Volume 21 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : nutritional economics, obesity paradox, endocrine disrupters, sarcopenic obesity, orthosarcal

▪ Content : The body mass index (BMI) has served public health and clinical medicine well in the recognition of obesity. However, its use has generated some instructive paradoxes and misunderstandings which argue for the appreciation of body compositional disorders (BCD) as such and, in particular, for the parallel evaluation of muscle mass with a definition of ‘orthosarcal’ conditions to enable the early detection of sarcopenia.

▪ Keyword : USDA food composition, gender, eggs, pork, soy, green leafy vegetables

▪ Content : Choline and betaine are involved in several similar health-relevant metabolic pathways, but the foods sources are different. We have assessed their intakes (individual, sums and ratios) from a dominantly Chinese food cultural point of view. A representative free-living Taiwanese population aged 13-64 years was drawn from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 1993-1996.

▪ Keyword : child nutrition, developing country, Indonesia, schoolchild

▪ Content : Dietary habits of children, including snack foods consumption, in developing countries have seldom been investigated in relation to their nutrition and health. To assess the effects of snack foods consumption of 154 children aged 1-12 years in a rural village of West Java, Indonesia, a 3-hour-interval food recall survey for all meals and snack foods consumed in seven consecutive days for each subject, anthropometry, and interviews for sociodemographic indicators were conducted.

▪ Keyword : underweight, stunting, wasting, Households wealth index, nutrient intakes

▪ Content : Undernutrition among children under five year is a significant public health problem in India. The present study was carried out to assess trends in nutritional status, nutrient and food intake among children under five year over two time periods. It was a community-based cross-sectional study, carried out in tribal areas of India.

▪ Keyword : cohort studies, body mass index, mortality, expenditure, Asians

▪ Content : The U-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality has generated uncertainty about optimal BMI. For clarification, we have related BMI to both mortality and medical expenditure. The MJ Health examination cohort of 111,949 examinees established during 1994-1996 was followed with endpoint information derived from death certificates and National Health Insurance records from 1996 to 2007. Age- and gender-specific relative risks between BMI groups were estimated by Cox and logistic regressions.

▪ Keyword : diabetes, alcohol consumption, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, effect modification, interaction

▪ Content : OBJECTIVE: While the protective nature of moderate alcohol consumption against diabetes mellitus is well known, inconsistent findings continue to be reported. The possibility of different mixes of effect modifiers has been raised as a reason for those inconsistent findings. Our study aim was to examine potential effect modifiers that can change the effect of alcohol consumption on type 2 diabetes.

▪ Keyword : Rome criteria, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, prevalenc

▪ Content : Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are a group of disorders of the digestive system in which the chronic or recurrent symptoms cannot be explained by the presence of structural or tissue abnormality. This survey used a modified Rome III questionnaire on the health and nutrition status of a general population in Taiwan during 2005-2008.

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus, prospective study, dietary habits, lifestyle, Japanese

▪ Content : This study assessed the effects of dietary habits and other lifestyle factors on the incidence of diabetes in a rural Japanese population. This 10.3-year study investigated a cohort of 1,995 men and 3,670 women aged 40-69 years without diabetes at baseline who underwent health check-ups between April 1990 and March 1992. Participants were followed up until diabetes was confirmed or until the end of 2006.

▪ Keyword : attitudes, community, children, food companies, sponsorship

▪ Content : This study investigated community attitudes to fast food companies’ sponsorship of community events. The aim was to inform future efforts to introduce greater restrictions on these marketing activities to reduce child obesity. While previous research has focused on the sponsorship of sporting events, the present study included all community events and gauged public support for fast food company sponsorships in general as well as specific sponsorship activities such as securing event naming rights, advertising on event premises, and distributing free items to children in the form of food and redeemable vouchers.

