Volume 24 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : review, nutrition, Asia-Pacific, 25 years

▪ Content : Some reflections from work in the Asia Pacific Region, mostly with WHO, in the past 25 years, and the changes in nutrition seen in this time are shared. In 1988-89 I helped to start a Centre for Child Nutrition in Chengdu, Sichuan, through the Italian Development Cooperation. The nutritional problems in urban and rural China, 25 years ago, were similar to those elsewhere in the Region.

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus, type 1, Asian Indian snacks, micronutrients, children

▪ Content : Introduction: Diet plays a crucial role for maintaining normal growth and development while optimizing glycemic control in children with diabetes. Dietary restrictions, in a diabetic child’s diet may lead to micronutrient deficiencies. Objectives: To examine dietary nutritional deficiencies of Asian Indian children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and develop micronutrient-rich recipes suitable for them.

▪ Keyword : copper, low-grade inflammation, hemoglobin, postprandial triglyceridemia, transthyretin

▪ Content : Background: Transthyretin (TTR), a sensitive indicator of malnutrition and inflammation, has been shown to be associated with mortality in elderly population. Methods: We examined relationships between serum TTR and a range of risk factors for mortality in 185 free-living elderly women. Blood was drawn between breakfast and lunch.

▪ Keyword : dairy, cardiovascular disease, stroke, coronary heart disease, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background: Epidemiological studies to-date provided inconsistent findings on the effects of dairy consumption on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine the association of dairy consumption and its specific subtypes with CVD risk, including the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) by a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published up to February 2014 to identify prospective cohort studies. Random-effects model or fix-effects model was used to compute the summary risk estimates.

▪ Keyword : cruciferous vegetables, ovarian cancer, epidemiological study, cancer prevention, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between cruciferous vegetable (CV) consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer have demonstrated inconsistent results. We conducted a meta-analysis on CV consumption and ovarian cancer risk.

▪ Keyword : obesity, overweight, academic performance, senior high school students, Taiwan

▪ Content : Introduction: This study examines how the changes in weight status across the spectrum of a senior high school study are associated with academic performance measured by the university entrance exam scores. Materials and Methods: A unique dataset which compiles a national health examination profile and the General Scholastic Ability Test data bank in Taiwan was constructed.

▪ Keyword : weight-related stigmatization, binge eating, overweight, Taiwan, cross-sectional study

▪ Content : Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the level of weight-related stigmatizing experiences and binge eating in overweight adults in southern Taiwan. Methods: This study design was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with convenience sample. A total of 141 questionnaires were analyzed.

▪ Keyword : vitamin A, insulin-like growth factor-1, anaemia, pregnancy, haemoglobin

▪ Content : Pregnancy exacerbates vitamin A (VA) deficiency and anaemia among women in developing countries. Improving circulating haemoglobin (Hb) requires erythrocyte production and availability of iron. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) functions in erythropoiesis, but its association with VA status and pregnancy-associated anaemia has not been studied.

▪ Keyword : lipids, birth weight, pregnancy, triglycerides, large for gestational age

▪ Content : Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of maternal serum lipid levels during late pregnancy for neonatal body size. Methods: This study was conducted from January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 at a Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were estimated in maternal collected before delivery. Detailed anthropometry of the neonates was performed.

▪ Keyword : micronutrients, nutritional status, vitamin D, preschool children, Sri Lanka

▪ Content : Objective: To assess the micronutrient status and its relationship with nutritional status in preschool children. Methods: In a cross sectional study, anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were obtained from 340 children attending preschool in urban Sri Lanka. Serum concentrations of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, vitamin A, zinc and haemoglobin were measured. Z-scores of anthropometric indices of height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height were computed to evaluate the nutritional status.

▪ Keyword : fortified ready-to-use foods (RUFs), supplementary feeding, moderately to mildly wasted children, weight gain, programme compliance

▪ Content : Background: Treatment effects of fortified ready-to-use foods for moderately to mildly wasted children are largely unknown. Methods: Two nutritionally comparable forms of locally produced ready-to-use foods for daily feeding programmes of moderately to mildly wasted children (weight-for-height Z-score/WHZ-3 to <-1.5SD) were assessed on Nias, Indonesia.

