Volume 13 Supplement 1

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1

Serum levels of amino acids of Nepalese living in the south-central rural region

▪ Author : A Abe, K Hirai, Y Aoki, R Takezoe
▪ Keyword : Evidence based nutrition
▪ Content : The urinary excretion and serum levels of retinol (Ret) and tocopherol (Toc) of 33 female university students were measured. Blood samples were taken early in the morning after an overnight fast. Twenty-four-hour urine (24hU) and 2nd-spot urine (2ndU) in the morning were collected for analyses.
2

Lack of correlation between plasma and prostate tissue alpha-linolenic acid levels

▪ Author : NM Attar-Bashi, M Frydenberg, D Li, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Several epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between plasma alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels and the incidence of prostate cancer; however other studies have not supported this association, as recently reviewed. Objective - The aim of this study was to determine if there was a correlation between the plasma and prostate tissue levels of ALA and/or other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
3

Phytoestrogen intake and excretion and markers of bone health in Australian women

▪ Author : K Hanna, J Wong, C Patterson, S O'Neill, P Lyons-Wall
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – Phytoestrogens may be protective against osteoporosis due to their ability to exert oestrogenic actions on bone cells in postmenopausal women with low serum oestrogen concentration. Objective - To examine the association between usual intake of isoflavonoids and lignans and biomarkers of bone health in a group of Australian women.
4

Fatness in production animals: using genetic and environmental levers to meet consumer demand

▪ Author : GS Harper, DW Pethick
▪ Keyword : Obesity: Does it Matter?
▪ Content : Background - Humans have consumed animal protein and fat for at least 10 millennia and evidence suggests that animal foods, and perhaps the process of hunting food animals, have contributed to our success as a species. Animal protein continues to be an important component of western-style diets, and recommendations against over-consumption of animal fats are well supported. Animal fats have been an important source of dietary energy for human populations, particularly when higher quality nutrients were unavailable. In the modern developed world, people are confronted with a myriad of options and opportunities to consume energy, so much so that the environment has been termed “obesogenic”, reflecting the implications of over-consumption. Booth and others have suggested that it is the...
5

Macadamia or olive oil enriched diets induce changes in heart structure and function similar to regular exercise in rats

▪ Author : Harrison G, Somerset S
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 4: Lipids
▪ Content : Background- Previously, we found that the hearts of rats fed olive oil as a sole fat source developed non-pathological hypertrophy, characterised by larger left ventricular volumes, increased cardiac outputs, and a greater resistance to ischaemic stress. These changes are similar to those observed in 6-week exercise trained rats on a standard rat chow (SRC) diet.
6

Calcium status among pregnant women

▪ Author : Hashim N, Norliza Z
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : The dietary intake of women when they conceive is considered to be important to the outcome of the pregnancy (as well as intake of certain nutrients). Each individual nutrient has certain specific effect on the fetal outcome if it is not taken at optimal level. During pregnancy, a mother will experience various physiological and psychological changes.
7

Acute effects of tea on fasting and post meal blood pressure

▪ Author : Hodgson JM, Puddey IB
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – Results of population and intervention studies suggest that drinking tea might protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, tea contains caffeine, which can transiently increase blood pressure (BP) in people who have avoided caffeine for >12h. We have previously shown that a single dose of tea (equivalent to 4 standard cups containing 180mg of caffeine) transiently increased BP more than caffeine alone (180mg dose) in people who had fasted and avoided caffeine for >12h. The importance of this finding to risk of CVD is uncertain since shortterm regular ingestion of tea does not alter BP, and results of population studies suggest that long-term regular ingestion of tea may lower BP.
8

Erythrocyte biomarker-based validation of a diet history method used in a dietary intervention trial

▪ Author : Patch C, Murphy K, Mansour J, Tapsell L, Meyer B, Mori T, Noakes M, Clifton P, Puddey I, Howe P
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Wednesday 11 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Intervention trials provide the evidence for potential health benefits of dietary manipulations. The quality of the dietary data is critical for relating benefits to nutrient intakes. Although diet histories are often used to assess dietary intake in intervention trials, they have seldom been validated with objective measures. Objective - To determine, in a dietary intervention trial, the validity of the diet history method using erythrocyte fatty acid composition as a gold standard indicator of fatty acid intakes.
9

Effect of bariatric surgery on adipose tissue regulatory peptides and growth hormone secretion

▪ Author : Holdstock C, Eden Engstrom B, Ohrvall M, Lind L, Sundbom M, Karlsson FA
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 2: Energy and Metabolism
▪ Content : Background - Obesity is associated with hyperinsulinaemia, hyperleptinaemia, suppressed levels of ghrelin and growth hormone (GH), and conflicting observations for IGF-1 levels. Objective - To examine the effects of massive weight loss following bariatric surgery on the serum levels of adipose tissue regulatory peptides in obese humans.
10

Altered amino acid profiles in patients with CVA (cerebrovascular accident) undergoing enteral nutrition enriched with taurine

▪ Author : Ho CK, Lee JH, Rhee BA, Park TS and Choue R
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : Background: Low levels of plasma taurine in patients undergoing enteral nutrition have been reported. However very little is known for the role of taurine on the plasma amino acid levels in patients undergoing enteral nutrition (EN). Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of taurine supplementation on the levels of amino acid in patients undergoing enteral nutrition.
11

Phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal cells

▪ Author : SSL Ho, S Pal
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Several studies in humans have demonstrated the hypocholesterolemic effect of plant sterol consumption. It is unclear whether plant sterols regulate lipoprotein production and secretion from the liver and intestines, thereby decreasing the levels of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins.
12

Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from human HepG2 liver cells

▪ Author : SSL Ho, S Pal
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Studies in healthy humans have shown that consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) significantly reduced VLDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations in circulation. We propose that the mechanism for decreased lipoprotein levels is due to the inhibition of production and secretion of VLDL (measured by secretion apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)) from the liver.
13

To determine the contributing factors for tube-feeding patients not meeting energy requirements

▪ Author : LY Hua
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : Introduction: Nutritional status can influence the medical outcome of a patient. For patients who are unable to obtain nutrients via the oral route, alternative nutrition feeding modalities have to be considered. One of the alternatives is supplying nutrients in the form of nutritional formulas via the feeding tube. However, various factors such as intolerance of feeds and medical procedures may affect the feeding regime, thus hindering patients from meeting their nutritional requirements. This study aims to determine the type of factors, which contribute to tube-feeding patients not meeting energy requirements.
14

Finding solutions to the nutritional dilemmas in Africa for child health: HIV/AIDS orphans, poverty and hunger

