Volume 18 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : food crisis, NRD (Nutritionally-Related Disorder and Disease), energy, water, fertiliser

▪ Content : There are growing concerns about the health impacts of climate change with ecosystem degradation and global warming, finite reserves of non-renewable energy, water shortages in food-producing regions, limits to contemporary agriculture with its dependence on exhaustible petrochemical nitrogen and rock phosphate fertilizers, and failure of the global financial system.

▪ Keyword : marine conservation, marine fisheries, Taiwan, seafood, sustainability

▪ Content : Marine fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein for human use, especially in developing countries with coastlines. Marine fishery is also an important industry in many countries. Fifty years ago, many people believed that the ocean was so vast and so resilient that there was no way the marine environment could be changed, nor could marine fishery resources be depleted.

▪ Keyword : food safety, food for specified use (FOSHU), functional nutriology, functional food factor (FFF), food labelling

▪ Content : Distrust of food safety has grown among the Japanese people after the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE) in 2001. The Food Safety Commission was formed under the Cabinet Office and made a network among the ministries.

▪ Keyword : food waste, human health, environmental contamination, food safety, waste management

▪ Content : Economic growth inevitably influences the food chain. Growing demand with changes in lifestyle and health consciousness encourage use of packaged and pre-prepared foods. The needs of environmental protection from waste generated are largely overlooked, and a lack of knowledge about the impact on the environment and its health effects constitute food security/safety problems.

▪ Keyword : technology trade, innovative technology, technology appraisal, food technologies, food safety

▪ Content : In addition to product trade, technology trade has become one of the alternatives for globalization action around the world. Although not all technologies employed on the technology trade platform are innovative technologies, the data base of international technology trade still is a good indicator for observing innovative technologies around world.

▪ Keyword : food security, government organization, traceability, GAP, import control

▪ Content : This paper discussed the threats from farm animals to food and human security. In response to these threats, a radical reform plan was adapted by several countries and the plan includes restructure of the organization of governing agencies, implementation of a traceability system from the farm sector to end users, application of hazard control measures, as well as tightening the food import control system.

▪ Keyword : aquatic products, aquaculture, fishing moratorium, sustainability, contaminant

▪ Content : Fish (finfish or shellfish) has been classified as healthy by health professionals despite containing contaminants, since fish is high in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which have multiple beneficial health effects such as decreased risk of stroke via anti-thrombotic and vasodilative effects, increased heart rate variability, reducing serum triacylglycerol and blood pressure, anti-inflammatory activities, improving visual function, improving attention-deficit conditions/ hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenic and dementia; and may be effective in managing depression in adults.

▪ Keyword : aquaculture, Asia-Pacific region, food crisis, opportunities, constraints

▪ Content : Fish farming, now well known as aquaculture, has been well recognized since the ancient era. The first written document on fish culture was published in China in 475 BC, and the first koi pond was constructed at the Japanese Imperial Palace grounds during 71-130 AD. In recent years, aquaculture has progressively played an important role in the provision of: animal protein and gourmet cuisines, job opportunities, and foreign currency for developing countries.

▪ Keyword : nutrition security, primary health care, caloric overnutrition, natural biodiversity

▪ Content : Challenges for food and health security encompass food production and distribution, smallholder income generation, access to health care, harmful child care practices and epidemics (e.g. HIV), and tackling of the coexistence of undernutrition and caloric over-nutrition. The recently re-defined primary health care approach addresses the whole field of nutrition and health security.

▪ Keyword : global food security, Malthus, FAO, CAFOs, limits to growth

▪ Content : This is the first of two articles on the steepening challenges which confront global agriculture, food security and hence nutrition and population health. The recent deterioration in global food security has caught most experts by surprise. While the Asia Pacific region as a whole has so far fared reasonably well, there should be no complacency about medium to long term food security in the region, whether or not food security improves in the near future.

▪ Keyword : dairy, demographics, dietary quality, health, NAHSITs

▪ Content : To establish a food guide, the ‘total diet’ needs to be considered, based on prevailing patterns of food and nutrient intake; these will be culturally acceptable and recognize the prevailing social and economic conditions that affect food availability. Dairy produce is a good source of high quality protein, and provides significant amounts of vitamins and minerals. People who consume more dairy have higher intakes of calcium and vitamin B2 with less chance of deficiency.

