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▪ Keyword : sleeve gastrectomy, obesity, weight loss, dietary habits, Saudi Arabia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a commonly utilized surgical procedure for managing weight and patients must adopt healthy lifestyle practices and dietary modifications to sustain weight loss and prevent relapse. This study aims to evaluate the dietary habits, levels of physical activity, and weight outcomes among Saudi women post-gastric sleeve surgery. Methods and Study Design: This study involved 352 female participants aged 20 to 50, who had undergone gastric sleeve surgery. The Bariatric Patients Association, Bariatric World and Patients Forum were also used and contacted via phone.

▪ Keyword : home enteral nutrition, tube feeding, family caregivers, tube feeding management, nutrition follow-up service

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Globally, there is an increasing trend in the number of individuals utilizing home enteral nutrition (HEN). In China, HEN is currently at a nascent stage. We aim to investigate the current situation of home enteral tube feeding (HETF) caregivers to provide more convenient services and assistance to them in China. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a questionnaire survey among family caregivers of enteral tube feeding patients preparing for hospital discharge to assess their awareness, needs, and preferences for resources.

▪ Keyword : artificial intelligence, machine learning, nutritional risk, ICU, critical illness

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Critically ill patients require individualized nutrition support, with assessment tools like Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill scores. Challenges in continuous nutrition care prompt the need for innovative solutions. This study develops an artificial intelligence assisted nutrition risk evaluation model using explainable machine learning to support intensive care unit dietitians. Methods and Study Design: Ethical approval was obtained for a retrospective analysis of 2,122 patients. Nutrition risk assessment involved six dietitians, with 1,994 patients assessed comprehensively. Artificial intelligence models and shapley additive explanations analysis were used to predict and understand nutrition risk.

▪ Keyword : Graves’ disease, micronutrient, mendelian randomization, single nucleotide polymorphism, casual relationship

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Exploring the effects of circulating micronutrients on Graves' disease (GD) through observational research or randomized controlled trials has drawn more attention. In order to investigate the putative causal inference, we provide an illustrative estimate of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods and Study Design: Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary approach to determine the causal relationships between micronutrients level and GD. Several complementary sensitivity analyses were also undertaken to evaluate the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions. In addition, we utilized cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the differences in the prevalen...

▪ Keyword : gastrointestinal surgery, malnutrition, gastric cancer, colon cancer, anorectal cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are at high risk for malnutrition because of reduced food intake, poor digestion, and altered absorption. Methods and Study Design: In a retrospective review of medical records for patients admitted to urban hospitals in an Asian nation for GI tumor surgery (gastric, colon, or anorectal cancers), we found that malnutrition was common yet often overlooked. Our review identified records for 349 adult GI-tumor surgery patients. The Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) was the most frequently used screening instrument.

▪ Keyword : hemodialysis, low-protein supplements, protein-energy wasting, nutritional status, malnutrition inflammation score

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and is strongly associated with mortality and adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effects of low-protein energy supplements on the nutritional status of MHD patients with PEW. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial in 68 MHD patients suffering from PEW. Patients randomized to the intervention group received dietary counseling along with daily low-protein supplements containing 212 kcal of energy and 2.4 g of protein every day for 3 months. The control group received dietary counseling only. Dietary data, nutritional assessments, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood analysis were collect...

▪ Keyword : male osteoporosis, TyG, TyG-BMI, cohort study, old people

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obese and diabetic individuals tend to have insulin resistance, but are less likely to develop osteoporosis. The association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related indices with osteoporosis remains controversial, and longitudinal evidence exploring the male osteoporosis (MOP) is limited. This study aims to examine TyG, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) with osteoporosis risk among older men. Methods and Study Design: A cohort study based on 1622 middle-aged and older men in 2015 was conducted, and followed up until 2022. Participants with osteoporosis and admittedly secondary risk factors were excluded. TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR and corresponding quantiles were calculated.

▪ Keyword : children, iodine, thyroid, BSA, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid volume (TVOL) and physical development of children, and explore the suitable TVOL correction methods. Methods and Study Design: 1500 children aged 8-10 years from Gansu Province northwest China were selected. The height (H), weight (W), urine iodine of children was measured and their thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and TVOL were calculated (BSA was calculated by three formulas), and the relationship between TVOL and age, sex, physical development was analyzed. The applicability of TVOL correction methods including BMI corrected volume (BMIV), BSA corrected volume (BSAV), weight and height corrected volume indicator (WHVI) and height corrected volum...