▪ Author : T Atinmo, D Oyewole
▪ Keyword : Disease-Related Malnutrition
▪ Content : Problems related to nutrition are critical constraints to economic growth and these have been exacerbated with HIV/AIDS epidemics, leading to a phenomenal increase in the number of orphans in Africa. There are intertwined linkages between poverty and hunger and these undoubtedly impinge on child survival.
15

Nutrition and health in economic development

▪ Author : Hunt J
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and Economics
▪ Content : The interrelationship of health and sustainable development will be discussed in three ways: (i) historical evidence that improved health is a precondition for the generation of wealth-spreading growth; (ii) the role of health and nutrition improvement in raising global cognitive performance compatible with knowledge-led globalization; and (iii) the investment priorities for reducing global poverty, as measured by the millennium development goals for hunger and health.
16

Influence of cooking practice on antioxidant properties and phenolic content of selected vegetables

▪ Author : A Ismail, WY Lee
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : Green leafy vegetables, fruits, legumes and vegetable oils are excellent sources of antioxidant components. In Asian countries, most of vegetables undergo cooking process rather than eaten raw. Cooking practices may affect the antioxidant content and properties in vegetables.
17

Vitamin E and its effect on aspirin induce gastric lesion in rats

▪ Author : Jaarin K, Gapor MT and Fauzee AM
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cancer
▪ Content : This study examined the effects of vitamin E on aspirin induced gastric lesions. The study was divided into two phases: phase 1 determined the effects of various doses of palm vitamin E on the factors affecting mucosal integrity. There was a significant decrease in gastric MDA and gastric acid in all the palm vitamin E supplemented groups compared to control.
18

Genetic linkage of uncoupling proteins (UCP2 and UCP3) with body weight regulation

▪ Author : E Jaberi
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Body weight depends on the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The discovery of the novel UCPs (USP2/USP3) in 1997 led to an explosive reinvestigation of thermogenesis, fuel utilization and possibility that these new gene products might be genetically linked to certain metabolic disorders.
19

Impact of incorporating soya fibre and processed soyabean flours on the glycaemic index of parantha

▪ Author : M Jain, N Verna
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : The glycaemic index (GI) of foods has important implications for the prevention and treatment of the major causes of morbidity and mortality including diabetes mellitus , cardiovascular disease and obesity. This study was conducted to estimate the GI of an Indian snack food ‘parantha’ (a kind of unleavened bread) made from unrefined wheat flour. Its three variations containing soya fibre, roasted soyabean flour and defatted soyflour (approximately 20% level) respectively and having 50g available carbohydrate were also tested.
20

Assessing changes in quality of life among obese participants in Kelantan, Malaysia

▪ Author : RA Jalil, WA Manan, WMW Bebakar, R Halim, GS Ooi, R Othman
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : The prevalence of obesity in increasing worldwide and becoming a great concern because it is associated with a number of negative health outcomes such as increased risk for type II diabetes, gall bladder disease, hypertension and heart diseases. Quality of life has become a buzz word in most of the health studies nowadays.
21

Examining the aged's nutritional condition in Kermanshah Iran, 2003

▪ Author : R Jalali
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and economics
▪ Content : Introduction: Ageing is a gradual process indicating the effects of genetics, lifestyle, and environment during the individual's lifetime. It includes the 65 plus age group. Nutritional dispositions, leading the aged to suffer from malnutrition, may be caused by receiving inadequate nutrients or by overeating, resulting in over-fatness. Nutritional insufficiency among the aged may arise from decayed teeth, reduced appetite, decline of cellular metabolism, hormonal alteration, osteoporosis, and dementia accompanied by social, economic, and psychological factors. Hence, a study was performed to identify factors that contribute to malnutrition among the aged and also to determine the prevalence of these disorders.
22

The health status of hypertensive patients in Hospital Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia

▪ Author : R Jamaluddin, MD Kirubagaran
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Hypertension is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and is a major determinant for the incidence of stroke, coronary heart diseases and renal failure. The prevalence of hypertension in Peninsular Malaysia has shown a marked increase from 14.4% to 24.0% as reported by the 2nd National Health and Morbidity Survey, 1996.
23

Antioxidative behaviour of Malaysian plant extracts in model and food oil systems

▪ Author : I Jaswir, TH Hassan, MZM Said
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – ‘Pegaga’ (Centella Asiatica) and ‘limau purut’ (Citrus hystrix) are two types of plant traditionally used in Malaysian local dishes. Recent studies showed that pegaga and limau purut leaves not only can be used as food ingredients, but also can benefit human health.
24

Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supply influences mechanisms controlling body weight and glucose metabolism

▪ Author : AP Jayasooriya, RS Weisinger, HS Weisinger, M Mathai, L Puskas, K Kitajka, N Chen, ML Ackland, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 4: Lipids
▪ Content : Background - Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to influence crucial membrane functions, eicosanoid metabolism and gene expression mechanisms. Objective - To determine the influence of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supply on ingestive behaviour, body weight, adiposity and glucose tolerance.
25

Physiological validation of the concept of glycemic load in mixed meals over 10 hours in overweight females

▪ Author : FS Atkinson, JMR McMillan-Price, JC Brand-Miller
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 2: Energy and Metabolism
▪ Content : Background - In the science of weight loss, the value of diets with a low glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) is controversial. GL remains an unproven concept without evidence that the calculated GL predicts blood glucose and insulin responses to mixed meals. Objective - To compare day-long glucose and insulin responses to four isoenergetic reduced fat diets, varying in GL, carbohydrate and protein content.
26

Influence of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supply on brain gene expression

▪ Author : AP Jayasooriya, RS Weisinger, HS Weisinger, M Mathai, L Puskas, K Kitajka, N Chen, ML Ackland, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - The functional roles of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are thought be mediated by the modulation of physico-chemical properties of the cell membrane and eicosanoid metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that omega-3 PUFA might also play a pivotal role in regulation of body functions through the modulation of its genetic apparatus
27

Gender and ethnic differences of Mexican children’s attitudes toward a drawing of an obese peer

▪ Author : A Jiménez-Cruz, M Bacardí-Gascón, J Leon-Reyes
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Background: In the Mexico-US border, in 1999, 35% of the children aged 6-11 y were over the 85th percentile body mass index from NCHS. Among Mexican-Indian migrant children on the Mexico-US border the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38%. In the USA studies have been conducted to identify how children acted toward the drawing of an obese child. Studies in the USA have shown that children liked the drawing of an obese child the least. However, no studies have been published on the attitude toward an obese child among Mexican children.
28

Food sources of calcium in three diets (OZDASH study)

