Issue 4

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic foot ulcers, micronutrient status, vitamins, micronutrients

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Micronutrient status encompasses a range of indicators that reflect the levels and balance of macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins within the body. These essential substances, required in minimal amounts, are crucial for supporting normal physiological processes, immune system functioning, and tissue repair. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize data on the deficiency or excess of microelements, macroelements, and vitamins in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods and Study Design: Databases were searched for studies on vitamin, macronutrient, micronutrient levels and their impact on the course, treatment and healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

▪ Keyword : triglyceride and glucose index, atrial fibrillation, systematic review, exposure-effect, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). As a reliable indicator of IR, the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been extensively studied in relation to AF. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and AF through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and Study Design: We systematically searched studies published up to August 2024 in online databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and the China National Knowledge Internet database. Seventeen studies involving 57,213 patients were included in the analysis. A random-effects model and exposure-effect analysis were used to calculate the pooled effect estimate and compute the linear trend.

▪ Keyword : lifestyle modification, silymarin, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, meta-analysis, Mediterranean hypocaloric diet

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of silymarin or its combination with lifestyle modifications, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, and medications for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods and Study Design: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrails.gov were used to identify relevant studies. The treatment arm was silymarin or its combination with Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, or lifestyle modifications. The comparators were placebo, Mediterranean hypocaloric diets, medications, and lifestyle modifications.

▪ Keyword : dietitian, nutritionist, education, registration, accreditation

▪ Content : The education and accreditation system of dietitian-nutritionists has gone through various changes throughout the years. These systems are important to produce competent nutrition professionals. Standardization attempts have been done internationally by the International Confederation of Dietetic Associations. Many countries have developed their own standards to educate and accredit nutrition professionals to ensure the quality of the nutrition and dietetic profession. Through internet and database searching, this paper aims to review and describe the education requirements and accreditation system of nutrition professionals in Indonesia and compare it to other countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Si...

▪ Keyword : hypertension, fatty diets, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), unsaturated fats

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with dietary fats playing a critical role in its regulation. While unsaturated fats are associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction, saturated and trans fats may exacerbate hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of various fatty diets on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and identify dietary patterns most effective for BP management. Methods and Study Design: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception to February 2025) identified randomized clinical trials and observational studies assessing dietary fats' effects on BP. Twenty-five studies (n=14,522 participants) met inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to...

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, refeeding syndrome (RS), occurrence, risk factors, Malaysia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Refeeding syndrome (RS) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by significant electrolyte and fluid imbalances, posing a considerable risk in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, risk factors, severity, and complications of RS in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective observational study was conducted using universal sampling from October to December 2023. Data were collected for adult patients receiving PN for more than 48 hours between July 2022 and July 2023 at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz.

▪ Keyword : perimenopause, chronic heart failure, nutritional intervention, prognosis prediction, prognostic factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Menopausal women with chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibit unique physiological characteristics and prognostic features. The aim of this study is to analyze the significant predictive factors for the prognosis of chronic heart failure in menopausal women and the impact of different nutritional interventions on prognosis. Methods and Study Design: A total of 270 menopausal women with CHF were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups based on the nutritional intervention received. Analyze the significant predictive factors of all-cause mortality, readmission rate, deterioration of cardiac function, deterioration of nutritional status, and deterioration of quality of life, as well as the impact of nutritional intervention on these prognoses. Build a ris...

▪ Keyword : FSMP, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, cancer patient, RCT

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cancer patients at nutritional risk have a worse prognosis, but this can be improved by nutritional support. Food for special medical purposes (FSMP), as a new form of nutritional support, needs to be further evaluated for its safety and efficacy in these patients. Our study elucidate the impact of FSMP on nutritional status and sarcopenia among nutritional risk cancer outpatients by assessing the NRS2002 score, exercise performance, muscle mass, and inflammatory factors pre- and postintervention. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled interventional study. Patients from the oncology clinic with nutritional risk were randomly allocated to the control group or the FSMP group and received oral intervention f...

▪ Keyword : critically ill patients, enteral nutrition, feeding intolerance, risk prediction model, systematic evaluation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition (EN). Of these, feeding intolerance (FI) is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or cessation of EN. This study aims to evaluate risk prediction models for feeding intolerance (FI) in critically ill patients receiving EN by searching major public databases. Methods and Study Design: We searched for relevant studies in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and cqvip.com up until January 2024. Two researchers independently conducted the screening and data extraction processes, and the quality of the literature was assessed using bias risk assessment tools.

