Online First

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic foot ulcers, micronutrient status, vitamins, micronutrients

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Micronutrient status encompasses a range of indicators that reflect the levels and balance of macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins within the body. These essential substances, required in minimal amounts, are crucial for supporting normal physiological processes, immune system functioning, and tissue repair. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize data on the deficiency or excess of microelements, macroelements, and vitamins in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods and Study Design: Databases were searched for studies on vitamin, macronutrient, micronutrient levels and their impact on the course, treatment and healing of diabetic foot ulcers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was employed for assessing randomized trials, while the Newca...

▪ Keyword : dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota and liver are closely linked, and disruption of the gut–liver axis has been associated with various conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM), a recently developed measure of gut microbiota variety, has not been researched in connection with NAFLD. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 12,910 eligible participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018 by adjusting for covariates. Dietary recall data were used to calculate the DI-GM (including components beneficial and unfavorable to gut microbiota). Multiple logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used.

▪ Keyword : FSMP, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, cancer patient, RCT

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cancer patients at nutritional risk have a worse prognosis, but this can be improved by nutritional support. Food for special medical purposes (FSMP), as a new form of nutritional support, needs to be further evaluated for its safety and efficacy in these patients. Our study elucidate the impact of FSMP on nutritional status and sarcopenia among nutritional risk cancer outpatients by assessing the NRS2002 score, exercise performance, muscle mass, and inflammatory factors pre- and postintervention. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled interventional study. Patients from the oncology Clinic with nutritional risk were randomly allocated to the control group or the FSMP group and received oral intervention f...

▪ Keyword : early enteral nutrition, late enteral nutrition, surgical intensive care unit, nutritional status, clinical outcomes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of early enteral nutrition (within 48 h) and late enteral nutrition (after 48 h; control) in improving the nutritional status of surgical intensive care unit patients. Methods and Study Design: This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data from 82 patients (age > 18 years) who were admitted to surgical intensive care units between June and November 2019. Patients who received enteral nutrition for >7 days were included in this study, and those who received total parenteral nutrition or palliative care were excluded.

▪ Keyword : multivitamin-mineral supplementation, acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURIs), period prevalence, severity, real-world study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections (AURIs) are limited in Chinese populations. This study evaluated the impact of routine MVM use on AURI prevalence and symptom severity in a community-based Chinese cohort. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted among community-based populations across China (n=3,415). Using a structured questionnaire, participants self-reported episodes of AURIs over three months. Based on regular use of MVM for at least 3 months, eligible participants were categorized into the MVM group and the control group. The impact of MVM on the frequency and severity of AURIs was assessed. Rigorous methodological approaches wer...

▪ Keyword : hypertension, fatty diets, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), unsaturated fats

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with dietary fats playing a critical role in its regulation. While unsaturated fats are associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction, saturated and trans fats may exacerbate hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of various fatty diets on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and identify dietary patterns most effective for BP management. Methods and Study Design: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception to February 2025) identified randomized clinical trials and observational studies assessing dietary fats' effects on BP. Twenty-five studies (n=14,522 participants) met inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to...

▪ Keyword : critically ill patients, enteral nutrition, feeding intolerance, risk prediction model, systematic evaluation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition (EN). Of these, feeding intolerance (FI) is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or cessation of EN. This study aims to evaluate risk prediction models for feeding intolerance (FI) in critically ill patients receiving EN by searching major public databases. Methods and Study Design: We searched for relevant studies in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and cqvip.com up until January 2024. Two researchers independently conducted the screening and data extraction processes, and the quality of the literature was assessed using bias risk assessment tools.

▪ Keyword : obesity, nutrition therapy, time-restricted eating, weight loss, intermittent fasting

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide. The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet; however, alternative approaches are needed. This study aimed to compare time-restricted eating (TRE), a method that can be easily conveyed and applied in over-coming obesity, to six meals diet. Methods and Study Design: A total of 174 participants aged 18-65, BMI>25 kg/m2 were included, with 88 participants in the time-restricted eating group and 86 participants in the six-meal group. Diet lists with similar calorie, macro counts suitable for their respective groups were prepared. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood tests were analyzed before the study and at the end of the 8-we...

▪ Keyword : anemia, nutritional, non-nutritional, iron deficiency, thalassemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Anemia is a major health problem worldwide, with complex etiologies and significantly affecting the quality of life and health outcomes. In Indonesia, anemia is a public health concern with a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and infectious disease factors. The prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia from 2007 to 2018. This study aims to explore factors contributing to anemia in Indonesia. Methods and Study Design: We used archived data from various population studies collected between 1995 and 2023. A total of 5,486 subjects from 17 study populations in Indonesia were included in the analyses.

▪ Keyword : irritable bowel disease, FODMAP, diet therapy, treatment response, predictive markers

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is an effective dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet up to 50% of patients fail to respond adequately. Identifying reliable predictors of response could optimise treatment selection and improve treatment outcomes while avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions. This narrative review examines current evidence for predictors of response to the low FODMAP diet and highlights gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to develop clinically useful indicators for routine practice. Methods and Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the low FODMAP diet, and studies investigating factors that may predict treatment response, including clinical, diagnostic, biological...

▪ Keyword : Lifestyle modification, silymarin, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, meta-analysis. Mediterranean hypocaloric diet.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of silymarin or its combination with lifestyle modifications, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, and medications for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods and Study Design: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrails.gov were used to identify relevant studies. The treatment arm was silymarin or its combination with Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, or lifestyle modifications. The comparators were placebo, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, and lifestyle modifications.

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, refeeding syndrome (RS), occurrence, risk factors, Malaysia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by significant electrolyte and fluid imbalances, posing a considerable risk in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, risk factors, severity, and complications of RS in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective observational study was conducted using universal sampling from October to December 2023. Data were collected for adult patients receiving PN for more than 48 hours between July 2022 and July 2023 at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz.

▪ Keyword : sleep quality, sleep duration, plant-based diet, cognitive function, the elderly

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the relationship between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in the elderly, addressing the challenges of global aging. Methods and Study Design: Using data from the 2005 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), dietary patterns through a short-form FFQ, and sleep duration and quality via self-report measures. A Cox regression model analyzed the associations between sleep, plant-based diet, and cognitive function, with mediating effect analysis to explore these relationships further.

▪ Keyword : perimenopause, chronic heart failure, nutritional intervention, prognosis prediction, prognostic factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Menopausal women with chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibit unique physiological characteristics and prognostic features. The aim of this study is to analyze the significant predictive factors for the prognosis of chronic heart failure in menopausal women and the impact of different nutritional interventions on prognosis. Methods and Study Design: A total of 270 menopausal women with CHF were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups based on the nutritional intervention received.

▪ Keyword : triglyceride and glucose index, atrial fibrillation, systematic review, exposure-effect, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). As a reliable indicator of IR, the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been extensively studied in relation to AF. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and AF through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and Study Design: We systematically searched studies published up to August 2024 in online databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and the China National Knowledge Internet database. Seventeen studies involving 57,213 patients were included in the analysis. A random-effects model and exposure-effect analysis were used to calculate the pooled effect estimate and compute the linear trend.

▪ Keyword : nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, nutritional diagnosis tools, CiteSpace, visual analytics

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutrition is important in promoting health and preventing disease, while malnutrition can exacerbate disease symptoms and lead to adverse clinical outcomes in patients. The process of nutritional diagnosis and treatment includes nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, and nutritional therapy. This study aims to understand the number of publications, cooperation of research subjects, progress of research content, and research hotspots of nutritional risk screening and assessment, and then identify the future trends and directions of global nutritional screening. Methods and Study Design: Articles on nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment and application of nutritional diagnostic tools were identified from the Web of Science and the col...

▪ Keyword : GLIM criteria, ESPEN criteria, malnutrition, good outcome, nutritionDay

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status of hospitalized Chinese patients according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria and to identify the effects of nutritional characteristics and nutritional support on clinical good outcome. Methods and Study Design: Inpatients participated in Chinese nutritionDay 2010-2020 surveys were included. Malnutrition was defined according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria after being risk evaluated by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Cumulative incidence curves were plotted for 30-day good outcomes in patients according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria.

▪ Keyword : hypertension, riboflavin, MTHFR 677TT genotype, older adults, case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The incidence of hypertension is higher in individuals with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype. Riboflavin serves as a coenzyme of MTHFR, but its role in hypertension prevalence is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between riboflavin levels and hypertension and the impact of genotype on this relationship. Methods and Study Design: The case-control study used data from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition study, with 200 hypertensive patients and 200 matched non-hypertensive controls. It collected questionnaires, clinical data, and measured blood riboflavin levels using the dried blood spot technique.

