Volume 29 Supplement

▪ Keyword : econutrition, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, genetics, policy development

▪ Content : Anemia in Indonesia has been of concerning persistence in all age groups for some 75 years since independence. The relationships between anemia and nutrition are complex being evident with compromised general health and nutrition. Increased micronutrient intakes, especially iron and folic acid, has alleviated the problem, but encouraged nutrient-specific micronutrient interventions as attractive policy directions as if anemia were a stand-alone disease irrespective of associated disorder. Concerted action to deal with the fundamental causality has been missing. Much of the pathogenetic pathway may be nutritional, but its multifactoriality is ultimately socioecological. Given the intransigence and progression of societal and ecosystem dysfunction, it can be expected that failure to rec...

▪ Keyword : anemia, pregnancy, risk factors, chronic energy deficiency, policies

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Despite enduring efforts in Indonesia to eliminate anemia in pregnancy, it remains a major nutritional problem. Its nutritional contributors were reevaluated. Methods: A meta-analysis of reports on anemia during pregnancy in Indonesia from January 2001 to December 2019 in the PubMed and ProQuest databases was conducted. Pooled ORs were obtained in fixed- and random-effects models. Funnel plots and Eggers and Beggs tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata version 14.2 were used for analysis.

▪ Keyword : multifactorial anemia, adolescent, children, Indonesia, nutritional interventions

▪ Content : Background: Nutritional anemia in Indonesian children and adolescents is generally regarded and treated as iron-deficient anemia, as it is in individuals in other age groups. Objectives: Yet, it remains a public health threat without comprehensive management or a sustained solution. Methods: This review seeks to improve understanding of impediments to its resolution. Relevant studies reported in the past 5 years were identified in PubMed, Science Direct, Crossreff, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases.

▪ Keyword : hemoglobin, malaria, thalassemia, G6PD, tuberculosis

▪ Content : Anemia affects people worldwide and results in increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in children and reproductive-age women. Anemia is caused by an imbalance between red blood cell (RBC) loss and production (erythropoiesis), which can be caused by not only nutritional factors but also non-nutritional factors, such as inflammation and genetics. Understanding the complex and varied etiology of anemia is crucial for developing effective interventions and monitoring anemia control programs. This review focusses on two interrelated non-nutritional causes of anemia: malaria infection and RBC disorders (thalassemia and G6PD deficiency), as well as tuberculosis. According to the Haldane hypothesis, thalassemia occurs as a protective trait toward malaria infection, whereas G6PD...

▪ Keyword : anemia of inflammation, helminthiasis, non-nutritional anemia, chronic disease, iatrogenic anemia

▪ Content : Non-nutritional anemia, the second most common type of anemia worldwide after nutritional anemia, includes the anemia of inflammation (AI) and that due to helminthiasis. In this review, we examine the contribution that non-nutritional anemia makes to incidence in Indonesia. Anemia due to helminthiasis is a common problem in Indonesia and contributes to prevalence, particularly in children under 5 years.

▪ Keyword : iron deficiency anemia, Indonesia, program policy, supplementation, fortification

▪ Content : Background and Objective: Currently, anemia is a severe public health issue in Indonesia. The aim of this review was to examine policy measures and program implementation to reduce anemia attributed to iron deficiency in Indonesia. Methods and Study Design: A literature search was conducted using Google Search, Sciencedirect.com,and PubMed to retrieve relevant studies in the last three decades. Qualitative data were also obtained from service providers. The search yielded 141 articles, of which 32 were excluded, and further screening was conducted based on the type and scale of the intervention program.