of early enteral nutrition (within 48 h) and late enteral nutrition (after 48 h; control) in improving the nutritional status of surgical intensive care unit patients. Methods and Study Design: This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data from 82 patients (age > 18 years) who were admitted to surgical intensive care units between June and November 2019. Patients who received enteral nutrition for >7 days were included in this study, and those who received total parenteral nutrition or palliative care were excluded.

▪ Keyword : multivitamin-mineral supplementation, acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURIs), period prevalence, severity, real-world study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections (AURIs) are limited in Chinese populations. This study evaluated the impact of routine MVM use on AURI prevalence and symptom severity in a community-based Chinese cohort. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted among community-based populations across China (n=3,415). Using a structured questionnaire, participants self-reported episodes of AURIs over three months. Based on regular use of MVM for at least 3 months, eligible participants were categorized into the MVM group and the control group. The impact of MVM on the frequency and severity of AURIs was assessed. Rigorous methodological approaches wer...

▪ Keyword : hypertension, fatty diets, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), unsaturated fats

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with dietary fats playing a critical role in its regulation. While unsaturated fats are associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction, saturated and trans fats may exacerbate hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of various fatty diets on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and identify dietary patterns most effective for BP management. Methods and Study Design: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception to February 2025) identified randomized clinical trials and observational studies assessing dietary fats' effects on BP. Twenty-five studies (n=14,522 participants) met inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to...

▪ Keyword : critically ill patients, enteral nutrition, feeding intolerance, risk prediction model, systematic evaluation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition (EN). Of these, feeding intolerance (FI) is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or cessation of EN. This study aims to evaluate risk prediction models for feeding intolerance (FI) in critically ill patients receiving EN by searching major public databases. Methods and Study Design: We searched for relevant studies in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and cqvip.com up until January 2024. Two researchers independently conducted the screening and data extraction processes, and the quality of the literature was assessed using bias risk assessment tools.

▪ Keyword : obesity, nutrition therapy, time-restricted eating, weight loss, intermittent fasting

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide. The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet; however, alternative approaches are needed. This study aimed to compare time-restricted eating (TRE), a method that can be easily conveyed and applied in over-coming obesity, to six meals diet. Methods and Study Design: A total of 174 participants aged 18-65, BMI>25 kg/m2 were included, with 88 participants in the time-restricted eating group and 86 participants in the six-meal group. Diet lists with similar calorie, macro counts suitable for their respective groups were prepared. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood tests were analyzed before the study and at the end of the 8-we...

▪ Keyword : Lifestyle modification, silymarin, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, meta-analysis. Mediterranean hypocaloric diet.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of silymarin or its combination with lifestyle modifications, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, and medications for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods and Study Design: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrails.gov were used to identify relevant studies. The treatment arm was silymarin or its combination with Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, or lifestyle modifications. The comparators were placebo, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, and lifestyle modifications.

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, refeeding syndrome (RS), occurrence, risk factors, Malaysia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by significant electrolyte and fluid imbalances, posing a considerable risk in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, risk factors, severity, and complications of RS in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective observational study was conducted using universal sampling from October to December 2023. Data were collected for adult patients receiving PN for more than 48 hours between July 2022 and July 2023 at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz.

▪ Keyword : sleep quality, sleep duration, plant-based diet, cognitive function, the elderly

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the relationship between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in the elderly, addressing the challenges of global aging. Methods and Study Design: Using data from the 2005 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), dietary patterns through a short-form FFQ, and sleep duration and quality via self-report measures. A Cox regression model analyzed the associations between sleep, plant-based diet, and cognitive function, with mediating effect analysis to explore these relationships further.

▪ Keyword : perimenopause, chronic heart failure, nutritional intervention, prognosis prediction, prognostic factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Menopausal women with chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibit unique physiological characteristics and prognostic features. The aim of this study is to analyze the significant predictive factors for the prognosis of chronic heart failure in menopausal women and the impact of different nutritional interventions on prognosis. Methods and Study Design: A total of 270 menopausal women with CHF were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups based on the nutritional intervention received.

▪ Keyword : triglyceride and glucose index, atrial fibrillation, systematic review, exposure-effect, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). As a reliable indicator of IR, the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been extensively studied in relation to AF. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and AF through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and Study Design: We systematically searched studies published up to August 2024 in online databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and the China National Knowledge Internet database. Seventeen studies involving 57,213 patients were included in the analysis. A random-effects model and exposure-effect analysis were used to calculate the pooled effect estimate and compute the linear trend.

▪ Keyword : GLIM criteria, ESPEN criteria, malnutrition, good outcome, nutritionDay

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status of hospitalized Chinese patients according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria and to identify the effects of nutritional characteristics and nutritional support on clinical good outcome. Methods and Study Design: Inpatients participated in Chinese nutritionDay 2010-2020 surveys were included. Malnutrition was defined according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria after being risk evaluated by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Cumulative incidence curves were plotted for 30-day good outcomes in patients according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria.

▪ Keyword : hypertension, riboflavin, MTHFR 677TT genotype, older adults, case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The incidence of hypertension is higher in individuals with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype. Riboflavin serves as a coenzyme of MTHFR, but its role in hypertension prevalence is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between riboflavin levels and hypertension and the impact of genotype on this relationship. Methods and Study Design: The case-control study used data from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition study, with 200 hypertensive patients and 200 matched non-hypertensive controls. It collected questionnaires, clinical data, and measured blood riboflavin levels using the dried blood spot technique.

▪ Keyword : the elderly, Life’s Essential 8, hyperuricemia, RCS, CHNS

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive indicator that evaluates cardiovascular health (CVH). There have been limited studies on the relationship between LE8 and hyperuricemia (HUA). This study explored the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA among elderly people in China. Methods and Study Design: The subjects were the elderly aged 60 and over who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018. The definition of American Heart Association (AHA) was used to measure the score of LE8. Multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA.