Volume 27 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : double burden malnutrition, ASEAN, undernutrition, overnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) – a combination of undernutrition and overnutrition – is a problem faced by many countries. This study aimed to comprehensively review the DBM in ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) countries, including levels (population [including country, city, or any community], household, or individual), types (the type of undernutrition and overweight), and prevalence.

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, multi-chamber bag, clinical outcome, cost analysis, PNALD

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness, safety, and costs of commercial standardized multi-chamber bag and customized compounded total parenteral nutrition (TPN) among gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes mellitus, India, Pakistan, lifestyle modifications, secondary prevention

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To determine how frequently diabetic diets are recommended to individuals with diabetes in South Asia, whether they are followed, and if they are associated with healthier dietary choices and clinical benefits. Methods and Study Design: Data are from the Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia Cohort Study. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes (n=1849) were divided into four groups based on whether they reported being prescribed and/or were following a diabetic diet. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between these groups and outcomes.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D deficiency, gender, sun exposure, physical activity, Gansu, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This analytical cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic risk factors in the adult population of Gansu Province, China. Methods and Study Design: In total, 11,157 healthy participants (4,740 men and 6,417 women) were enrolled. A questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics and personal habits. We detected 25-hydroxyvitamin D and associated metabolic parameters through electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.

▪ Keyword : Individual Food Consumption Survey, nutrient intake, processed foods, processed ingredients, ultraprocessed foods

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary patterns are undergoing a major shift worldwide. This study analysed the consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods in Jakarta and its contribution to the energy and nutrient intake based on the Individual Food Consumption Survey 2014. Methods and Study Design: Food consumption data were based on 24-hour dietary recall. Foods were grouped into four food groups: nonprocessed foods, processed ingredients, processed foods, and ultraprocessed foods and subsequently categorised according to the Indonesian Food Category System.

▪ Keyword : nutritional supplements, pregnancy, iodine, neonatal screening, thyroid stimulating hormone

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Pregnant women are at particular risk of iodine deficiency due to their higher iodine requirements. Iodine is known to be essential for normal growth and brain development, therefore neonatal outcomes in mildly iodine deficient areas, such as Gippsland, are a critical consideration. This study aimed to investigate whether iodine supplementation prevented iodine insufficiency as determined by neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening criteria.

▪ Keyword : pregnancy-planning, iodine deficiency, women, public health, urine iodine

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Iodine deficiency remains a public health concern, particularly in pregnant women and those planning pregnancy because of the risk of impaired fetal neurological development. Following implementation of strategies to improve iodine intake in Australia, there has been minimal investigation into current iodine status. We aimed to characterise iodine status in a population of women of childbearing-age in Australia.

▪ Keyword : gestational weight gain, RCT, diet and exercise interventions, large for gestational age, birthweight

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Excessive gestational weight gain has been associated with higher risk for large for gestational age newborns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess whether an intensive diet and exercise intervention has an effect in reducing gestational weight gain and large for gestational age newborns.Methods and Study Design: The search was conducted on PubMed and Cochrane database.

▪ Keyword : childhood obesity, anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, lifestyle factors, sibling relationships

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is increasing in urban India. This study aimed to examine the associations of younger siblings abdominal adiposity with individual, familial and environmental factors, in urban school aged siblings. Methods and Study Design: Weight, height and waist circumference of 2906 siblings aged 3-16 years were measured along with details on demographics, diet, lifestyle, behavior and reported parental anthropometrics. Abdominal adiposity was classified as waist circumference above the age and sex specific 75th percentile value.

▪ Keyword : prenatal nutrient supplementation, neonatal birth weight, different effects, northwest China, cross-sectional study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The results of prenatal nutrient supplementation on birth weight are inconsistent in different areas. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of prenatal iron plus folic acid and folic acid supplementation on neonatal birth weights differed between urban and rural areas of Northwest China. Methods and Study Design: A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to recruit women between the ages of 15 and 49 and their offspring born between 2010 and 2013 from 10 urban areas and 20 rural areas of the Shaanxi Province of Northwest China.

▪ Keyword : undernutrition, growth faltering, Orang Asli children, Peninsular Malaysia, prospective cohort study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Information on the growth status of indigenous children is useful for developing intervention strategies, but the data are limited. This study determined the prevalence of undernutrition among under-five indigenous children (Orang Asli) and tracked the growth status of Orang Asli children aged 0–3 years. Methods and Study Design: This study had two phases: a cross-sectional growth study of under-five Orang Aslichildren (N=304; Phase 1) and a 2-year prospective cohort growth study of Orang Asli children aged 0–3 years (N=214; Phase 2) in the Temerloh district of Pahang, Malaysia.

▪ Keyword : nutrition screening tool, nutrition risk, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is a known complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). We assessed a known screening tool, as well as developed and validated a novel screening tool, to detect nutrition risk in outpatients with IBD. Methods and Study Design: The Saskatchewan IBD–Nutrition Risk (SaskIBD-NR Tool) was developed and administered alongside the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Nutrition risk was confirmed by the IBD dietitian (RD) and gastroenterologist (GI). Agreement between screening tools and RD/GI assessment was computed using Cohen’s kappa.

▪ Keyword : vitamin A deficiency, East Timor, children, refugee, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Children age 6 to 72 months, living in refugee camps are at increased risk of developing vitamin A deficiency (VAD), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Due to poverty, often this population group has limited access to foods containing vitamin A from animal-based food sources and do not commonly consume available foods containing beta-carotene. To date, there is a paucity of data on vitamin A intake in young refugee children. To determine vitamin A intake in children ages 6 to 72 months at refugee camps in East Timor.