▪ Keyword : human security, CCH-FBS, FBDGs, MDGs, Asia Pacific Region, epigenetics

▪ Content : Health is intrinsic to human security (HumS) although it is somewhat anthropocentric and about our own psychosocial and biomedical status more than various external threats. The 1994 United Nations Development Program definition of HumS includes economic, food, environmental, personal, community and political security with freedom from fear and want. Environmental factors are critical for health security (HealS), especially with widespread socio-economic difficulty, and health systems less affordable or accessible.

▪ Keyword : climate change, food security, phosphorus, peak oil, sustainability transition

▪ Content : This is the second of two articles on challenges to future food security in the Asia Pacific region. It focuses on five mechanisms, which can be conceptualised as pathways by which pessimistic Malthusian scenarios, described in the first paper, may become manifest. The mechanisms are (1) climate change, (2) water scarcity, (3) tropospheric ozone pollution, (4) impending scarcity of phosphorus and conventional oil and (5) the possible interaction between future population displacement, conflict and poor governance.

▪ Keyword : food prices, food choices, diet costs, nutritional economics, food security

▪ Content : The WHO asserts that the global food price crisis threatens public health and jeopardizes the health of the most disadvantaged groups such as women, children, the elderly and low-income families. Economic factors play a crucial role and could affect personal nutrition status and health. Economic decision factors such as food price and income do influence people’s food choices.

▪ Keyword : food insecurity, disease, mental health, health expenditure, children

▪ Content : This study investigated the association between food insecurity and Taiwanese children’s ambulatory medical care use for treating eighteen disease types linked to endocrine and metabolic disorders, nutrition, immunity, infections, asthma, mental health, injury, and poisoning. We used longitudinal data in the Taiwan National Health Insurance scheme (NHI) for 764,526 elementary children, and employed approximate NHI data to construct three indicators imputed to food insecurity: low birth weight status, economic status (poverty versus nonpoverty), and time of year (summer break time versus semester time).

▪ Keyword : health inequity, social determinants, food security

▪ Content : What, and how much, people eat is a response to their socio-political, socio-economic, socio-environmental and socio-cultural environments. Good nutrition is central to good health. Globally, health has improved for many but not for everyone equally. That food and nutrition-related health is unequally distributed is a marker of societal failure. For some individuals, communities and even nations, it is a matter of not having enough food, of being unable to afford food and there being little nutritious food readily available.

▪ Keyword : food-based nutrition, food system, food security framework, sustainable agriculture

▪ Content : Food security requires that all people can access sufficient food for a healthy life. Enough food is produced to feed the global population, but more than 1.02 billion people are malnourished. Malnutrition and chronic food insecurity are widespread in some countries of the Asia-Pacific region; as much as 20 to 60 percent of the region’s population lacks sufficient food to meet their minimum energy requirement.

▪ Keyword : food security, food safety, foodborne illness, good hygienic practice (GHP), HACCP

▪ Content : Food security plays a central role in governing agricultural policies in Taiwan. In addition to overuse or the illegal use of pesticide, meat leanness promoters, animal drugs and melamine in the food supply; as well as foodborne illness draws the greatest public concern due to incidents that occur every year in Taiwan.

▪ Keyword : gender, inequality, food, health, security

▪ Content : People rely on foods to provide energy and nutrients to sustain life and to ensure health. In the entire chain from acquiring foods to ingesting them, women contribute in unique ways to the food system. Although foods or nutrients requirements for both sexes are biologically similar in many aspects, women go through more complex life-cycles than men and may experience greater risk of nutrient deprivation due to their role to bear and to rear off-spring.

▪ Keyword : vegetarian diet, ethics, food supply, ecosystem, meat

▪ Content : While improvement in agricultural technology had enabled the production of abundant food, it has thus far failed to eliminate hunger. Malnutrition is expected to reach an all time high. Evidences have suggested that animal based diet has put immense pressure on the already fragile food system, contributing to problems in terms of global food security, health security, and environmental sustainability.

▪ Keyword : Asia-Pacific security, food security, development in Asia-Pacific, regional resilience, food prices

▪ Content : Recent dramatic increases in food prices in much of the world have caused much concern, and have even resulted in some public protests and riots. This is easy to understand given the large percentages of incomes that the poor devote to food purchases.

