Volume 26 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : instant noodles, fortification, wheat flour, Asia, micronutrient

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consumption of foods made with wheat flour, particularly instant noodles, is increasing in Asia. Given this trend, fortifying wheat flour with vitamins and minerals may improve micronutrient intake in the region. The objective of this review was to understand what is known about fortifying wheat flour used to make instant noodles.

▪ Keyword : disease-related malnutrition, hospital, community, nutrition, oral nutritional supplements

▪ Content : Malnutrition is common in Asia, especially among people who are critically ill and/or older. Study results from China, Japan, and Taiwan show that malnutrition or risk of malnutrition is found in up to 30% of community-dwelling people and as much as 50% of patients admitted to hospitals—with prevalence even higher among those older than 70 years.

▪ Keyword : validation, diet quality, older adults, biomarkers, Total Diet Score

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a diet quality measurement tool, the Total Diet Score (TDS) using two validation methods; firstly the TDS calculated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was compared to the TDS calculated from weighed food records (WFRs); secondly the TDS was compared to a number of dietary biomarkers. Methods and Study Design: Data were collected from a population based cohort study located in the Blue Mountains region of Sydney, Australia.

▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, risk score, lifestyle factors, dietary intake, Korean population

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There is a need for simple risk scores that identify individuals at high risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, this study was performed to develop and validate a self-assessment score for MetS risk in non-obese Korean adults. Methods and Study Design: Data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV), 2007-2009 were used to develop a MetS risk score. We included a total of 5,508 non-obese participants aged 19-64 years who were free of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke, angina, or cancer.

▪ Keyword : dysphagia, serum zinc, endoscopic gastrostomy, malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) present with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) but little is known about zinc status. Our aim was to evaluate serum zinc, its relationship with serum proteins and with the nature of the underlying disorder, during the first 3 months of PEG feeding. Methods and Study Design: Prospective observational study during a 3-month period after gastrostomy. Data was collected at initial PEG procedure (T0), after 4 (T1) and 12 weeks (T3). Initial evaluation included: age, gender, disorder causing dysphagia, Neurological Dysphagia (ND) or Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), NRS-2002, BMI, albumin, transferrin, zinc.

▪ Keyword : protein provision, nutrition, intensive care, mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Mechanically ventilated patients often face progressive and rapid losses of body mass and muscle because of hypermetabolism and increased protein catabolism. To investigate the impact of adequate nutritional provision during the early phase of intensive care unit (ICU) admission on the clinical outcomes in patients with medical illnesses receiving mechanical ventilation support.

▪ Keyword : 25-hydroxyvitamin D, pulmonary tuberculosis, link, type 2 diabetes, body mass index

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although vitamin D is implicated in the generation of anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin, which plays a key role against pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and may have an inverse association with the risk of type 2 diabetes (DM), its role in the co-existence of these two diseases (PTB-DM) is still uncertain. This study explored the association of vitamin D status with prevalent PTB, PTB-DM and DM.

▪ Keyword : health insurance, subsidy, malnutrition, hospital malnutrition, fight against malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Protein-energy and micronutrient malnutrition are global public health problems which, when not prevented and severe, require medical management by clinicians with nutrition expertise, preferably as a collectively skilled team, especially when disease-related. The aim of the study was to analyze factors influencing the introduction and the use of enteral (EN) or parenteral (PN) nutrition.

▪ Keyword : dietary intake, type 2 diabetes, prevalence, adult, Chinese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Fruit, vegetable, seafood, and dairy intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, but this relationship is unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between fruit, vegetable, seafood, and dairy intake and type 2 diabetes prevalence in a Chinese population.

▪ Keyword : food choice, Japan, oral function, principal component analysis, very old

▪ Content : Little is known about the dietary patterns of Asian populations aged ≥85 years and their associated factors. Thus, we aimed to (1) identify these dietary patterns and (2) clarify the relationships between the dietary pattern and health outcomes in a community-dwelling very old population. The Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study is an observational cohort study comprising 512 Japanese subjects (women, n=288; men, n=224; age, 87.8±2.2 years).

▪ Keyword : vitamin E, lung cancer; dietary intake; meta-analysis; dose-response

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Several epidemiological studies investigating the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of lung cancer have demonstrated inconsistent results. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarise evidence of the association of dietary vitamin E intake with the risk of lung cancer. Methods and Study Design: In this meta-analysis, a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science

▪ Keyword : body mass index, caloric restriction, physical activity, EIT, home-based intervention

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutrition and physical activity interventions is beneficial in reversing obesity. However far too little attention has been paid to the effect of these interventions on breast tissues. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of a home-based dietary and physical activity intervention (the Her Shape Program) on metabolic parameters, blood biomarkers and adiposity at the breast.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, deficiency, pregnancy, preterm labor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Pregnancy complications hypothesized to be related to vitamin D include preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, preterm delivery, Cesarean section and infectious disease. There have been a few studies which have demonstrated maternal serum vitamin D to be associated with preterm labor. The objective was to evaluate the serum vitamin D concentrations in Thai pregnant women with and without preterm labor and to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in both groups.