▪ Keyword : obesity, nutrition therapy, time-restricted eating, weight loss, intermittent fasting

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity and obesity-related diseases is increasing worldwide. The widely accepted approach in the dietary treatment of obesity is the calorie-restricted six meal diet; however, alternative approaches are needed. This study aimed to compare time-restricted eating (TRE), a method that can be easily conveyed and applied in over-coming obesity, to six meals diet. Methods and Study Design: A total of 174 participants aged 18-65, BMI>25 kg/m2 were included, with 88 participants in the time-restricted eating group and 86 participants in the six-meal group. Diet lists with similar calorie, macro counts suitable for their respective groups were prepared. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood tests were analyzed before the study and at the end of the 8-we...

▪ Keyword : multivitamin-mineral supplementation, acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURIs), period prevalence, severity, real-world study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections (AURIs) are limited in Chinese populations. This study evaluated the impact of routine MVM use on AURI prevalence and symptom severity in a community-based Chinese cohort. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted among community-based populations across China (n=3,415). Using a structured questionnaire, participants self-reported episodes of AURIs over three months. Based on regular use of MVM for at least 3 months, eligible participants were categorized into the MVM group and the control group. The impact of MVM on the frequency and severity of AURIs was assessed. Rigorous methodological approaches wer...

▪ Keyword : early enteral nutrition, late enteral nutrition, surgical intensive care unit, nutritional status, clinical outcomes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of early enteral nutrition (within 48 h) and late enteral nutrition (after 48 h; control) in improving the nutritional status of surgical intensive care unit patients. Methods and Study Design: This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data from 82 patients (age > 18 years) who were admitted to surgical intensive care units between June and November 2019. Patients who received enteral nutrition for >7 days were included in this study, and those who received total parenteral nutrition or palliative care were excluded.

▪ Keyword : hypertension, riboflavin, MTHFR 677TT genotype, older adults, case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The incidence of hypertension is higher in individuals with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype. Riboflavin serves as a coenzyme of MTHFR, but its role in hypertension prevalence is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between riboflavin levels and hypertension and the impact of genotype on this relationship. Methods and Study Design: The case-control study used data from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition study, with 200 hypertensive patients and 200 matched non-hypertensive controls. It collected questionnaires, clinical data, and measured blood riboflavin levels using the dried blood spot technique. Conditional logistic regression analyzed variables related to hypertension prevalence, with eff...

▪ Keyword : vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid, latent tuberculosis infection, adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat worldwide, but most of the presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and some of them will progress to active tuberculosis. Vitamin B-12 is crucial to maintain immune function, and play a role in the metabolism of MTB, while few studies investigated the impact of vitamin B-12 deficiency on tuberculosis. Therefore, we carried out the study to explore the association between vitamin B-12 deficiency and LTBI using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using data from NHANES 2011-2012. Adults (aged ≥18 years) who had avai...

▪ Keyword : dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), NHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota and liver are closely linked, and disruption of the gut–liver axis has been associated with various conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM), a recently developed measure of gut microbiota variety, has not been researched in connection with NAFLD. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 12,910 eligible participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018 by adjusting for covariates. Dietary recall data were used to calculate the DI-GM (including components beneficial and unfavorable to gut microbiota). Multiple logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used.

▪ Keyword : Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), 24-hour dietary recall survey (24hDR), usual intake, dynamic programming, validity test

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To establish a new method for developing an efficient and region-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), and to make it a simple, effective and widely applicable measurement tool, this study takes Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as a case study. Methods and Study Design: For 129 common food items, an initial food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall survey (24hDR) are constructed, and a variety of methods are combined to improve the convenience and credibility of the questionnaire itself in the inspection process, and the reliability and validity test are carried out.

▪ Keyword : GLIM criteria, ESPEN criteria, malnutrition, good outcome, nutritionDay

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status of hospitalized Chinese patients according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria and to identify the effects of nutritional characteristics and nutritional support on clinical good outcome. Methods and Study Design: Inpatients participated in Chinese nutritionDay 2010-2020 surveys were included. Malnutrition was defined according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria after being risk evaluated by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Cumulative incidence curves were plotted for 30-day good outcomes in patients according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria. Cox regression models were used to determine the factors a...

▪ Keyword : the elderly, Life’s Essential 8, hyperuricemia, RCS, CHNS

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive indicator that evaluates cardiovascular health (CVH). There have been limited studies on the relationship between LE8 and hyperuricemia (HUA). This study explored the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA among elderly people in China. Methods and Study Design: The subjects were the elderly aged 60 and over who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018. The definition of American Heart Association (AHA) was used to measure the score of LE8. Multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between LE8 and HUA.

▪ Keyword : sleep quality, sleep duration, plant-based diet, cognitive function, the elderly

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the relationship between sleep, plant-based diets, and cognitive function in the elderly, addressing the challenges of global aging. Methods and Study Design: Using data from the 2005 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), dietary patterns through a short-form FFQ, and sleep duration and quality via self-report measures. A Cox regression model analyzed the associations between sleep, plant-based diet, and cognitive function, with mediating effect analysis to explore these relationships further.