▪ Keyword : food, dairy, farming, drought, Australia

▪ Content : This paper seeks to shed further light on the factors contributing to the emerging global food crisis by examining the reasons for an unusual downturn in dairy food production in Australia, from where 11% of the world trade in dairy foods originates

▪ Keyword : food security, health security, North East Asia

▪ Content : Food and health security in North East Asia including South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan was compared. Because this region contains countries with many complex problems, it is worthwhile to study the current situation. With about 24% of the world’s population, all North East Asian countries supply between 2400 and 3000 Kcal of energy.

▪ Keyword : human security, food security, health security, climate change, food supply

▪ Content : As combined new factors could further complicate the food supply and health security for regional countries, new perspective on human security should be prioritized on securitizing health security in the region. In recent years, food production and supply has been affected by unpredictable climate change and unaccountable manmade factors in the region.

▪ Keyword : climate change, food security, adaptation, East Asia, UNFCCC

▪ Content : Climate change causes serious food security risk for East Asian countries. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has recognized that the climate change will impact agriculture and all nations should prepare adaptations to the impacts on food security.

▪ Keyword : security, health security, globalization, emerging disease, infectious disease

▪ Content : Health issues occasionally intersect security issues. Health security has been viewed as an essential part of human security. Policymakers and health professionals, however, do not share a common definition of health security. This article aims to characterize the notions of health security in order to clarify what constitutes the nexus of health and security.

▪ Keyword : diet, food supply, food insecurity, health, well being

▪ Content : Food security is an important element in the multi-factorial systems analysis of health and well being. The interaction between food supply and other important factors making up the system can shed light on individual and population health.

▪ Keyword : human security, planetary health, agriculture, social determinants, ethics, systems

▪ Content : The advent of multiple global crises, especially those of climate change, economics, energy, water, food and health evident in 2008, is of considerable moment to those who are suffering their consequences and for those with responsibility and interest in the systems affected.

▪ Keyword : review, book

▪ Content : Land Reform in Developing Countries: Property rights and Property wrongs By Michael Lipton Published by Routledge Priorities for Development Economics, London and New York 2009 ISBN: 978-0-415-09667-6 (hardback)

▪ Keyword : Southeast Asia, food insecurity, undernourishment, health, economic crisis

▪ Content : With a global economic crisis, undernourished peoples in South East Asia, as elsewhere, face even greater food insecurity. Future challenges to food availability include increasing food prices, increasing population size and climate change. National policies are required which emphasise improved intersectoral coordination, enhanced government credibility and accountability, as well as a shift in food aid to investment in agriculture and the empowerment of independent institutions.

▪ Keyword : fossil fuels, solar energy, biofuels, climate change, sustainable

▪ Content : The food security issue was addressed by the development of “modern agriculture” in the last century. But food safety issues and environment degradation were the consequences suffered as a result.

▪ Keyword : water, food, drought, irrigation, climate change

▪ Content : Water is vital to food production: every calorie of plant food requires at least one litre of water, while one calorie of meat or dairy product can require up to 10 litres of water. Water is supplied either through rainfall or through irrigation. Irrigated agriculture uses 18 per cent of agricultural land, and produces 40 per cent of agricultural products.

▪ Keyword : : food prices, malnutrition, research investment, food systems, Asia-Pacific

▪ Content : The Asia-Pacific region was on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving the prevalence of extreme poverty by 2015, but recent dramatic rises in the price of rice and other staples have pushed millions of people back into hunger and poverty. This indicates that the region’s food supply system is more fragile and imbalanced than what was previously believed.

▪ Keyword : biodiversity, contamination, food security, nutrition, soil quality

▪ Content : Soil is a basic natural resource for food production, the vast majority of food we consume is either directly or indirectly derived from soil. Soil quality determines the quantity (calories) and quality (nutritional value and safety) of the foods grown.

▪ Keyword : crop production, food security, food system, self-sufficiency ratio, food policy

▪ Content : Food security is an important issue that is of concern for all countries around the world. There are many factors which may cause food insecurity including increasing demand, shortage of supply, trade condition, another countries’ food policy, lack of money, high food- and oil prices, decelerating productivity, speculation, etc.