▪ Keyword : the elderly, Life’s Essential 8, hyperuricemia, RCS, CHNS

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive indicator that evaluates cardiovascular health (CVH). There have been limited studies on the relationship between LE8 and hyperuricemia (HUA). This study explored the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA among elderly people in China. Methods and Study Design: The subjects were the elderly aged 60 and over who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018. The definition of American Heart Association (AHA) was used to measure the score of LE8. Multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA.

▪ Keyword : weight-adjusted-waist index, serum ferritin, hyperferritinemia, type 2 diabetes; obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the correlation between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a novel obesity index, and serum ferritin (SF) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the association between WWI and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia. Methods and Study Design: A total of 943 patients with T2DM were divided into three groups based on WWI tertile levels. Disparities in SF levels and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia were compared among these groups. The correlations among WWI, SF levels, and hyperferritinemia were analyzed in patients with T2DM.

▪ Keyword : dietary assessment, Food Frequency questionnaire, FFQ, validity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Repeating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) within the same population was reported to improve the validity of correlation coefficient (CC). However, the enhancement of validity in ranking agreement remains underreported. Herein, we assessed the validity of energy and nutrient intake estimates using single and multiple FFQs and their ability to rank individuals. Methods and Study Design: 213 men and women aged ≥20 years were recruited from the residents participating in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project (TMM) cohort studies; three FFQs were conducted in November each year from 2019 to 2021, with 12-day weighted food records (WFRs) as the reference method. Spearman’s rank CCs were calculated between single or multiple FFQs estimates and those obtained ...

▪ Keyword : acrodermatitis enteropathica, acquired zinc deficiency, zinc gluconate, skin biopsy, total parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), a rare dermatological condition, often stems from nutritional zinc deficiency linked to prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). This study aims to explore the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment approaches for AE, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention. Methods and Study Design: A 51-year-old female patient with acquired AE presented with widespread erythema, pustules, and itching. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including various tests and skin biopsy pathology, confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment involved zinc gluconate supplementation, topical applications, and symptomatic TPN support.

▪ Keyword : behavioural interventions, obesity, lifestyle intervention, weight loss, weight maintenance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Behavioural strategies can promote adherence to intensive lifestyle treatments for obesity. This study aimed to explore effective behavioural strategies for weight maintenance in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. Methods and Study Design: Retrospective analysis of weight maintenance data was conducted. Patients with overweight or obesity, who had received a 3-month weight loss and behavioural intervention, were asked to complete questionnaires to monitor compliance with behavioural strategies after the weight loss.

▪ Keyword : sleeve gastrectomy, obesity, weight loss, dietary habits, Saudi Arabia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a commonly utilized surgical procedure for managing weight and patients must adopt healthy lifestyle practices and dietary modifications to sustain weight loss and prevent relapse. This study aims to evaluate the dietary habits, levels of physical activity, and weight outcomes among Saudi women post-gastric sleeve surgery. Methods and Study Design: This study involved 352 female participants aged 20 to 50, who had undergone gastric sleeve surgery. The Bariatric Patients Association, Bariatric World and Patients Forum were also used and contacted via phone.

▪ Keyword : home enteral nutrition, tube feeding, family caregivers, tube feeding management, nutrition follow-up service

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Globally, there is an increasing trend in the number of individuals utilizing home enteral nutrition (HEN). In China, HEN is currently at a nascent stage. We aim to investigate the current situation of home enteral tube feeding (HETF) caregivers to provide more convenient services and assistance to them in China. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a questionnaire survey among family caregivers of enteral tube feeding patients preparing for hospital discharge to assess their awareness, needs, and preferences for resources.

▪ Keyword : artificial intelligence, machine learning, nutritional risk, ICU, critical illness

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Critically ill patients require individualized nutrition support, with assessment tools like Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill scores. Challenges in continuous nutrition care prompt the need for innovative solutions. This study develops an artificial intelligence assisted nutrition risk evaluation model using explainable machine learning to support intensive care unit dietitians. Methods and Study Design: Ethical approval was obtained for a retrospective analysis of 2,122 patients. Nutrition risk assessment involved six dietitians, with 1,994 patients assessed comprehensively. Artificial intelligence models and shapley additive explanations analysis were used to predict and understand nutrition risk.

▪ Keyword : Graves’ disease, micronutrient, mendelian randomization, single nucleotide polymorphism, casual relationship

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Exploring the effects of circulating micronutrients on Graves' disease (GD) through observational research or randomized controlled trials has drawn more attention. In order to investigate the putative causal inference, we provide an illustrative estimate of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods and Study Design: Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary approach to determine the causal relationships between micronutrients level and GD. Several complementary sensitivity analyses were also undertaken to evaluate the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions. In addition, we utilized cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the differences in the prevalen...