▪ Keyword : saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, gestational weight gain, macrosomia, birth weight

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the association of maternal excessive gestational weight gain with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in maternal and cord serum. Methods and Study Design: We included 77 pairs of women and their newborns and classified them into three groups as follows: mothers with normal gestational weight gain and their babies with normal birth weight in group I (30 pairs), mothers with excessive gestational weight gain and their babies with normal birth weight in group II (30 pairs), and mothers with excessive gestational weight gain and their macrosomic babies in group III (17 pairs). Serum fatty acid concentrations were determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

▪ Keyword : diet quality, feeding, children, eating behaviour, Hong Kong

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the diet quality and eating behaviour of preschool children, investigate parents’ feeding practices, and obtain information on the kindergarten nutrition environment of Hong Kong children aged 30-60 months. Methods and Study Design: Dietary information was obtained using multiple 24-hour recalls. Questionnaires were developed to obtain information on children’ seating behaviour, parents’ feeding practices and preschool nutrition environment.

▪ Keyword : The Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami-affected town, nursery school, feeding manual in disaster, The Japan Dietetic Association

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to collect information on experiences in the Great East Japan Earthquake (hereafter, 3.11), current preparedness, and barriers to building up stockpiles in nursery schools in affected areas. Based on the needs heard from the staff, we decided what contents should be included in our manual developed with the Japan Dietetic Association.

▪ Keyword : nutritional status, nutritional information exposure, growth monitoring, under-five children, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is a health problem among under-five children in Indonesia. The mothers’ knowledge on nutrition and health in addition to growth monitoring program are essential components that may influence nutritional status of children under-five. The objective was to observe the importance of maternal information exposure along with growth monitoring program to the nutritional status of children in rural areas.

▪ Keyword : dietary diversity, child stunting, malnutrition, food pattern, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: More than one-quarter of under-five children in the developing world are stunted, and those with poor nutrient intake are at risk of irreversible cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary diversity and child stunting in an Indonesian context. Methods and Study Design: Dietary diversity was assessed using a maternal-reported checklist of 12 food groups, summed as a Household Dietary Diversity Score. Stunting was defined as ≤-2.0 height-for-age z-score by WHO-Anthro 2005.

▪ Keyword : children, disordered eating, ethnicity, pubertal status, Malaysia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To determine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and pubertal status with disordered eating among primary school children. Methods and Study Design: Using a stratified multi-stage sampling, a total of 816 children (282 boys and 534 girls) aged 10 to 11 years from 12 selected primary schools in the state of Selangor, participated in this study.

▪ Keyword : serum uric acid, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fatty liver, SUA, NAFLD

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Experimental and observational studies suggest a role for increased uric acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to systematically review the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and NAFLD.

▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, uric acid, cardiovascular risk, Wuhan population

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The objective was to determine whether serum uric acid concentrations were associated with metabolic syndrome in a population from Wuhan. Methods and Study Design: 5,628 subjects (2,838 men, 2,790 women) aged 18-80 years were recruited in Wuhan, China. Biochemical parameters of venous blood were measured by standard methods and metabolic syndrome was defined by Chinese Diabetes Society criteria. Association analysis was performed by logistic regression.

▪ Keyword : dietary practice patterns, habitual physical exercise, health behaviours, Japan, smoking

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To identify dietary practice patterns for Japanese adults and investigate the links between health behaviours and these patterns. Methods and Study Design: A random sample, stratified according to area, sex, and age, of 4570 adults aged 20-80 years completed a survey conducted in 2011 in a city, in Yamagata Prefecture, Northeast Japan.

▪ Keyword : nutrition transition, economic, demographic, epidemiology, Nepal

▪ Content : Background and Objective: Nutrition transition is rapid in developing countries, but Nepalese transition is relatively unknown. This study aimed to describe nutrition transition in Nepal over the past 40 years by identifying the shifts in the Nepalese diets and nutritional status and the underlying shifts associated with this. Methods and Study Design: Popkin’s framework was used to identify shifts in Nepalese diet and the inter-relationship of diet with epidemiological, demographic and economic shifts. The current study used quantitative methodology including secondary data analysis based on food balance sheets, economic surveys and the government databases.

▪ Keyword : APOE, CETP TaqIB, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Polymorphisms

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) and Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (GP) have been used as traditional medicines to treat diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Nevertheless, there is inter-individual variation in the metabolic responses to HS and GP consumption. This may be due to genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HS and GP tea consumption on anthropometric data, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid concentrations in hypercholesterolemia subjects with different genotypes of the APOE and CETP TaqIB polymorphisms.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, thiamin, folic acid, electrolyte imbalance, re-feeding syndrome

▪ Content : Introduction: Re-feeding Syndrome (RS) is a deadly complication, which can be encountered during “re-feeding” of malnourished patients. In these patients, thiamin deficiency may develop and “risk awareness” is the most significant factor in the management of these patients. In this case report, the treatment is presented of an elderly patient who was diagnosed with RS and followed-up in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to resistant fluidelectrolyte imbalance.