Issue 5

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, clinical guidelines

▪ Content : Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases, especially among elderly, surgical and critically ill patients. With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) in China, accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis. These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature. They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels, providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population’s data and characterist...

▪ Keyword : COPD, micronutrients, vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin deficiency

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by malnutrition, a catabolic process, and chronic inflammation; thus, vitamin deficiency may occur frequently. We aimed to evaluate the levels of micronutrients in stable COPD patients. Methods and Study Design: There were 168 COPD patients from six pulmonology departments, with 36 healthy controls. The patients also performed pulmonary function tests and filled out the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Serum vitamin B-12 and folate levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Plasma 25-OH D3 levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes, glycemic variability, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, Fenuflakes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Evidence suggests that bioactive components present in plant foods have beneficial effects. Fenugreek is commonly used in Indian culinary practices and can help to keep blood sugar levels under control. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (FenuflakesTM) on the 24-hour glycaemic response (Incremental Area Under the Curve, iAUC), variability (Mean Amplitude Glycaemic Excursion assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring system) in participants with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Study Design: Twenty-one type 2 diabetes participants, aged 42 to 50 years, were provided with 5-day cyclic iso-caloric diets for 14 days without (control diet) and with 30 g of FenuflakesTM (test diet) in a randomized crossover trial. T...

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, urticaria, mendelian randomization, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to urticaria, but causality remains uncertain. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal effects of vitamin D and its metabolites on urticaria risk. Methods and Study Design: Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (n=120,618), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] (n=40,562), and C3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [C3-epi-25(OH)D3] (n=40,562) in Europeans were used, along with data on urticaria and its subtypes from FinnGen consortium (R10 release). For validation, we performed additional MR analyses using a larger dataset that meta-analyzed data from the UK Biobank and GWAS results from the SUNLIGHT consortium (n=496,946) as exposure variable...

▪ Keyword : highland barley, multigrain rice, glycemic index, postprandial glucose, appetite

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consumption of refined white rice, a staple food in most Asian countries, reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes. However, cereal grains with low glycemic indices may reduce postprandial glycemic response. We developed a highland barley-multigrain rice by combining traditional Chinese grains including, highland barley, brown rice, oats, corn grit, and buckwheat. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic impact, sensory attributes, and appetite response of our highland barley-multigrain rice compared to white rice. Methods and Study Design: In this randomized crossover trial, ten healthy participants consumed highland barley-multigrain rice, white rice, and glucose, each containing 50 g of available carbohydra...

▪ Keyword : antioxidants, Asian traditional nutraceutical, gene expression, oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes mellitus

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Multiple studies have shown that traditional nutraceuticals are potential to treat T2DM and its complications. This review will explore traditional nutraceuticals with antidiabetic properties with a focus on traditional Asian nutraceuticals and their antioxidant effects on gene expression associated to T2DM. Methods and Study Design: Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct using the keywords “nutraceutical”, “antidiabetic”, "insulin resistance", "Diabetes Mellitus", "herbal medicine", “mechanism”, “pathway”, "traditional food", "functional food", “antioxidant”, “clinical”, “preclinical”, "animal studies", and “Asian” com...

▪ Keyword : dietary factors, telomere length, Mendelian randomization, causal relationship, healthy diet reference

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Healthy diets are crucial in disease prevention and balanced diets can slow telomere shortening. Currently, it is still unclear which dietary factors are causally related to telomere length. Methods and Study Design: The inverse variance weighted, Mendelian Randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used. Additionally, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out tests were conducted to ensure accuracy. Outcomes included granulocyte, lymphocyte, naive T-cell, memory T-cell, B-cell, and natural killer-cell telomere lengths. Exposures included alcohol intake frequency, alcoholic drinks per week, average weekly beer plus cider intake, average weekly red wine intake, intake of beef, bread, cereal, coffee, cooked v...

▪ Keyword : dyslipidemia, dietary inflammatory index, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The presence and accumulation of inflammation may exacerbate the development of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between blood inflammatory markers and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in American adults as well as their association with dyslipidemia. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included participants with complete data on lipid levels, dietary intake, and blood inflammatory markers. The associations between dyslipidemia and two sets of exposures—blood inflammatory markers and the DII—were analysed using weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

▪ Keyword : Chinese Healthy Eating Index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dietary quality, FFQ, disease severity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary nutrition plays an essential role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to use Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) to evaluate dietary quality in COPD patients and investigate the relationship between dietary quality and COPD disease severity. Methods and Study Design: A total of 525 COPD inpatients were collected from December 1st, 2022, to December 1st, 2023. The dietary intake was collected through food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed by the CHEI. Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), the COPD assessment test (CAT), and Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage were used to assess disease severity. Multivariable logistic regression was ...

▪ Keyword : developmental disabilities, feeding problems, STEP, psychometric properties, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Children with developmental disabilities commonly experience feeding problems; however, tools to assess the nature and extent of these difficulties are not available in Arabic. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the Screening Tool for Feeding Problems (STEP) and evaluate its factorial structure in children with developmental disabilities. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 167 children with developmental disabilities, recruited from nine disability centers and schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from caregivers using a paper version of the Arabic version of STEP, which was sent home with the child along with a consent form for signature. The English-to-Arabic translation of the tool was conducted by...

▪ Keyword : stunting, fortified tempeh, pregnancy, maternal nutrition, local nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Stunting is a global health challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, where its prevalence reached 21.6% in 2022. This condition stems from malnutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate care during the first 1,000 days of life. Maternal nutrition is critical for fetal growth, as deficiencies can lead to low birth weight and short birth length, increasing the risk of stunting. This study evaluates the potential of fortified tempeh as a nutritional intervention to improve birth outcomes. Methods and Study Design: A quasi-experimental study with a quantitative approach was conducted to compare the effects of regular and fortified tempeh on BW and BL among pregnant women in Kuningan Regency.

▪ Keyword : iron, zinc, preterm, interaction, pregnancy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary iron and zinc intake on the risk of preterm labor before and during different trimesters, and to assess whether there is an interaction between iron and zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor. Methods and Study Design: The study was a nested case-control study of 880 cases and 8017 controls in Lanzhou City, northwest China. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between dietary iron/zinc intake and the risk of preterm labor and its clinical subtypes. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling was used to explore the non-linear relationship between dietary iron/zinc intake levels and the risk of preterm birth.

▪ Keyword : cognitive decline, dietary pattern, dementia, principal component analysis, aging

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among older adults with lower educational backgrounds living in China. Methods and Study Design: We analyzed data from the 2018 Health Survey of individuals aged over 50 in Chengyang, Qingdao, China. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the behaviors and lifestyles of the elderly. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to evaluate cognition, with a total score of less than 19 indicating cognitive impairment for participants with low educational attainment. Using Principal Component Analysis, we identified three dietary patterns: Shellfish, Fruit, and Red Meat. Cross-sectional data regarding dietary intake, cognition, and demographic...