Volume 26 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : antioxidants, ocular pathology, diet, nutrition, vision

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Three of the major ocular diseases, namely cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are associated with oxidative damage. Disease risk and progression may be reduced through consumption of dietary components. To critically examine the literature on dietary and supplemental intakes of fruit and vegetables, meat, antioxidants (vitamins C, E and A), calcium, folate, iron, and their association with ocular disease.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, malnutrition, nutritional support, energy deficit, complications

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients receiving ≥80% of their energy requirements by enteral nutrition (EN) have better clinical outcomes; unfortunately, there are discrepancies between the amount prescribed and amount received. The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional clinical practice, determine the adequacy and identify reasons for underfeeding.

▪ Keyword : long-term home parenteral nutrition, short bowel syndrome, adult patients, complications, risk factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a complicated and challenging disease where home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is widely used. The complications of long-term HPN-dependent in adult patients with SBS are poorly documented. This study was mainly aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of HPN-associated complications in adult patients with SBS, especially the catheter-related sepsis and HPN-associated liver/biliary disorders.

▪ Keyword : chronic kidney disease, dietary fiber, inflammation, indoxyl sulfate, cardiovascular event

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Evidence suggests that dietary fiber benefits patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, this conclusion requires further validation. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fiber on kidney function, inflammation, indoxyl sulfate, nutritional status, and cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced CKD.

▪ Keyword : Annona muricata, leaf extract, nutrition status, colorectal cancer, cytotoxicity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Annona muricata leaf infusion has traditionally been consumed to maintain health, but is now considered for use in treating cancer patients. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of A. muricata leaf extract in humans and human cell lines.

▪ Keyword : galactooligosaccharide, prebiotics, probiotics, skin hydration, wrinkle

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To study the effects of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the skin, we investigated skin-related parameters in healthy adults who received GOS for 12 weeks. Methods and Study Design: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study included subjects divided into two groups (control and GOS) by stratified block randomization. The GOS group received 1.0 g of GOS twice a day, whereas the control group received only vehicle.

▪ Keyword : lactobacillus, breast milk, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), trend

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactobacillus supplementation on trends of breast milk antioxidant parameters. Methods and Study Design: In an interventional study, 50 lactating women were randomly allocated to receive a daily supplement of lactobacillus (n=25) or a placebo (n=25) for 60 days.

▪ Keyword : macronutrient, nutrient profiling, glycaemic response, hunger, satiety

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Maintaining blood glucose within homeostatic limits and eating foods that suppress hunger and promote satiety have beneficial impacts for health. This study investigated the glycaemic response and satiety effects of a serving size of a healthier snack bar, branded Nothing Else, that met the required nutrient profiling score criteria for a health claim, in comparison to two top-selling commercial snack bars.

▪ Keyword : NCGS, buckwheat, diet, symptoms severity, inflammatory profile

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a gluten-free grain with acclaimed beneficial effects on human health. Our aim was to assess the effect of buckwheat products on intestinal/extra-intestinal symptoms and biochemical parameters in patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS).

▪ Keyword : hepatocellular carcinoma, body mass index, 6-month survival, metastasis, extrahepatic

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the effect of overweight status on the 6-month survival rate in patients with extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods and Study Design: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 51 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic metastases between 2007 and 2010 before treatment. The associations among overweight status (body mass index [BMI] >24 kg/m2), demographic variables, and survival outcome were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

▪ Keyword : choline intake, folate intake, hepatitis injury marker, Taiwanese population, hepatitis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The relationships of dietary choline and folate intake with hepatic function have yet to be established in the Taiwanese population. We investigated the associations of choline and folate intake with hepatic inflammatory injury in Taiwanese adults. Methods and Study Design: Blood samples and data on dietary choline components and folate intake from 548 Taiwanese adults without pathological liver disease were collected. Dietary intake was derived using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : anthropometric measures, cut-off values, obesity screening, percentage of body fat, Indonesian adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) have increasingly been used as screening tools for obesity. However, optimal cut-off values may be different between populations. The current study determined the optimum cut-off values for BMI, WC, WHR, and WSR for obesity screening in Indonesian adults using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

▪ Keyword : waist circumference change, dietary behaviours, weight loss attempts, longitudinal studies, abdominal obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary behaviours are suitable as clearly identifiable targets of dietary counselling to prevent weight gain. We therefore investigated associations between dietary behaviours, weight loss attempts and waist circumference change.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, iodine deficiency, dietary diversity, food security, Papua New Guinea

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of infants, children and non-pregnant women and underlying factors, dietary diversity and community food security, in the Kamea community in Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea.