▪ Author : MK Jorna, CA Nowson, T Worsley, C Margerison, AG Frame
▪ Keyword : NSNZ Concurrent Oral Session 3: Micronutrient Nutrition
▪ Content : Objective - To assess sources of calcium (Ca) in four diets with different dairy components (OZDASH study). Design - The OZDASH diet (OD) was a moderate Na, high potassium (K), high calcium (Ca), low-fat diet, specifying a minimum of 3 serves of reduced-fat dairy/d. The high calcium diet (HC) was high in reduced-fat dairy products (at least 4 serves/d), and the low sodium, high potassium diet (LNAHK) had no dairy requirement.
29

Simvastatin not low-cholesterol diet lowers the elevated plasma nitric oxide level in hyperlipidemic patients

▪ Author : JE Yim, RW Choue, SH Jeong, JH Park, KA Ryu, JH Chyun, CS Park, YN Cha
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Introduction: Simvastatin is beneficial for preventing cardiovascular diseases through its modulation of nitric oxide production in additon to its lipid-lowering effects. It is not known whether statins inhibit NO production or down-regulate the iNOS expression in human. It is not clear from experiments to date whether it is possible to predict the final changes of plasma NO concentration of hypercholesterolemic patients after low-cholesterol diet and statin therapy. This is because the statin therapy leads to the activation of eNOS activity of the endothelium while it leads to suppression of iNOS expression in the leukocytes infiltrating the atherosclerotic lesions. We investigated the effects of simvastatin therapy and lipid-lowering diets on plasma NO concentration as well as on ...
30

Increasing breastfeeding rates in Australia

▪ Author : K Graham, J Scott, C Binns, W Oddy
▪ Keyword : Food and the child
▪ Content : Breastfeeding is acknowledged as providing the best start in life. In 2003, a review by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia’s dietary guidelines for infants, children and adolescents endorsed the recommendation of the World Health Organization that exclusive breastfeeding of infants continue until around six months of age.
31

Inverse relationship between body mass index and premenopausal breast cancer risk in Malaysian women

▪ Author : M Kandiah, PCJ Tan
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cancer
▪ Content : Human breast cancer is usually categorized as either premenopausal or postmenopausal. The epidemiological evidence for the role of anthropometric factors, specifically body mass index, in the etiology of breast cancer has become clearer and stronger particularly for populations in developed countries.
32

Effects of macronutrients on cardiovascular and metabolic responses in NIDDM (non-insulin –dependent diabetes mellitus) and healthy subjects

▪ Author : F Kaseb, MH Soltani, M Kimiagar, M Hoseini, GG Harrison, A Afifi
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : We compared the cardiovascular [cardiac output (co), heart rate (hr), stroke volume (sv), mean arterial pressure (map), systolic blood pressure (sbp), diastolic blood pressure (dbp)] and metabolic responses [blood sugar, insulin, norepinephrine]to carbohydrate, protein and fat in 10 healthy subjects (4 woman, 6 man: age 36.6 ± 5.8 yr, range 30-48, BMI 24± 1.2 kg/m², range 22-25) and 15 NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) patients (4 woman, 11 man:age 38.9 ± 5.2 yr, range 29-47, BMI 24 ± 1.6kg/m², range 21-26.6).
33

The comparison of Haemophilus influenza in the throat of healthy infants with different feeding methods

▪ Author : A Kazemi
▪ Keyword : Diet, gut microflora and health
▪ Content : Introduction: Haemophilus influenza (HI) is the most commonly found pathogenic bacteria in pediatric otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections. Bacterial attachment to pharyngeal cells and proliferation may be necessary for infection. In presence of human milk, attachment of HI to pharyngeal cells and colonization may be inhibited. To evaluate the protecting role of breast milk, we investigated the incidence of HI isolated from the throat of healthy infants with different feedings methods.
34

Breakfast patterns of primary school children in an informal settlement

▪ Author : J Kearney, C Napier
▪ Keyword : Food and the child
▪ Content : This study forms part of a larger project where a cost-effective and culturally acceptable novel food product will be developed as a supplement to breakfast for primary school children, aged six to 13 years old. Baseline measurements indicated that the nutrtional status of the children in this school, were 17.4% underweight, 12.7% wasted and 18% stunted. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the breakfast patterns of the randomly selected subjects in the school in Eatonside.
35

Does body mass index reflect percentage body fat and body fat distribution in low and high birth weight subjects?

▪ Author : OA Kensara, SW Wootton, DI Philips, M Patel, M Elia
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Background: Birth weight has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in later life, but the mechanisms are poorly defined. It is not clear if adults with low and high birth weights have different percent body fat and pattern of fat distribution, which are associated with health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to assess if the percentage body fat and its distribution within the body differ between adults with a low and high birth weight, after adjusting for BMI.
36

Surveying the absorption level of complexes ethyl and methyl –3-hydroxy-pyran 4- on and its comparison with zinc sulphate available from market, by using the invitro method

▪ Author : A Badiei, L Saghaei, S Ebrahimiurimi
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : Zinc deficiency may lead to many symptoms on human body. Zinc sulphate has been used against diseases caused by zinc deficiency for many years. That is why various studies have been done to produce more appropriate compounds of which the complexes malthol and ethylmalthol are the best examples.
37

The nutritional status of pregnant women in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa

▪ Author : H Kesa
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and economics
▪ Content : Background: A study completed in 2001 formed part of a clinical intervention trial under controlled conditions to examine the iron status of the pregnant and lactating women in the Vaal Triangle. The main purpose of that study was to determine the dietary intake and iron status of the sample population (n=431). Based on that study there is convincing evidence of poor dietary practices by pregnant women. According to Ramachandran (2002) low dietary intake in pregnancy will have adverse effects on the health and nutrition status of both the mother and her offspring. According to Norton (2002) there is strong epidemiological evidence of an association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW), especially in undernourished women.
38

The effect of food frequency on serum glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in niddm patient

▪ Author : A Keshavarz
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Objective: The aim of this semi-experimental, crossover, perspective study was to assess the effect of low and high frequency diets on fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride after eating a standard breakfast (B.T.T) on non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients.
39

Dietary fat quality: a nutritional epidemiologist’s view

▪ Author : GL Khor
▪ Keyword : Asia Pacific Clinical Nutrition Society Award Lectures for 2004
▪ Content : Introduction - Fat intake worldwide has increased substantially, with East and South-East Asia and China among the foremost, having doubled and tripled intake (g/capita/day) respectively in the past three decades. The major dietary source of energy in developing countries is vegetable oils, but their intake of animal fat is increasing, from 8% of total calories in the 1960s to 13% in the 1990s.
40

Dietary intakes and plasma antioxidant vitamins levels in Korean elderly with diabetes