▪ Keyword : reproducibility, validity, food frequency questionnaire, adolescent, Malaysia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a dietary tool used to assess the habitual intake of the population. The goal of this study is to examine the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ that was developed for a multi-ethnic population in Malaysia. Methods and study design: Collective food data from MyHeARTs 2012 database were used to construct the MyUM Adolescent FFQ.

▪ Keyword : China, dietary guidelines, healthy eating patterns, evidence-based nutrition, Chinese Food Guide Pagoda

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDGs) were first released to the public in 1989 by the Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS). In 2016, the Ministry of Health commissioned the CNS to revise and publish new CDGs. Methods and Study Design: The CNS convened an expert committee of leaders in the fields of nutrition, epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, and food science. The CDGs were revised according to the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development procedures.

▪ Keyword : diet quality, self-reported health, China, Item Response Theory, Dietary-Guideline Adherence

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Poor adherence to dietary guidelines is related to physical and mental disorders, as reflected in self-reported health statuses. This study evaluates the association between diet quality and self-reported health within the Shanghai Diet and Health Study. Methods and Study Design: We used Chinese Dietary Guidelines Adherence scores to assess diet quality in a cross-sectional study of 4487 subjects above 15 years of age, who completed three-day 24h diet recalls and responded to self-reported health questionnaires.

▪ Keyword : systematic review, meta-analyses, vitamin, methodological quality, reporting quality

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The quality of meta-analyses (MAs) on nutrition intervention in mainland China remains uninvestigated. To assess the quality of the evidence regarding nutrition intervention in mainland China, we used vitamin intervention as an example to assess the overall methodological and reporting qualities of MAs on nutrition interventions published in Chinese journals. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study on MAs of vitamin interventions was performed. Four Chinese databases were searched from inception through September 2016 for all MAs of vitamin intervention.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D receptor, single nucleotide polymorphism, metabolic syndrome, Thai population, haplotype

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The genetic variations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) have revealed its association with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In Thailand, evidence of this association has not been obtained. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphism with MetS and related diseases as well as the possible linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes of VDR in Thai adults.

▪ Keyword : basal metabolic rate (BMR), predictive equation, diabetes, portable gas analyzer, Japanese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Estimation of energy demand using basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a rational approach for optimizing glycemic control and weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we assessed the accuracy of predictive equations in estimating BMR in Japanese patients with T2DM. Methods and Study Design: BMR was measured indirectly (BMRm) with a portable gas analyzer in the fasting state in 69 Japanese patients with T2DM. BMR was estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation (BMRhb) and Ganpule equation (BMRg).

▪ Keyword : short bowel syndrome, parenteral nutrition-dependence, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), residual colon, survival

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare and life-threatening disease. Few studies have investigated risk factors for parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependence and death in SBS. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PN-dependence and long-term mortality in SBS. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study reviewed and evaluated children and adults who were diagnosed with SBS at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from October 2005 to January 2015.

▪ Keyword : hand grip strength, PG-SGA, malnutrition, sarcopenia, cancer patients

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hand grip strength (HGS) has emerged as a predictor of the nutritional status. However, many factors may modify the malnutrition–HGS association. This study explored the nutritional assessment value and determinants of HGS in patients hospitalized with cancer.

▪ Keyword : Melissa officinalis, coronary artery disease, oxidative stress, paraxonase 1, lipid profile

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Chronic stable angina (CSA) is the primary sign of CAD. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a substantial role in pathogenesis and progression of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of powdered Melissa officinalis (MO) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in patients with CSA.

▪ Keyword : ferric pyrophosphate, micronutrient, milk, iron bioavailability, stable isotope

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutritional anemia is a significant public health issue with 50-80% prevalence in Indian children. Fortification of food, specifically milk, with iron is a potential approach to increase dietary iron intake. Ferric pyrophosphate [Fe4(P2O7)3] is organoleptically neutral and is less soluble in acid medium and, further, has low bioavailability in milk. However, since ascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of iron absorption, the co-administration of ascorbic acid with Fe4(P2O7)3 might enhance the absorption of iron. We evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from a Fe4(P2O7)3 and an ascorbic acid fortified milk beverage with respect to milk fortified with Fe4(P2O7)3 alone.

▪ Keyword : partially hydrogenated oil, trans fatty acid, serum lipid, intervention trial, single nucleotide polymorphisms

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The excessive intake of trans fatty acids increases serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and reduces high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. We studied the effects of 1% energy trans fatty acid supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in healthy adult Japanese with different obesity-related gene polymorphisms. Methods and Study Design: A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial was conducted in 53 healthy adults. The volunteers consumed one cookie containing either 1% energy or <0.01% energy (control) of trans fatty acids every day for 4 weeks, and a blood sample was then obtained after overnight fasting. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene rs9939609 and beta-3 adrenergic receptor rs4994 were genotyped.

▪ Keyword : alpha-linolenic acid, erythrocyte, docosahexaenoic acid, green leafy vegetables, intervention study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There are few data on the fatty acid status of non-pregnant Indian women. Our objective was to investigate the effect of a snack containing green leafy vegetables (GLVs) on women’s erythrocyte long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status (LCPUFA). Methods and Study Design: Non-pregnant women (n=222) aged 14-35 years from Mumbai slums were randomized to consume a snack containing GLVs, fruit and milk (treatment) or a control snack containing foods of low micronutrient content such as potato and onion, daily under observation.