Volume 19 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : AIDS, developing country, nutritional support, survival, immunologic restoration

▪ Content : In developing countries, access to antiretroviral treatment for persons living with HIV is still in progress. Malnutrition represents another cause of acquired immunodeficiency and premature death. This evaluation program estimated the impact of family nutritional support during the first year of antiretroviral treatment in West Africa's sub-Sahara region.

▪ Keyword : dietary habits, adolescents, overweight and obesity, cross-sectional, China

▪ Content : This study explored the association between dietary habits and overweight and obesity in adolescents from Xi’an City, China. A cross-sectional sample of 1804 adolescents was recruited in 2004 from 30 junior high schools in six districts of Xi’an City, northwest China. Weight and height was measured and eating habits assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : body composition, dehydration, ultra-endurance, water, performance

▪ Content : We investigated in 11 female ultra-runners during a 100 km ultra-run, the association between fluid intake and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in a cross-sectional study. Athletes drank ad libitum and recorded their fluid intake. They competed at 8.0 (1.0) km/h and finished within 762 (91) min.

▪ Keyword : body fat, body mass, dehydration, ultra-endurance, triathlon

▪ Content : We investigated whether male triathletes in an Ironman triathlon lose body mass in the form of fat mass or skeletal muscle mass in a field study at the Ironman Switzerland in 27 male Caucasian non-professional Ironman triathletes. Pre- and post-race body mass, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass were determined.

▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, prevalence, current smoking, China

▪ Content : This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using a large representative sample in Beijing. Data from a total of 16442 adults (6489 men and 9953 women) aged ≥18 years from a survey of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in Beijing, in 2005, was analyzed.

▪ Keyword : breathlessness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, folate, Japan, lung function

▪ Content : A case-control study was conducted in central Japan to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of folate and lung function, breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 278 referred patients (244 men and 34 women) aged 50-75 years with COPD diagnosed within the past four years and 340 community-based controls (272 men and 68 women) were assessed for dyspnoea and undertook spirometric measurements of lung function.

▪ Keyword : nuts, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, glycemia

▪ Content : The effects of tree nuts on risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), in particular blood lipids, have been investigated in a number of studies and the beneficial effects are now recognized. The beneficial effects of nuts on CHD in cohort studies have also been clearly demonstrated.

▪ Keyword : tree nuts, phytochemicals, flavonoids, resveratrol, antioxidants

▪ Content : In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food.

▪ Keyword : nuts, inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease

▪ Content : The beneficial effects of nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been widely documented. These protective effects are mainly attributed to the role of nuts in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins.

▪ Keyword : nuts, fatty acids, cardiovascular disease, blood lipids, cholesterol

▪ Content : The aim of this paper is to evaluate nut-related epidemiological and human feeding study findings and to discuss the important nutritional attributes of nuts and their link to cardiovascular health. Frequent nut consumption has been found to be protective against coronary heart disease in five large epidemiological studies across two continents.

▪ Keyword : nutrition therapy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, computer simulation, cost analysis

▪ Content : This study extends nutritional intervention results reported by short-term clinical trials of a diabetes-specific nutritional meal replacement by assessing the ten-year impact of the interventions on patient outcomes and costs compared to usual care. We developed and validated a computer simulation of type 2 diabetes based on published data from major clinical trials.

▪ Keyword : nuts, body weight, satiation, metabolizable energy, energy expenditure

▪ Content : Nuts are rich sources of multiple nutrients and phytochemicals associated with health benefits, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk. This has prompted recommendations to increase their consumption. However, they are also high in fat and are energy dense.

▪ Keyword : tree nuts, nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, healthy eating index-2005, NHANES

▪ Content : Recent epidemiologic studies assessing tree nut (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) consumption and the association with nutrient intake and diet quality are lacking. This study determined the association of tree nut consumption and nutrient intake and diet quality using a nationally representative sample of adults.

▪ Keyword : protein energy malnutrition, nutrition rehabilitation, body composition, fat mass, fat free mass

▪ Content : Concerns are raised that rapid catch up growth during nutrition rehabilitation of severely malnourished children may be associated with disproportionately higher amounts of body fat deposition. This study examined the composition of weight gain in severely undernourished children who underwent nutrition rehabilitation in a hospital from India.

▪ Keyword : juvenile central obesity, natural waist circumference, umbilical abdominal circumference, body mass index, Guatemala

▪ Content : Background: Given an emerging concern for juvenile overweight and obesity, even in populations of developing countries, techniques to assess central obesity, such as abdominal circumference (AC), are of increasing interest. Objective: To compare two procedures for measuring AC in schoolchildren from a convenience sample of middle-class, urban children aged 72 to 131 months in Guatemala City.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, anthropometry, obesity, reduced rank regression, cohort

▪ Content : Objective: To examine the association between dietary patterns and obesity indices (BMI, WC, WHR) among Tehranian adults in a 6-year follow-up study. Methods: Within frame of a cohort study in Tehran (mean follow up 6.6±0.9 years), 141 adults were recruited with: two 24 hour dietary recalls at the beginning, as well as obesity indices at the beginning and end of the study period.

▪ Keyword : meta-analysis, isoflavones, dietary supplements, menopause, bone density

▪ Content : This study was conducted to clarify the effect of ingesting soy isoflavone extracts (not soy protein or foods containing isoflavones) on bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women. PubMed, CENTRAL, ICHUSHI, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and NSTL were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English, Japanese, or Chinese reporting the effects of soy isoflavone extracts on lumbar spine or hip BMD in menopausal women.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D status, women, Fijian, Indigenous, Indian

▪ Content : Background: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations are lower in Pacific people compared to Caucasians living in New Zealand. However, there are no data on the 25OHD concentrations of Pacific people living in the Pacific Islands.

▪ Keyword : hypovitaminosis D, hypovitaminosis K, principal component analysis, adequate intake, institutionalized elderly

▪ Content : There have been methodological problems for studying hypovitaminosis D and K in the elderly. First, studies were done either by evaluating food intake or measuring their circulating levels, but rarely by both in Japan. In this paper, vitamin D and K intakes and their circulating levels were simultaneously determined.

▪ Keyword : risk factors, dyslipidemia, low HDL-c, women, epidemiology

▪ Content : Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the Philippines, although few studies here have examined the lipid profiles underlying disease risk. The isolated low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) phenotype has been implicated as a CVD risk factor, the prevalence of which exhibits significant variation across populations.