▪ Author : JH Kim, MJ Kim
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : This study was done to compare the antioxidant status between Korean diabetes and healthy control elderly by determining dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, their plasma levels and total antioxidant status(TAS). Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan metropolitan city of Korea.
41

Levels of n-3 enrichment and Japanese consumer sensory panel ratings for lamb meat from sheep supplemented with protected linseed oil for different numbers of weeks

▪ Author : SM Kitessa, V Boghossian, J Reynolds, AJ Williams, SK Gulati
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 5: Animal Nutrition & Human Food
▪ Content : Background- Most Australian export lambs spend a certain number of weeks in feedlots. This practice provides opportunity for value-adding lamb meat through the use of ingredients known to be beneficial for human health, eg n-3 fatty acids. Objective- To determine the optimum period of supplementation required to enrich lamb meat with linolenic acid through dietary linseed oil supplementation and the consequent effect on the sensory characteristics of lamb meat as perceived by a Japanese taste panel.
42

Levels of n-3 enrichment and Australian consumer sensory panel ratings of lamb meat from sheep supplemented with protected tuna oil for different numbers of weeks

▪ Author : SM Kitessa, V Boghossian, J Reynolds, AJ Williams, SK Gulati
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background- Cost-effective strategies to further enhance the levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in red meat require determination of the optimum period of supplementation with dietary lipid supplements and the sensory characteristics of meat from animals under different periods of supplementation.
43

Vitamin D deficiency in burned children: causes and consequences

▪ Author : GL Klein, TC Chen, MF Holick, CB Langman, DN Herndon
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : Children who sustain burn injury of at least 40% total body surface area are at risk to develop vitamin D deficiency. These children do not receive routine vitamin D supplementation on hospital discharge and by 14 months post-burn median serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 31 nmol/L, range 0-75, lower limit of normal 37 nmol/L (n=12). These levels remained low at 2 years post-burn (n=12, median 20 nmol/L, range 7-45) and at 7 years post-burn (n=11, median 25 nmol/L, range 12-37).
44

Less efficient sheep are more responsive to an ACTH induced stress challenge

▪ Author : SA Knott, BJ Leury, FD Brien, LJ Cummins, FR Dunshea
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background –Animals which are susceptible to stress are generally considered to be less efficient in utilising feed, however this relationship has not been explored in sheep with known feed conversion efficiency. Objective – To determine the influence of ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) on serum cortisol levels in animals of known feed conversion efficiency.
45

Junk food consumption: an indicator of changing dietary habit in Iranian children

▪ Author : F Kolahdooz, R Sheikholeslam, M Naghavi, Z Abdollahi
▪ Keyword : Food and the child
▪ Content : Introduction: Widespread consumption of junk foods deprives children of necessary nutrients during the critical first three years of life. Urbanization and media propaganda have caused traditional nutritious snacks to be replaced by low-quality junk foods.
46

Calcium, magnesium and total protein level in the serum of healthy individuals in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia

▪ Author : T Kumosani
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : The level of calcium, magnesium and total protein were estimated in the serum of randomly selected healthy Saudi individuals living in the Western province of Sausi Arabia of different ages and sexes as part of total project to evaluate the standard biochemical parameters to serve as a national standard. A total of 276 healthy individuals were used in this study.
47

Consumer understanding and use of Nutrition Information Panels

▪ Author : J Baines, S Lata
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : Providing adequate information on food labels to enable consumers can make an informed choice is one of the objectives of the Australian New Zealand Food Standards Code. In the recently revised Code several labelling changes have been introduced including mandatory nutrition information panels (NIPs).
48

Folate status of Thai women cervical dysplasia

▪ Author : K Kwanbunjan, P Saengkar, C Cheeramakara, W Thanornsak, W Benjachai, S Tangjitgamol, P Laisupasin, K Songmuaeng
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cancer
▪ Content : The study was carried out in Thai women that were identified from the National Cancer Institute and Vajira Hospital in Bangkok, and Chonburi Cancer Center in Chonburi Province. Fasting blood samples were collected from 44 women with low-grade cervical neoplasia (CIN I), 70 high-grade cervical neoplasia (CIN II, III and carcinoma in situ) and 95 women with normal cytology as the control group for serum and red cell folate analysis and serum homocysteine determination.
49

Used oil consumption impairs peripheral vascular physiology

▪ Author : N Lai, K Griffiths, J Harmer, M Skilton, I Hue, D Celermajer, D Sullivan
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : With the growing number of fast-food outlets, consumption of products cooked in used oils may increase. This study investigated whether lipid parameters and peripheral vascular physiology were affected in individuals after consuming a meal cooked in unused oil compared to a meal prepared in used oil, sourced from fast food outlets after one month of use.
50

Total antioxidant capacity and selected flavonols and carotenoids of some Australian and Fijian fruits and vegetables

▪ Author :
▪ Keyword : Novel foods in clinical practice
▪ Content : The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been reported to improve health and reduce the burden of disease conditions in part probably because of the provision of various forms of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties present in these foods.
51

To ensure high standards of food safety through an integrated haccp system

▪ Author : KS Lan
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : Introduction: Singapore General Hospital, Dietetics & Nutrition Services Department caters to 3,600 – 4,000 meals daily. Our customers are patients who would be defined as people at a higher risk for food-borne illness. Apart from the unwell, we are also serving patients who are pregnant, the elderly and the patients who are even more vulnerable, with compromised immune system. Foodborne illness is therefore a major concern, minimising and controlling biological, chemical and physical hazards in food is critical for food safety.
52

Inhibition of platelet aggregation from people with type 2 diabetes mellitus following consumption of tomato juice

▪ Author : SA Lazarus, ML Garg
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Wednesday 11 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Platelet hyperreactivity is one of the metabolic abnormalities found in type 2 diabetes mellitus and contributions to this populations increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Recently, clarified tomato juice has been shown to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro1 and in an animal model of thrombosis.
53

Overweight/obesity situation and the relation to lipid disorders and hypertension in women aged 20 to 59 years old in Ba Dinh district, Hanoi City

▪ Author : LT Hop, TTX Ngoc
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : The research was carried out in Ba dinh district, Hanoi. The results of the research on 724 women from 20-59 years old indicated that the prevalence of overweight (BMI> 25.0) was rather high (16.6%), the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity grade I was 15.5% and 1.1%, respectively.
54

Relation between calcium and magnesium intake and obesity

▪ Author : Z Lelovics
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Aims: Nowadays there is much evidence available about the relation between dietary calcium and human body weight control mainly in the case of adults. According to data from the literature increasing Ca-intake results in a smaller amount of body fat. On the other hand, there is only very limited data in the literature available on the magnesium intake of overweight people. This has been studied in the case of 10 to 14-year-old obese students and those with high body fat %.
55

