Volume 16 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : coronary heart disease, primary risk factors, nutrition, women

▪ Content : Cardiovascular disease claims more than 500,000 women per year, making this disease the number one killer of women. Coronary heart disease in developed countries can be used as a representative classification when discussing cardiovascular disease management.

▪ Keyword : Obesity, body mass index, anthropometry, adolescent, Vietnam

▪ Content : Objective: To assess the nutritional status of adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, and in particular determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents across different sub groups, based on gender, household economic status and geographic location. Design: A cross-sectional survey based on a two-stage cluster sampling design. Setting: Secondary high schools in Ho Chi Minh City.

▪ Keyword : food-based intervention, malnutrition, India, Indigenous Peoples, Dalit

▪ Content : Intakes of energy, protein, iron and vitamin A in India are usually reported as inadequate. Recognizing that traditional food systems are sustainable, high in species variety, and have rich nutrient sources, we compared dietary intakes and nutrient sources of Dalit mothers and their children living in villages with and without an intervention based on improved access to the traditional Dalit food system.

▪ Keyword : Vitamin A supplementation, health status, school absenteeism, school children

▪ Content : The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Vitamin A supplementation on health status and absenteeism of school children. A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial over a period of 13 months was conducted in a rural area of Sri Lanka involving 613 school children attending Grades 1-5 (aged 5 to 13 years).

▪ Keyword : vitamin B12, total homocysteine, folate, supplementation, India

▪ Content : People in India have a high prevalence of low vitamin BB 12 status and high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations. In a proof of principle trial, we studied the effect of oral vitamin B12 (500 µg) and/or 100 g cooked green leafy vegetables (GLV) every alternate day in a 2x2 factorial design over a 6-week period.

▪ Keyword : N-acetylneuraminic acid 6 14C, intravenous administration, brain, metabolic fate

▪ Content : Background: Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), a component of gangliosides and sialylglycoproteins, may be a conditional nutrient in early life because endogenous synthesis is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic fate of intravenously administrated N-acetylneuraminic acid 614C (sialic acid) in piglets.

▪ Keyword : NaFeEDTA, FeSO4, elementary iron, iron deficiency anemia, wheat flour

▪ Content : Objectives: To compare the effects of wheat flours fortified with NaFeEDTA, FeSO4 and elemental iron (electrolytic iron), in improving iron status in anemic students. Methods: Four hundreds anemic students (11 to 18 years old) were divided into four groups and given wheat flour fortified with different iron fortificants at different concentrations: control group (no added iron); NaFeEDTA group (20 mg Fe/kg); FeSO4 group (30 mg Fe/kg); and elemental iron group (60 mg Fe/kg).

▪ Keyword : Sodium intake, urinary sodium excretion, Salt usage behavior

▪ Content : High sodium intake is considered to be the major risk factor for hypertension but studies about sodium intake on prevention and management of hypertension is limited due to the difficulties in assessment of sodium intake.

▪ Keyword : isoflavone database, isoflavone intake, evaluation, children

▪ Content : Asian populations including Koreans are assumed to have a higher isoflavone intake due to the higher consumption of soybean. However, it is difficult to estimate isoflavone intake because there is no isoflavone database in Korea.

▪ Keyword : Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, indigenous, staple foods, beverages

▪ Content : Background: Knowledge of traditional African foods and food habits has been, and continues to be, systematically extirpated. With the primary intent of collating data for our online collection documenting traditional African foods and food habits (available at: www.healthyeatingclub.com/Africa/), we reviewed the Oltersdorf Collection, 75 observational investigations conducted throughout East Africa (i.e. Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) between the 1930s and 1960s as compiled by the Max Planck Nutrition Research Unit, formerly located in Bumbuli, Tanzania.

▪ Keyword : vitamin A deficiency, anemia, children urban, rural prevalence, Vietnam

▪ Content : The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of sub clinical vitamin A deficiency and anemia in Vietnamese children. For this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 40 villages (clusters) of four ecological regions in Vietnam during Apr-May 2001.

▪ Keyword : adiponectin, hypertension, blood pressure, middle-aged Korean women

▪ Content : Adiponectin, which is secreted specifically by adipose tissue, has been shown to act as an anti-atherosclerotic protein. Several studies have shown that adiponectin levels are lower in individuals with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

▪ Keyword : Nutritional status, Diet, Vitamin A, Intakes, Vitamins, Malnutrition

▪ Content : Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is the most common cause of childhood blindness in the developing world. It is estimated that by giving adequate vitamin A, in vitamin A deficient populations, child mortality from measles can be reduced by 50%, and mortality from diarrheal disease by 40%.