▪ Keyword : cow’s milk protein allergy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention

▪ Content : Cow’s milk protein allergy is an adverse immune reaction to proteins found in cow’s milk, primarily casein and whey, affecting artificially fed, breastfed and mixed-fed infants. The immunological mechanisms involved lead to diverse clinical presentations, most commonly impacting the digestive and respiratory systems, as well as the skin. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical evaluation due to the absence of specific diagnostic tests, making accurate identification crucial to prevent misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis.

▪ Keyword : Chinese middle-aged, healthy aging, dietary quality, health awareness, nutritional supplements and fortified foods

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the nutritional challenges and its influencing factors of adults aged 40-69 living in Chinese cities. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 300 subjects from 29 cities in China. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, presence of chronic disease, and the use of nutritional supplements and fortified foods. 24-hour food intake was recorded using the Eat-Right Assistant, a validated digital service.

▪ Keyword : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the amelioration of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. Methods and Study Design: Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systema

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the amelioration of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. Methods and Study Design: Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The primary outcome: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG). Secondary outcomes included: BMI, fasting insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment−Insulin Resistance (HOMA−IR). We performed a random−effects dose−response meta−analysis to estimate mean differences (MD...

▪ Keyword : Japanese diet, dietary quality, dietary reference intakes, nutritional survey, nutrient adequacy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition. In Japan, a meal combining staple food, main dish, and side dish is considered a balanced diet. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food, main dish, and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults. All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture.

▪ Keyword : Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, triglyceride-glucose index

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the predictive power of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for poor prognosis in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients’ post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Study Design: A cohort of 393 NSTE-ACS patients who underwent PCI at the People’s Hospital of Nanjing Jiangbei from 2016 to 2022 was analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, served as the primary outcome.

▪ Keyword : vitamin B-12, folate, holotranscobalamin II, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Measurement of vitamin B-12 deficiency using different methods may cause diagnostic difficulties. In order to rapidly and safely diagnose vitamin B-12 deficiency, it is important to determine the reference ranges of serum B-12 and its related biomarkers such as homocysteine, holotranscobalamine (holo-TC) and methylmalonic acid (MMA). This study aimed to determine reference interval (RI)s for serum vitamin B-12 and related markers. Methods and Study Design: Samples were collected from 404 young-to-middle-aged healthy adults aged 18-65 years. Vitamin B-12, homocysteine, holotranscobalamin, folate were analyzed using the Arcitect i2000 device. Plasma MMA was analyzed by LC/MS. RIs were then evaluated accordingly.

▪ Keyword : noodle consumption, metabolic syndrome, Korean, carbohydrates, diet

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The proportion of noodles in the Korean diet is increasing, but the effect of noodle intake on metabolic syndrome has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we investigated noodle consumption and its relation to metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Methods and Study Design: This study was conducted on 10,505 adults using the combined data of the 2012–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Noodle intake was evaluated with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) based on 112 food items. To compute odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlled for confounders, multivariable logistic regression models were used.

▪ Keyword : gut microbiota, cardiovascular diseases, chronic heart failure, Asian, risk factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is one of the leading cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly in the Asian population. Individuals with specific health risks, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease (CAD), are more susceptible to developing CHF. Current evidence is limited to understanding the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and CHF. Therefore, this review aims to explore the potential connection between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and its metabolites in individuals at risk of CHF in the Asian population. Methods and Study Design: A literature review of cross-sectional studies was conducted using primary keywords such as "Asian", "obesity", "type 2 diabetes", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "coro...

▪ Keyword : sarcopenia, combined intervention, body composition analysis, resistance exercise, nutritional supplement

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that adversely affects health and quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined nutritional and exercise intervention among older adults who were at risk of sarcopenia. Methods and Study Design: 46 older adults were included in a 30±3 days intervention that combined oral nutritional supplements with resistance exercise. Parameters were measured at baseline (day 0) and after intervention (day 30±3), including routine parameters of sarcopenia, blood tests, and body measurements.