▪ Keyword : nutrition transition, South Korea, diet, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, energy intake

▪ Content : Korea has undergone a major opening of its food markets and economy in the past decade. Little is understood about the impact of these shifts on the diet of Koreans. This analysis studies the shifts in consumption of foods between 1998 and 2009 to provide a thorough understanding of the transition and insights into directions in the next decades in Korea.

▪ Keyword : evidence-based nutrition, registered dietitian, information, online, database

▪ Content : Dietitians can obtain nutrition-related information from a variety of sources. The current study was to investigate how registered dietitians look for nutritional information and perceive evidence-based nutrition (EBN). A postal questionnaire survey was conducted, with 67 valid returns collected.

▪ Keyword : micronutrients, cognitive performance, children aged 5-15 years

▪ Content : It is estimated that more than 200 million young children worldwide fail to reach their potential in cognitive development owing to undernutrition. Numerous studies have assessed the effects of micronutrient supplementation on growth and cognitive development in infants, toddlers and preschoolers. However, micronutrient interventions on the cognitive performance of older children are limited.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutritional support, acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, nasogastric tube malposition, bronchopleural fistula

▪ Content : Enteral nutritional support, a frequently applied technique for providing nutrition and energy, played a pivotal role in the treatment of high risk patients. However, severe complications induced by malposition of nasogastric tube caused great danger and even death to the patients.

▪ Keyword : bleeding tendency, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, small bowel obstruction, blind loop syndrome

▪ Content : We report a case of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in a 14-year old boy who had chronic duodenal obstruction. He presented with periodic unexplained bleeding tendency. The laboratory results showed positive fat globules in stool and prolonged prothrombin time.

▪ Keyword : fish advisory, fish consumption, mercury, public awareness, risk communication

▪ Content : Some countries have established fish advisories to manage fish consumption to minimize methylmercury exposure. Our objective was to compare the fish advisories and the resultant consumer behavior in the United States of America (USA) and Japan. Both countries have national consumption guidelines, but American states enjoy greater independence in issuing guidelines for local water bodies and vary in the information that is provided for the public.

▪ Keyword : area under the curve, chest circumference, obesity, rapid growth, receiver operating characteristic curve

▪ Content : The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between chest circumference in infancy and rapid growth or obesity at 3 years of age. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 1353 children in Kumamoto, Japan. Data collected included chest circumference, head circumference, weight, and body mass index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for chest circumference were analyzed to determine the ability of this index to identify obesity at 3 years of age.

▪ Keyword : fish oil, MUAMC, appetite, caloric intake, leukaemia

▪ Content : A randomised trial was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of fish oil among 51 children with leukaemia aged 4 to 12 years on appetite level, caloric intake, body weight and lean body mass. They were randomly allocated into the trial group (TG) and the control group (CG).

▪ Keyword : omega−3 fatty acids, polycystic ovary syndrome, adiponectin, insulin resistance, lipid profile

▪ Content : Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder associated with several risk factors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of omega−3 fatty acids on serum adiponectin levels and some metabolic risk factors in PCOS patients

▪ Keyword : ω-3 fatty acids, ω-6 fatty acids, homocysteine, obesity, vitamin B-12

▪ Content : Obesity and homocysteine (tHcy) are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plasma omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) and omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6 FAs) are essential fatty acids with diverse biological effects in human health and disease. We have investigated the relation of plasma ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs levels with other cardiovascular risk factors including tHcy in severe obese subjects.

▪ Keyword : 25(OH)D, prevalence, determinants, lifestyle, Korean

▪ Content : Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem that is associated with increased risks of major diseases. This study investigated the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and its demographic and lifestyle determinants among Korean adults. Methods: A total of 5,847 adults who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2008 (KNHANES) were included in the present study.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, diabetes, age, gender, 25-hydroxyvitamin D

▪ Content : Introduction: We present data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009 on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] status and type 2 diabetes in a representative sample of the adult Korean population. Methods: This study was based on data obtained from the KNHANES 2008–2009, which was conducted for 3 years (2007-2009) using a rolling sampling design that involved a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population of South Korea.