▪ Keyword : breastfeeding, formula feeding, cessation of breastfeeding, infants, Hong Kong

▪ Content : Breastfeeding rate has been low in Hong Kong over the last three decades. This has happened with concomitant rapid economic development and improved living standards. A population-based survey was conducted to evaluate factors influencing decision, duration and early cessation of breastfeeding in 3,204 full-term healthy infants under 6 months throughout Hong Kong in 1993.

▪ Keyword : inulin, babies, colonic microbiota, infant formula

▪ Content : Objectives: In this study we investigated the effects of native inulin in formula-fed babies. The influence of inulin on the microbial composition, pH, consistency and amount of faeces, and on frequency of defecation was assessed. Methods: In this study a daily dosage of 0.25 g/kg/d was used: 3 weeks of inulin consumption were followed by 3 weeks without or vice versa.

▪ Keyword : long-term care, aged, Australia, nutritional status, bone density

▪ Content : The risk of malnutrition is high among elderly population, yet few studies have measured indicators of nutritional status among Australian aged-care residents. To determine the relationship between nutritional status and bone density, hand grip strength, and the timed-up and go test, in a group of Australian aged-care residents.

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus, Asia, Pacific Islands, prevalence, cardiovascular disease

▪ Content : The aims of this study were to obtain the most recent representative data for the prevalence of diabetes in adult populations in the World Health Organisation’s South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions and to quantify the contribution of diabetes to the burden of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in these regions.

▪ Keyword : Japanese breast cancer mortality; partial correlation coefficient; time lag

▪ Content : This study examines the relationship between the nutrient intake, including total dietary fiber (TDF) and fat, and the age-adjusted mortality from breast cancer (MBC) in Japanese females during the period from 1948 to 2000. The information for MBC in females was based on the data in Vital Statistics of Japan.

▪ Keyword : review, book

▪ Content : Oxford Handbook of Nutrition & Dietetics Published by Oxford University Press, 2006

▪ Keyword : soluble fibre, barley β-glucan, carbohydrate, glucose, insulin

▪ Content : There is growing support for the protective role of soluble fibre in type II diabetes. Soluble fibre β-glucan found in cereal products including oats and barley may be the active component.

▪ Keyword : adipose tissue, obese women, Garcinia atroviridis

▪ Content : Fifty obese women with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2 were randomly allocated into two groups, 25 in each. Group 1, with a mean (±SEM) age of 40.0±2 years, received water soluble calcium hydroxycitrate (HCA) as Garcinia atroviridis. Group 2, with a mean age of 35.6±1.8 years, received placebo.

▪ Keyword : pure curry, lipid peroxide, cytochrome P-450, glutathione peroxidase

▪ Content : To confirm the cytotoxic effect of instant curry containing combined spices on cancer cells in vivo, cancer was induced by transplanting cancer cells to mice, and the development of cancer upon feeding pure curry were examined. The concentration of lipid peroxide in the groups transplanted with cancer cells which were fed with normal feed was 19.6 nM, and it was increased as the amount of pure curry was increased.

▪ Keyword : diacylglycerol, phytosterols, cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), children

▪ Content : Background: The incidence of hyperlipidemia in children is increasing in Japan, but drug therapy for such children is limited. The ingestion of 4% phytosterols-containing diacylglycerol (PS/DAG) decreases serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in adults. In the present study, we examined the effect of PS/DAG as part of a diet therapy in pediatric patients with hyperlipidemia.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry, Aborigines, adult, lifestyle, Malaysia

▪ Content : A nutritional status survey of Orang Asli (Aboriginal) adults in Lembah Belum, Grik, has been conducted involving a total of 138 subjects. Jahai (58.7%) was the main ethnic group as compared tothat of Temiar (41.3%). Based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) characteristics, the majority (63.2%) of the respondents were normal, 26.7% underweight and 10.1% were either overweight or obese.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, diet, anthropometry, obesity, Chinese, Taiwanese immigrants in Australia

▪ Content : The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine and compare anthropometric measurements and dietary intake of Taiwanese Chinese females living in Taiwan and Australia, including any effect of length of Australian residence. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference and percent total body fat were measured and dietary intake estimated using a 7-day record. Participants were Taiwanese females without systemic disease (100 from Sydney metropolitan area, Australia, 97 from Ping-Tung County, Taiwan).

▪ Keyword : validity, reliability, body composition, bioelectric impedance analysis

▪ Content : Many laboratory-based methods exist to estimate body fat, yet few can be rapidly and easily applied to field studies. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) has developed to include portable foot-to-foot systems that can estimate body fat during field studies, but it is unclear if the data they provide are comparable to anthropometric methods traditionally used in large epidemiological fieldwork.