▪ Keyword : iodine, thyroid function, pregnancy outcomes, fetal outcomes, Qujing

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study investigated the iodine status of pregnant women at an average altitude of about 2000 meters in Qujing, China, and analyzed the relationship between iodine and thyroid function in different trimesters, as well as the relationship between iodine and adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Methods and Study Design: A total of 1,025 pregnant women who were admitted to Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January, 2019 to August, 2021, were included. Urinary iodine concentration(UIC) was detected by colorimetric method, and serum thyroid function was detected by chemiluminescence.

▪ Keyword : diet, niacin, dyslipidemia, NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The association of niacin intake with dyslipidemia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary niacin intake and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in the United States (US). Methods and Study Design: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2014. The exposure variable was dietary niacin intake, measured through 24-hour dietary recall interviews and treated as both a continuous and categorical variable. Dyslipidemia, defined by diagnostic criteria, was the outcome.

▪ Keyword : hip fracture, frailty, inflammatory marker, nutritional status, complications

▪ Content : ackground and Objectives: To investigate the underlying inflammatory markers of frailty and evaluate the predictive power of frailty and nutritional risk screening for in-hospital complications in elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods and Study Design: A total of 233 elderly patients with hip fractures participated in the study between August and October 2021. Frailty and nutritional risk screening was performed on all participants, who were then divided into frail ('frail only' and 'frail and malnourished') and non-frail ('robust'and 'malnourished only') cohorts.

▪ Keyword : mulberry leaves, water chestnut, 1-deoxynojirimycin, polyphenols, postprandial blood glucose level

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor not only for diabetes mellitus, but also arteriosclerosis; therefore, controlling the rapid postprandial increase in blood glucose levels is necessary. This study aimed to develop a mulberry leaf and water chestnut husk tea and investigate its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels. Methods and Study Design: We measured the polyphenols and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf and water chestnut husk tea in an in vitro experiment. The effect of the tea on postprandial blood glucose levels in 30 participants with borderline diabetes was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparison study.

▪ Keyword : garlic consumption, diabetes, older adults, epidemiology, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous traditional plants are used for preventing DM. However, limited evidence supports the association between garlic consumption and DM. Methods: Data came from the 2008-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Garlic consumption was obtained by questionnaire, and DM was self-reported diagnosis. A multivariate adjusted Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine the incidence of DM.

▪ Keyword : congenital heart disease, chylothorax, prolonged pleural effusion, nutrition support, risk factor

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies on the risk factors for prolonged pleural effusion (PPE)have primarily focused on surgical-related risk factors, with little research exploring the influence of postoperative nutritional factors on this delay. This study aimed to identify the nutritional risk factors for PPE in Chinese infants following congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. Methods and Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients under 3 years old with chylothorax following CHD surgery from 2016 to 2020. PPE was defined as pleural effusion lasting over 14 days. Logistical regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors.

▪ Keyword : eating alone, folate, n-3 PUFA, depression, older adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether eating alone, folate intake, and n-3 PUFA intake are independently associated with psychological distress in older adults. Methods and Study Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1011 study participants aged ≥65 years in Japan. We assessed psychological distress using the Kessler 6 scale, whether the participants ate alone or with others, and folate and n-3 PUFA intake using a short food frequency questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : dietary intake of lutein + zeaxanthin, plasma lutein + zeaxanthin level, depression, US adults, NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Evidence regarding the relationship between dietary and plasma lutein + zeaxanthin levels and the risk of depression is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary consumption of lutein + zeaxanthin and plasma lutein + zeaxanthin level with risk of depression in adult of United States by using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods and Study Design: A total of 7,829 and 7,324 individuals aged≥ 20 years were included from the NHANES to analyze separately the relation between dietary lutein + zeaxanthin and depression, as well as plasma lutein + zeaxanthin levels with the risk of depression, respectively.

▪ Keyword : osteoporosis, serum albumin, geriatric nutrition risk index, Chinese elderly men, nested case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. We aim to assess the relationship between serum albumin with geriatric nutritional risk index and osteopenia in Chinese elderly men. Methods and Study Design: This is a nested case-control study from a prospective cohort enrolled 1109 individuals who were followed for seven years. Demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms, and laboratory parameters were collected and analysed. Nutritional status and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were assessed.