▪ Keyword : gastrointestinal surgery, malnutrition, gastric cancer, colon cancer, anorectal cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are at high risk for malnutrition because of reduced food intake, poor digestion, and altered absorption. Methods and Study Design: In a retrospective review of medical records for patients admitted to urban hospitals in an Asian nation for GI tumor surgery (gastric, colon, or anorectal cancers), we found that malnutrition was common yet often overlooked. Our review identified records for 349 adult GI-tumor surgery patients. The Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) was the most frequently used screening instrument.

▪ Keyword : hemodialysis, low-protein supplements, protein-energy wasting, nutritional status, malnutrition inflammation score

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and is strongly associated with mortality and adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effects of low-protein energy supplements on the nutritional status of MHD patients with PEW. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial in 68 MHD patients suffering from PEW. Patients randomized to the intervention group received dietary counseling along with daily low-protein supplements containing 212 kcal of energy and 2.4 g of protein every day for 3 months. The control group received dietary counseling only. Dietary data, nutritional assessments, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood analysis were collect...

▪ Keyword : male osteoporosis, TyG, TyG-BMI, cohort study, old people

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obese and diabetic individuals tend to have insulin resistance, but are less likely to develop osteoporosis. The association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related indices with osteoporosis remains controversial, and longitudinal evidence exploring the male osteoporosis (MOP) is limited. This study aims to examine TyG, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) with osteoporosis risk among older men. Methods and Study Design: A cohort study based on 1622 middle-aged and older men in 2015 was conducted, and followed up until 2022. Participants with osteoporosis and admittedly secondary risk factors were excluded. TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR and corresponding quantiles were calculated.

▪ Keyword : children, iodine, thyroid, BSA, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid volume (TVOL) and physical development of children, and explore the suitable TVOL correction methods. Methods and Study Design: 1500 children aged 8-10 years from Gansu Province northwest China were selected. The height (H), weight (W), urine iodine of children was measured and their thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and TVOL were calculated (BSA was calculated by three formulas), and the relationship between TVOL and age, sex, physical development was analyzed. The applicability of TVOL correction methods including BMI corrected volume (BMIV), BSA corrected volume (BSAV), weight and height corrected volume indicator (WHVI) and height corrected volum...

▪ Keyword : cow’s milk protein allergy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention

▪ Content : Cow’s milk protein allergy is an adverse immune reaction to proteins found in cow’s milk, primarily casein and whey, affecting artificially fed, breastfed and mixed-fed infants. The immunological mechanisms involved lead to diverse clinical presentations, most commonly impacting the digestive and respiratory systems, as well as the skin. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical evaluation due to the absence of specific diagnostic tests, making accurate identification crucial to prevent misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis.

▪ Keyword : Chinese middle-aged, healthy aging, dietary quality, health awareness, nutritional supplements and fortified foods

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the nutritional challenges and its influencing factors of adults aged 40-69 living in Chinese cities. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 300 subjects from 29 cities in China. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, presence of chronic disease, and the use of nutritional supplements and fortified foods. 24-hour food intake was recorded using the Eat-Right Assistant, a validated digital service.

▪ Keyword : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the amelioration of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. Methods and Study Design: Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systema

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the amelioration of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. Methods and Study Design: Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The primary outcome: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG). Secondary outcomes included: BMI, fasting insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment−Insulin Resistance (HOMA−IR). We performed a random−effects dose−response meta−analysis to estimate mean differences (MD...

▪ Keyword : Japanese diet, dietary quality, dietary reference intakes, nutritional survey, nutrient adequacy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition. In Japan, a meal combining staple food, main dish, and side dish is considered a balanced diet. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food, main dish, and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults. All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture.

▪ Keyword : Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, triglyceride-glucose index

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the predictive power of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for poor prognosis in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients’ post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Study Design: A cohort of 393 NSTE-ACS patients who underwent PCI at the People’s Hospital of Nanjing Jiangbei from 2016 to 2022 was analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, served as the primary outcome.

▪ Keyword : osteoporosis, serum albumin, geriatric nutrition risk index, Chinese elderly men, nested case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. We aim to assess the relationship between serum albumin with geriatric nutritional risk index and osteopenia in Chinese elderly men. Methods and Study Design: This is a nested case-control study from a prospective cohort enrolled 1109 individuals who were followed for seven years. Demographic data, medical history, signs and symptoms, and laboratory parameters were collected and analysed. Nutritional status and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were assessed.