▪ Keyword : n-3 PUFA, non-communicable disease, meta-analysis, systematic review, mechanism

▪ Content : The aim of this updated systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Publications of meta-analysis up to August 2014 were systematically searched from PubMed, the Cochrane and EMBASE databases.

▪ Keyword : ron/folic acid supplements, antenatal, demographic and health survey, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background: This analysis examined factors associated with non-use of antenatal iron/folic acid supplements in Indonesia. Methods: Data from the 2002/2003 and 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) were used, providing survival information for 26,591 most recent deliveries over the five-year period prior to each survey. The main outcome variable was non-use of iron/folic acid supplements.

▪ Keyword : trying to lose weight, non-overweight, behavioral factors, university students, 22 countries

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of trying to lose weight among non-overweight in university students and its sociodemographic and behavioural factors from 22 low and middle income and emerging economy countries. In a cross-sectional survey we took anthropometric measurements and used a self-administered questionnaire among 15997 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.8, Standard deviation=2.8, age range of 16-30 years) from 22 universities in 22 countries.

▪ Keyword : lipid emulsion, parenteral nutrition, short bowel syndrome, abnormal liver function, hypertriglyceridemia

▪ Content : In this case study, we demonstrate the effects of different lipid emulsions on liver function in a 52-year-old woman with short bowel syndrome who was totally dependent on parenteral nutrition. Over a 13-month period after small bowel resection and jejunostomy, we followed the patient’s plasma triglycerides and liver enzyme levels as well as body weight and discomfort levels.

▪ Keyword : complementary food, feeding practices, dietary intake, literature review, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background: In Indonesia, 37% of children under-five are stunted, 12% wasted and 12% overweight. Adequate feeding practices among children above 6 months of age are critical to tackle malnutrition. National surveys have been conducted to assess feeding practices but these aggregates hide geographic disparities. While several studies have been conducted in specific country locations to address this gap, no attempt has been made to reconcile available information. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on feeding practices among Indonesian children above six months of age.

▪ Keyword : determinants, feeding practices, mother’s attributes, environments, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background: Feeding practices among young children are not optimal in Indonesia. Improving these practices is crucial to prevent and reduce malnutrition among young children. A better understanding of the underlying factors to appropriate practices is essential to address barriers and identify opportunities to optimal practices. This paper aims to shed light on potential determinants of feeding practices among children above 6 months of age.

▪ Keyword : jejunum nutrition tube, enteral nutrition, duodenum or jejunum congenital obstruction, neonate

▪ Content : Background: Early enteral nutrition (EEN) is better than total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for many reasons. Our aim was to determine the safety and feasibility of EEN using a jejunum feeding tube in the duodenum or jejunum for congenital obstruction in neonates post-operatively. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 120 patients who had duodenal and jejunal congenital obstructions in our hospital. The patients were categorized into two groups (EEN group [n=70 patients] and control group [n=50 patients]).

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, peripheral, total nutrient mixture, child, standard nutrition

▪ Content : Background: The aim of this study was to compare clinical aspects of the application of three-in-one total nutrient mixture (TNA) for peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) with those of the conventional PPN (cPPN) method of providing short-term parenteral nutrition for pediatric inpatients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in children from 2 to 18 years old who were hospitalized and underwent PPN administration. We compared clinical aspects of two methods of PPN, cPPN (n=39) and TNA (n=57).

▪ Keyword : jejunal feeding, pre-albumin, aspiration pneumonia, interleukin-6

▪ Content : Background and Objective: Unguided nasojejunal feeding tube insertion success rates are low. Controversy persists about how to safely and efficiently perform enteral nutrition (EN) in critically ill patients. This study explores an innovative blind nasointestinal tube (NIT) insertion method and compares nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding.

▪ Keyword : gestational diabetes mellitus, diet structure, vegetable oil, fatty acids, blood lipid

▪ Content : Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Under constant total energy and protein intake, 84 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, which were given oil-rich and conventional low-oilmeals, respectively.

▪ Keyword : BMI, diacylglycerol, insulin sensitivity, randomized controlled trial, type 2 diabetes

▪ Content : Present study was a post-hoc analysis and aimed to examine the influence of adiposity status on the response of insulin sensitivity to diacylglycerol (DAG) oil in type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 127 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited into a randomized double-blind controlled parallel trial in Hangzhou, China.