In vitro and ex vivo cyclooxygenase inhibition by a hops extract

▪ Author : Marc Lemay, MA Murray, A Davies, H Roh-Schmidt, RK Randolph
▪ Keyword : Food, inflammation and the anti-inflammatory aspects of food
▪ Content : While there has been much research on botanical materials as potential pain-relieving Cox inhibitors, it has not yet been demonstrated that oral consumption of botanical agents can inhibit Cox-2 activity in humans. In particular it would be of interest to determine whether any botanical anti-inflammatory has Cox-1-sparing activity, in order to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. This two-stage study was designed to first screen a variety of botanicals in vitro, and then to select one or more promising agents to test in human volunteers.
56

The effect of dietary saturated fat on endothelial function

▪ Author : JA Grieger, JB Keogh, M Noakes, PR Foster, PM Clifton
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 4: Lipids
▪ Content : Background - The impact different dietary fatty acid profiles have on endothelial function is not well understood. Objective - To determine whether diets high in unsaturated fats induce greater endothelial vasodilation compared to diets high in saturated fat (SFA) or carbohydrate (CARB).
57

Relationship between BMI and serum and lipoprotein lipids in the Hangzhou region

▪ Author : D Li, XM Yu, XQ Zhou, YH Zhang, T Yao, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background –Many epidemiological and observational studies have consistently confirmed a direct correlation between body weight, mortality and multiple CVD risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance. BMI measurement is the most commonly used measure of general adiposity. Objective – The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and serum and lipoprotein lipids in a population sample from Hangzhou, China.
58

Food and nutrient intake in relation to cardiovascular disease among rural males of Punjab, India

▪ Author : K Bains, J Kaur
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : A nutritional study was carried out on one hundred rural males in the age group of 40-60 years hospitalised with first cardiac attack to determine the relationship of food and nutrient intake with the cardiovascular disease (CVD). 37% of the subjects were overweight and 7% were obese on the basis of body mass index.
59

The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status in the Hangzhou region

▪ Author : D Li, XM Yu, YH Zhang, T Yao, XQ Zhou, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – Increased dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) raises n-3 PUFA levels in tissues, and is associated with beneficial effects on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation, and perhaps with neuropsychiatric disorders.
60

Cereal grain source, dietary level of lupins and broiler performance

▪ Author : X Li, RJ Gill, WL Bryden
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background -Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) are promoted as a source of dietary protein for broilers. When diets are formulated, it is assumed that the nutrients within each ingredient are additive. However, this assumption may not always be correct because of the possible presence and possible interaction between antinutritive factors in lupins and cereal grains. Objective - To examine the relationship between cereal grain source and dietary level of lupins on the performance of broiler chickens.
61

Fortification of Turkish traditional bread with vitamins-minerals and evaluation in vulnerable group diets

▪ Author : G Biringen Loker
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : Bread is one of the staple foods for Turkish people to provide daily recommended dietary allowances. An average 350-400 grams/day of bread is consumed and about 50% of daily energy is taken from bread. In low economic income groups, this ratio is about 60-70%.
62

Malnutrition and the burden of disease

▪ Author : A Lopez
▪ Keyword : Disease-Related Malnutrition
▪ Content : Malnutrition is a major cause of disease burden in many developing regions, and is a principal factor inhibiting further rapid declines in child mortality. Almost 50% of children in India and neighbouring countries are clinically underweight (<2 SD weight for age), as are about one-third of children in Africa, and 10-25% of children in other developing countries.
63

Catechins are the major source of flavonoids in a group of Australian women

▪ Author : P Lyons-Wall, P Autenzio, E Lee, R Moss, S Gie, S Samman
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Evidence is emerging for the role of flavonoids in the prevention of degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the dietary intake of flavonoids in a group of Australian women.
64

Oxidised LDL in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance

▪ Author : L MacDonald-Wicks, LZ Gibson, DM Godfrey, JM Green, BP Horan, KL Monger, RM Wischer, ML Garg
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Wednesday 11 August 2004
▪ Content : Background -It is recognised that individuals with diabetes have a 2-3 fold increase in mortality secondary to coronary artery disease1 and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) also share this risk. Factors that contribute to the endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis include oxidative stress. Objective - The present study examined baseline levels of biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
65

Calculation of vitamin A activity from provitamin A carotenoids: what factor should we use?

▪ Author : D Mackerras
▪ Keyword : Evidence based nutrition
▪ Content : When converting the quantity of provitamin A carotenoids to retinol equivalents, it has been standard practice to divide the quantity of beta-carotene by 6 and the quantity of other provitamin A carotenoids by 12. The recent revisions to the US dietary reference intakes propose reducing these conversion factors to 12 and 24 respectively. This recommendation was influenced by two considerations.
66

Antioxidants modulate the nitric oxide system and SOD activity and expression in rat epithelial lung cells

▪ Author : Z Madar, N Maayan, O Sarit, A Eliraz
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Nitric Oxide (NO) plays a key role in many physiological processes and is synthesized by the enzyme Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). There is increasing evidence that NO produced in human airways is involved in pathological events, such as asthma.
67

Changing dietary patterns of the young: impact of fast foods

▪ Author : R Mahna, SJ Passi, K Khanna
▪ Keyword : Evidence based nutrition
▪ Content : Introduction: Catering to the needs of a swift-paced society, fast foods are becoming an integral part of the lifestyle for the younger population. Objectives: To study the food preferences and fast food consumption of the young (WHO).
68

Nutrition and health status of rural adolescent girls in selected ICDS blocks of Delhi and Rajasthan

▪ Author : A Malhotra, SJ Passi
▪ Keyword : Evidence based nutrition
▪ Content : Adolescent girls need special care in view of their present and future roles. The only national programme targeted towards the developmental needs of these girls is the Adolescent Girl (AG) scheme of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). The present study has been undertaken in ICDS blocks of Delhi (Alipur, Kanjhawala and Mehrauli) and Rajasthan (Deeg) to assess the baseline nutrition/health status and related knowledge of rural adolescent girls in these areas.
69

Palm fruit extracts protect against oxidative damage in human red blood cells

▪ Author : N Balasundram, NS Agar, K Sundram, S Samman
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Thursday 12 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – Palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis) extracts have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity in a liposome model system, acting as scavengers of reactive oxygen species via hydrogen- and electron-donating mechanisms. Objective - To evaluate the antioxidant properties of palm fruit crude extract (CE) and ethanolic extract (EE) in an ex vivo model system using human red blood cells (RBC).
70

The effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on growth and immune function in term infants: a randomised controlled trial

▪ Author : M Makrides, J Hawkes, D Robertson, R Gibson
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Wednesday 11 August 2004
▪ Content : Introduction - Nucleotide (NT) supplemented infant formulas have been commercially available for a number of years despite the fact that clinical efficacy of NT supplementation has not been well established in randomised controlled trials. Objective - Our aim was to assess the effect of NT-supplemented formula on infant growth and biochemical indices of immune function.
71

Carbohydrate rich diets exacerbate postprandial lipaemia in moderately dyslipidemic subjects, whereas red meat protein-enriched diets have no adverse effects

▪ Author : JCL Mamo, AP James, MJ Soares, K Purcell, D Griffiths, JL Schwenke
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 5: Animal Nutrition & Human Food
▪ Content : Background - Hypocaloric high protein diets are increasingly advocated for weight management, however their effect on cardiovascular risk factors, particularly postprandial lipaemia is not well understood. Low energy, high carbohydrate diets have also been utilized for weight loss, but have a tendency to exaggerate plasma triglyceride levels, an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor. Delineating the effects of macronutrients on plasma lipids is confounded by concomitant weight reduction, because the latter has effects independent of diet.
72

Multiple micronutrients may lead to improved cognitive function in NE Thai schoolchildren

▪ Author : MS Manger, P Winichagoon, T Pongcharoen, S Gorwachirapan, A Boonpraderm, J McKenzie, RS Gibson
▪ Keyword : NSNZ Concurrent Oral Session 3: Micronutrient Nutrition
▪ Content : Background - Deficiencies of iron, iodine and zinc can affect the learning abilities and cognitive function of children. In a study in rural NE Thai school children, 31% were anaemic, 44% had moderate iodine deficiency, based on urinary iodine <0.40 µmol/L, and 57% had serum zinc levels indicative of zinc deficiency.
73

Paleolithic nutrition: what can we learn from the past?

▪ Author : NJ Mann
▪ Keyword : Food, the Environment and Health, Econutrition, Paleolithic Nutrition
▪ Content : Background - Anthropologists and some nutritionists have long recognised that the diets of Paleolithic and recent hunter-gatherers (HG) may represent a reference standard for modern human nutrition and a model for defense against certain western lifestyle diseases.
74

Food sources of sodium prior to and during the OZDASH study

▪ Author : C Margerison, CA Nowson, T Worsley, MK Jorna, AG Frame
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Wednesday 11 August 2004
▪ Content : Objective - To assess the main food sources of sodium (Na) whilst on three different diets (OZDASH Study). Design - The OZDASH diet (OD) was a moderate Na, high potassium (K), high calcium (Ca), low-fat diet. The high calcium diet (HC) was high in reduced-fat dairy products. The low Na, high K diet (LNAHK) was high in fruit and vegetables, low in salt and no-added-salt (NAS) bread was provided. Ninety-four participants completed OD, 48 HC and 43 LNAHK.
75

Long- term effects of policosanol on older patients with Type 2 diabetes

▪ Author : R Mas, G Castaño, J Fernández, R Gamez, J Illnait, L Fernandez, E Lopez, M Mesa, E Alvarez, S Mendoza
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are major coronary risk factors. Coronary risk of diabetics is also greater than non-diabetics. The main goal of dyslipidemia control in diabetics is to lower elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.
76

Long-term effects of policosanol on obese patients with Type II Hypercholesterolemia

▪ Author : R Mas, G Castaño, J Fernández, R Gamez, J Illnait, L Fernandez, E Lopez, M Mesa, E Alvarez, S Mendoza
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Both hypercholesterolemia (HC) and obesity are coronary risk factors. Clinical studies have shown the benefits of lowering elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) on clinical end-points. Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug purified from sugar cane wax with a therapeutic range from 5 to 20 mg/day.
77

D-Psicose, a rare sugar that provides no energy and additionally beneficial effects for clinical nutrition

▪ Author : T Matsuo, K Izumori
▪ Keyword : Novel foods in clinical practice
▪ Content : D-Psicose (D-ribo-2-hexulose), a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is a “rare sugar” present in small quantities in commercial mixtures of D-glucose and D-fructose obtained from the hydrolysis of sucrose or isomerization of D-glucose. Because of the very small amounts of D-psicose in natural products, few studies of D-psicose metabolism in mammals have been conducted.
78

Dietary narcoleptics and immunocastration improve growth in group-housed boars

▪ Author : I McCauley, GM Cronin, RH King, PH Hemsworth, JL Barnett, B Luxford et al
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background – The growth potential of boars may be only partially realised commercially because of aggressive and/or sexual activity. Dietary bromide and tryptophan and immunocastration may reduce these behaviours. Objective – To determine effects of immunocastration and dietary narcoleptics on growth of group-housed boars.
79

Selenised dairy protein and colon cancer inhibition in AOM induced rats

▪ Author : GH Mc Intosh, B Scherer, PJ Royle
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background: Selenium is potentially important in cancer prevention as has been shown by Clark et al1 where 200µSe/day as Se yeast provided over 4.5 y was associated with a halving of colon, lung and prostate cancers in the 11 y study. The form of Se most effective for anticancer effects is of interest, and food forms containing selenocysteine or selenomethionine are common and dairy foods could be a significant source of Se.
80

Folic acid deficiency is genotoxic and increases sensitivity to chromosome damage by gamma-radiation

▪ Author : S Beetstra, M Fenech
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - Folic acid deficiency can alter DNA-methylation, lead to excessive uracil incorporation and an increased level of DNA strand breaks. Therefore, it was hypothesized that folic acid is an important micronutrient in the prevention of both spontaneous and radiation induced chromosome damage. Objective - To determine the impact of folic acid deficiency on spontaneous and radiation induced chromosome damage and chromosome 21 aneuploidy.
81

Serum selenium concentrations in New Zealand children

▪ Author : SK Mclachlan, CD Thomson
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background - The low selenium content of New Zealand soils has resulted in sub-optimal blood selenium concentrations in New Zealand residents. At present there is no data on the biochemical selenium status of New Zealand children. Objective – To determine the biochemical selenium status of New Zealand children.
82

Environmental change and food production: consequences for human nutrition and health

▪ Author : AJ McMichael
▪ Keyword : Food, the Environment and Health, Econutrition, Paleolithic Nutrition
▪ Content : The debate about supplies of land, food, energy and water in relation to human needs is longstanding. Thomas Malthus is often viewed as having first noted, at the end of the eighteenth century, the mismatch between geometric population growth and arithmetic food production growth. In fact, the debate in general, and that particular observation, go back much further in time – as was pointed out in the 1970s by the pioneering Australian demographer, WD Borrie.
83