▪ Keyword : urinary iodine concentration, goitre prevalence, children, pregnant women, generalized additive models

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: WHO recommended that iodized salt are more than 90% of households in USI programs, which may not be suitable for all regions, especially in coastal areas. This study intended to find out levels of iodine nutrition and give advice from the USI programs for areas with different iodized salt coverage.

▪ Keyword : iodine, school children, iodine fortification, bread fortification, urinary iodine concentration

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To counter emerging iodine deficiency mandatory iodine fortification of bread was introduced throughout Australia in 2009. This study investigated the impact of iodine fortification on the iodine status of school aged children living in the iodine replete state of Queensland, and investigated which foods had greatest influence on overall iodine status.

▪ Keyword : preschool children, fat mass, BMI, deuterium, nutritional status

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity. The relationship between BMI and body fatness varies by race, sex, and age and more variations have been found among children. This study investigated the relationship between BMI and fat mass among 3-5 year old children having different nutritional status.

▪ Keyword : normal-weight obesity, waist-to-height ratio, metabolic disorder, metabolic syndrome, body mass index

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined whether normal-weight central obesity, defined as a high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is associated with metabolic disorders in Chinese postmenopausal women. Methods and Study Design: We recruited 634 community-dwelling postmenopausal women with a normal body mass index (BMI) who participated in an annual health checkup.

▪ Keyword : salt, fermentation, vegetable, hypertension, cohort

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between high consumption of salt-fermented vegetables and hypertension risk in adults. Methods and Study Design: Data came from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, an ongoing community-based cohort study that began in 2001. In the final analysis, a total of 5,932 participants (men=2,822, women=3,110) was included.

▪ Keyword : bimodal distribution, fasting plasma glucose, diabetes, Uyghur population, Han population

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Bimodality in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) distribution has been detected in several populations. However, information regarding this phenomenon among Chinese ethnic groups is minimal. This study aimed to describe and update the distribution of FPG in the Uyghur and Han populations of Xinjiang, China, as well as to estimate the cut points of FPG on the basis of bimodal distribution.

▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, offspring, parent, sex, age

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Studies have investigated the associations between parental metabolic syndrome (MetS) and offspring MetS. This study aimed to uncover parental-offspring associations for MetS and its components according to offspring sex and age.

▪ Keyword : coeliac disease, gluten-free diet, quality of life, restaurants, chefs

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Coeliac disease is triggered by gluten. The only treatment is lifelong avoidance of dietary gluten. Dining out and travelling are particular challenges with a huge impact on quality of life. We examined the knowledge about coeliac disease and gluten-free food preparation among chefs and cooks, and culinary students in Dunedin, New Zealand.

▪ Keyword : fruit, vegetables, self-efficacy, social support, knowledge

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that self-efficacy, social support, and knowledge are primary psychosocial predictors of dietary behavior in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of self-efficacy, social support, and knowledge with fruit and vegetable consumption in Japanese workers.

▪ Keyword : diet, nutrition, pediatric obesity, screen time, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Increasing rates of obesity among Chinese adolescents has become a major public health concern in recent years. Studies have shown that factors such as food choices, physical activity, and screen time play important roles in fostering obesity. We examined a number of biological and social determinants that influence these factors. To determine whether dietary behavior, physical activity, and screen time varied among students in different stages of their education.

▪ Keyword : dietary diversity, food accessibility, China, urban, rural

▪ Content : China has undergone a dramatic transition in food consumption in the past few decades. Diet composition has changed significantly because of an increase in food accessibility and lifestyle changes. To investigate dietary changes in China from the perspective of dietary diversity, we assessed the trend of dietary diversity in China by using the following 4 indicators: count index, dietary diversity score, entropy, and Simpson index.