Effect of diet on E. coli populations in the faeces of cattle

▪ Author : CS McSweeney, RA Gilbert, DO Krause, J Padmanabha, SE Denman
▪ Keyword : Food, Pro and Prebiotics: Effects Beyond the Gut
▪ Content : Background - A study on enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) contamination of beef carcasses at slaughter concluded that faecal and carcase levels of EHEC are positively correlated and that there was a role for control of EHEC in live cattle.In this current study we examined the effect of dietary inclusion of molasses (simple sugars), grain (starch) and roughage (structural carbohydrate) on the shedding of E. coli in cattle faeces.
84

Elevated blood pressure: emerging health problem in Iran

▪ Author : K Mohammad, F Kolahdooz, R Sheikholeslam
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Introduction: Hypertension is a major underlying cause of coronary heart disease and stroke. The risk of both CHD disease and stroke increases progressively throughout the observed range of blood pressure. Observational studies show that a sustained difference of only 7.5 mmHg in the diastolic blood pressure confers up to a 28% difference in risk of CHD and a 44% difference in the risk of stroke.
85

Dietary intake, lifestyle factors and nutritional status of Indian adult males in Kampung Indian Settlement, Batu Caves, Selangor

▪ Author : MT Mohd Nasir, B Sabapathy
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : A study was conducted to determine the dietary intake, lifestyle factors and nutritional status of adult Indian male residents of Kampung Indian Settlement, Batu Caves, Selangor. A total of 91 adult Indian males who fit the criteria of selection were selected as respondents for the study.
86

Effect of high fibre fruit (Guava - psidium guajava L.) on the serum glucose level in induced diabetic mice

▪ Author : R Mohd Yusof, M Said
▪ Keyword : Evidence based nutrition
▪ Content : Water-soluble dietary fibre was found to decrease postprandial glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of high fibre fruit (guava - Psidium guajava L.) on serum glucose level in induced diabetes mellitus mice.
87

Comparison of β-carotene, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity of jute mellow (Corchorius olitorius L.) leaf tea with green teas

▪ Author : A Moong-Ngarm, N Bootprom, J Khunarak
▪ Keyword : Food processing and human health
▪ Content : In recent years, the health benefits of foods have gained much attention. Natural antioxidants in foods, such as b-carotene and phenolic compounds, are among the most interesting bioactive compounds. The protective influence of diets rich in fruits and vegetables against certain diseases have been attributed partly to their antioxidant content.
88

Seasonal variation of food consumption patterns in Korea

▪ Author : HK Moon, JE Shim
▪ Keyword : Food, the environment and health, econutrition
▪ Content : This analysis was performed to investigate the seasonal difference of food consumptions according to cooking methods affecting nutrient availability and fat consumptions using 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in winter, 1998.
89

Short term energy restriction (using meal replacements) improves reproductive parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome

▪ Author : LJ Moran, M Noakes, PM Clifton, G Wittert, RJ Norman
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations: Friday 13 August 2004
▪ Content : Background- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. Weight loss improves the reproductive and metabolic dysfunction associated with PCOS. However, it is unclear what extent of adiposity reduction is required to restore reproductive function.
90

Visual development of preterm infants fed high dose docosahexaenoic acid

▪ Author : LG Smithers, AJ McPhee, RA Gibson, M Makrides
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 4: Lipids
▪ Content : Background - Preterm infants fed breast milk or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented formula have better visual responses than infants fed formula with no DHA. Objective - To determine the optimal intake of DHA for infant visual development of preterm infants.
91

Malnutrition and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia

▪ Author : N Moktar, HMS Al-Mekhlafi, M Azlin, U Nor Aini, M Azlin, A Shaik et al
▪ Keyword : Food and the child
▪ Content : Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children living in endemic areas of soil-transmitted helminthes. Methods: An observational study was carried out on 281 Orang Asli children aged 2-15 years in eight villages in Selangor, Malaysia.
92

Alcohol, genome instability and breast cancer

▪ Author : B Benassi, M Fenech
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 6: Miscellaneous
▪ Content : Background - Alcohol abuse is associated with an increase in risk for a variety of cancers. The specific association between alcohol consumption and increased risk of breast cancer has been a consistent finding in numerous studies to date however the biological mechanism remains unknown.Objective - One possibility is that alcohol induces genome instability including specific pathological events commonly seen in breast cancer, such as chromosome 17 aneuploidy and/or HER2-neu gene amplification.
93

Prevalence of general and central obesity in Zahedan university of medical sciences students, Iran

▪ Author : Z Mortazavi, S Mahnaz
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Aims: Obesity is a major nutritional and public health problem linked to poor health outcomes. An index that can be used for overweight and obesity is the body mass index (BMI). BMI is used as an index for determining the total body fatness or general obesity. In determining the risk factors for health, both amount and location of adipose tissue is important. For evaluation of central obesity, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can be used. To highlight the importance to young people’s health, we studied BMI and WHR of students at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
94

The relationship between maternal anthropometric measurement and birth weight

▪ Author : F Mortazavi, TK Zadeh
▪ Keyword : Clinical nutrition: diagnosis and management
▪ Content : Introduction: Birth weight is believed to be directly related to maternal nutritional status. In developing countries, monitoring gestational weight gain involves considerable difficulties due to poor health services. Moreover, there is lack of information about pre-pregnancy. Weight under these circumstances, screening with measurement that require only one contact with the mother, such as weight for height and mid upper arm circumference, can be a very helpful and efficient means of assessing maternal nutritional status. The purpose of the present study is too examine the relationship between maternal W.F.H and M.U.A.C with birth weight.
95

Effect of a soy supplement on spontaneous atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor knock out (LDLR -/--) mice

▪ Author : A Mortensen, K Pilegaard, H Frandsen, V Breinholt
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Dietary isoflavones with estrogenic activity (phytoestrogens) may be an alternative to hormone replacement therapy in prevention of cardiovascular disease for postmenopausal women. In order to investigate the effect of an isoflavone rich soy supplement on blood lipids and atherosclerosis, twenty 6-week old female LDLR-/-- mice, with plasma cholesterol 6.72mM, and triglycerides 1.81 mM, received a standard diet (control, N=10) or 1% soy supplement added to the standard diet (N-10) for 5 weeks followed by addition of 0.02% cholesterol to the respective diets for 18 weeks.
96

Investigation of the effect of lignans on murine mammary gland differentiation in TG.NK mice

▪ Author : A Mortensen, F Kramer, RH Lindecrona, IK Sorensen
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cancer
▪ Content : Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in the Western World. Phytoestrogens as lignans and isoflavonoids are suggested to protect against mammary cancer due to their estrogenic activities. Lignans are produced by intestinal flora from precursors primarily found in flaxseed and to a lesser degree in whole grain cereals, berries and nuts.
97

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of diet prescription among university students of Ahwaz, Iran

▪ Author : SMHM Jazayeri
▪ Keyword : The merging of neurobehavioural and nutritional sciences
▪ Content : Objective: This study was conducted to determine KAP of diet prescription among male and female university students of Ahwaz, one of the 7 major cities of Iran. Design: KAP quetionnaires which contained information about nutrients, food groups, weight loss/gain and obesity were completed by students.
98

Effects of breakfast on memory in healthy young adults

▪ Author : SMH Mosavi Jazayeri, R Amani, NK Mugahi
▪ Keyword : The merging of neurobehavioural and nutritional sciences
▪ Content : Background: Carbohydrate and protein drinks have been shown to improve memory in healthy young adults at breakfast. However whether these effects are related to elevations in blood glucose or to provision of energy or to taste stimulation is unknown.
99

Study of leek (Allium porrum. L) extract on cholesterol plasma levels in hyperlipidemic animals

▪ Author : A Movahedian, A Ghannadi, H Sadeghi, M Gharavi, S Azarpajhoh
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting large and medium-sized arteries and remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. It is now well documented that there is a causal relationship between increased serum lipid levels and the development of atherosclerotic disease.
100

Examining effectiveness of Ahmadreza Movahedi’s metabolic theory and model for weight control

▪ Author : A Movahedi
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : Is it possible to establish a dietary program for weight loss or gain in which hypothalamus may not be stimulated in decline or increase Basal Metabolic Rate? The purpose of this study was to examine Ahmadreza Movahedi’s metabolic theory and model for weight control. 18 healthy males and females (25 to 50 years old) were assigned to three groups.
101

Estimation of risk for developing cardiac problem in patients of Type2 Diabetes as obtained by the technique of density estimation

▪ Author : A Mukherjee, A Mathur, R Mittal, NC Saxena
▪ Keyword : Nutrition and cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : In a hospital-based study conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research in 1989-92, 4637 patients of Type2 Diabetes (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) were enrolled. Various biochemical investigations and electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out on the patients at regular intervals.
102

The efficacy of phytase in corn soybean meal based broiler diets

▪ Author : NGA Mulyantini, A Kumar, J Sands, WL Bryden
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations
▪ Content : Background - To overcome the inability of poultry to utilise phosphorus bound to phytate in plant feed ingredients, phytase of microbial origin is added to poultry diets. This has the added advantage of reducing phosphorus build up in manure. Objective - To examine the efficacy of two commercial phytase sources on the performance of broiler chickens fed corn soybean meal based diets.
103

Responding to the dual burden of nutritional diseases

▪ Author : R Beaghlehole
▪ Keyword : Invited Speakers
▪ Content : The dual burden of nutritional diseases encompasses the problems caused by malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies and the chronic, noncommunicable diseases of adults. The rapidity of the nutritional transition means that many low and middle income countries must now respond to both sets of diseases.
104

Lack of effect of sugar cane and sunflower seed policosanols on plasma cholesterol in rabbits

▪ Author : KJ Murphy, DA Saint, PRC Howe
▪ Keyword : SA Poster Presentations
▪ Content : Background- Policosanol, a mixture of high molecular weight primary aliphatic alcohols from sugar cane (SCP), has been shown to be safe and effective at lowering blood cholesterol when administered in low (pharmacological) doses (5-20 mg/day) to experimental animals, healthy patients and patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Objective- We attempted to see whether a similar product derived from winteriser cake containing policosanols during sunflower oil production (SFP) has cholesterol-lowering potential.
105

Development and evaluation of foods enriched with omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids from fish oil

▪ Author : K Murphy, J Mansour, C Patch, T Mori, B Meyer, L Tapsell, M Noakes, P Clifton, I Puddey, P Howe
▪ Keyword : NSA Concurrent Oral Session 4: Lipids
▪ Content : Background- Consumption of fish or fish oils rich in very long chain (VLC) ω3 reduce cardiovascular (CV) disease by acting on risk factors such as blood clotting, hypertension, blood triglycerides or loss of compliance in blood vessels. Objectives- To determine whether a 1g/d target intake for VLC ω3 can be sustained using ω3 enriched processed foods; and if regular consumption of these foods can improve CV health.
106

The Impact of environmental lead poisoning on iron and haemoglobin status in Kenya

▪ Author : JM Mutuku, AO Makokha, GM Kenji, FM Mathooko
▪ Keyword : Food, the environment and health, econutrition
▪ Content : Lead is an environmental and public health hazard of global proportions with leaded petrol causing more widespread human exposure to lead than any other single source. This is particularly the case in Kenya, where the major transport mode is by motor vehicles.
107

The effect of red wine polyphenols on cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women

▪ Author : M Naissides, S Pal, AP James, JCL Mamo
▪ Keyword : NSA Poster Presentations
▪ Content : Background - Moderate consumption of red wine has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk , although presently, the mechanisms are unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of red wine are due to the alcohol or polyphenolic components. In this study we have investigated the effects of dealcoholised red wine and full compliment red wine on several cardiovascular risk factors in mildly dyslipidemic postmenopausal women.
108

Biochemical measurements and anthropometry as indicators of nutritonal status measuring the prevalence of malnutrition in primary school children living in an informal settlement

▪ Author : C Napier, W Oldewage-Theron
▪ Keyword : Food and the child
▪ Content : The main objective of this study was to determine the level of malnutrition in a primary school (aged six to 13 years old) in an informal settlement to gather information for planning and implementing a school feeding programme. Blood was drawn from 80 children. Quantitative Food Frequency questionnaires were completed in an interview situation with the parents (n=80).
109

Food intake and physical activity patterns of obese children in primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

▪ Author : Nawalyah AG, Bong HL
▪ Keyword : Obesity
▪ Content : The purpose of this study is to determine the food intake patterns and physical activities among Chinese obese children in primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. In this study, 60 obese school children were selected, 36 of them were males and 24 were females. The ages of the students were between 10 and 11 years old. This study was a cross-sectional study.
110

Metabolic complications of obesity

▪ Author : P Nestel
▪ Keyword : metabolic, obesity
▪ Content : The metabolic syndrome (MS) is the major adverse consequence of overweight and obesity. The high rate of conversion to diabetes and the high risk of developing clinical coronary heart disease emphasise the importance of identifying such individuals and treating the syndrome. Although recognised several decades ago, its rapid increased prevalence across the globe has elevated MS into a high priority public health issue.
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