Volume 31 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : Obituary

▪ Content : Obituary for Professor Jingfan Gu (1927-2022)

▪ Keyword : food and nutrition science, paradigms, The New Nutrition Science, the NOVA food system, Brazilian food guides

▪ Content : Nutrition was invented in the early 19th century as a biochemical science that reduces foods into significant chemical constituents. Ever since then, the teaching and practice of nutrition has been based on this concep-tual framework, or paradigm. The examples given here are dietary guidelines and other food guides. The first guides issued up to the middle of the last century were designed to help prevent nutrient deficiencies, pro-mote growth, and ensure plentiful diets. These recommended foods then thought to contain adequate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as dietary energy. PICC complications in NICU, and further identify the effects of PICC complications on body weight gain in premature infants. Methods and Study Design: A total of ...

▪ Keyword : intermittent fasting, intestinal microbiota, metabolic health

▪ Content : The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the present association between Intermittent Fasting (IF), the Gut Microbiota (GM), and the adipocyte with respect to Metabolic Health (MH). A search was carried out through Dialnet, Scielo, Web of Science, Redalyc and PubMed, using keywords such as: “intermittent fast-ing”, “time-restricted feeding”, “gut microbiota” and “Metabolic Health”. Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens promote weight loss, therefore contributing to improved metabolic health.

▪ Keyword : liver cirrhosis, body composition, skeletal muscle index, muscle attenuation, computed tomography

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It has been proven that skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle attenuation (MA) are correlated with outcomes in liver cirrhosis. However, whether there are sex differences in these fac-tors remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the predictive ability of SMI and MA for the prognosis of cir-rhotic patients of different sexes and promote computed tomography (CT) use in body composition assess-ment. Methods and Study Design: CT images taken at the 3rd lumbar vertebra from 223 patients were quan-tified for body composition. A Cox regression model was used to assess associations between mortality and body composition.

▪ Keyword : coronavirus disease 2019, nutritional screening, skeletal muscle, diaphragm thickness, length of hospital stay

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the significance of diaphragm thickness (DT) in assessing the nu-tritional status and predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with COVID-19. Methods and Study Design: The data of 212 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, were retrospec-tively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT)-obtained DT was measured in cross-sectional images of the mediastinal window at the level of the outlet of the celiac trunk at admission and at 2 weeks, then the rate of change in DT(RCDT) at 2 weeks was calculated. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated at admis-sion.

▪ Keyword : pulmonary tuberculosis, nutritional status, clinical manifestations, hypoalbuminemia, anemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim is to investigate the association between nutritional status and clinical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods and Study Design: A total of 613 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Weifang city, Shandong province, China were included. Clinical and nutritional history, anthro-pometry, nutritionally relevant indicators including serum total protein and albumin, hemoglobin and lym-phocyte count were measured. Adjustments were made for confounders in multivariable logistic models where tuberculosis activity (clinical symptoms and signs, sputum–smear tests or chest computerized tomog-raphy (CT)) was the dependent variable.

▪ Keyword : gastrectomy, supplementary parenteral nutrition, hyperglycemia, insulin, blood glucose fluctuation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of insulin addition to the total nutrition admix-ture (TNA) for glycemic control among patients with gastric cancer (GC) receiving supplementary parenteral nutrition (SPN) after gastrectomy. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 208 noncritical ill patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC from 2017 to 2019 at a tertiary teach-ing hospital in Lanzhou, China. All the included patients received individualized SPN and enteral nutrition treatment after gastrectomy. The patients were randomly divided into insulin and noninsulin groups based on the TNA composition.

▪ Keyword : glycemic response, diurnal rhythm, white rice, cognitive function, satiety

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The variation in glycemic responses to white rice caused by the circadian rhythm has been widely investigated but remain controversial. This study investigated diurnal differences in the effect of rice meals on glycemic responses, insulin responses, satiety, and acute cognitive function. Methods and Study Design: A total of 20 healthy participants in Group 1 and 14 in Group 2 were served identical servings of cooked white rice containing 50 g of available carbohydrates at 8:00 a.m. (rice at break-fast), 12:30 p.m. (rice at lunch), and 5:00 p.m. (rice at early supper) in a randomized order. Postprandial blood glucose, insulin, satiety, and cognitive performance tests were conducted for each test meal.

▪ Keyword : probiotics, tuberculosis, inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, randomized controlled trial

▪ Content : tuberculosis. Observational studies have indicated that probiotics modulate inflammatory cytokines and metabolites; however, clinical evidence of the effect of probiotics on patients with tuberculosis is lacking. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei on inflammatory cytokines and metabolites during tu-berculosis treatment. Methods and Study Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted.

▪ Keyword : digestive system surgery, microbial immune enteral nutrition, nutritional status, immune function, intestinal flora

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) on the nutritional status of patients during the perioperative period of digestive system surgery. Methods and Study Design: The clinical data of 102 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between August 2017 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the nutritional support regimen, the patients were divided into an enteral nutrition (EN) group (50 patients) and an EIN group (52 patients).

▪ Keyword : serum uric acid, uric acid index, fructose, apple, honey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Overconsumption of drinks containing fructose increases the risk for hyperu-ricemia and gout. Comparative analysis evaluating the indicators of serum uric acid (SUA) load caused by natural food-derived fructose and pure fructose in sweeteners is lacking. We aimed to uncover the effect of fructose from apple and honey and pure fructose powder on the SUA concentration of healthy young Chi-nese individuals. Methods and Study Design: Two randomized crossover trials were performed. The partici-pants were randomly assigned to consume apple or honey (test food) or pure fructose powder (reference food); one week later, the groups’ dietary intervention was switched.

▪ Keyword : attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, stunted, underweight, overweight/obesity, school-age children, first 1000 days

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the general and nutritional health of children with attention defi-cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods and Study Design: The National Multicenter Sleep Research Database for 23791 school-age children in grades 1-6 from 9 cities in China was accessed. Children with a specialist diagnosis of ADHD or not (non-ADHD) in 2005 were studied. National anthropometric growth standards for children aged 2-18 years classified children as underweight, wasted, stunted (short stature pre-sumed nutritional), or overweight/obesity.

▪ Keyword : sarcopenia, muscle mass functions, branched chain amino acid, protein, amino acids

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary amino acid intakes are associated with the risk of sarcopenia through a community-based observational study. Methods and Study Design: A total of 1,140 participants (72.7±6.3 y) were recruited from an annual health check-up program in Qingdao, China. Skeletal muscle mass, muscle mass functions and biochemical parameters were measured by standard methods. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day, 24-hour food records. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sarcopenic risk across quartiles of amino acid intakes were cal-culated using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model.

▪ Keyword : macronutrients, cognitive function, older adults, rural area, ratios

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Energy provided by macronutrients plays a key role in healthy aging. This study therefore explored the association between macronutrients and cognitive function in elderly populations in rural areas of Qingdao, China. Methods and Study Design: This study included 1,504 participants over the age of 65 recruited from Licha Town, Qingdao City, China. Dietary intake was measured using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary macronutrient intake and cognitive function.

▪ Keyword : M Chuansangeam, C Wuthikraikun, O Supapueng, W Muangpaisan

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is potentially preventable in older people, but with varied reported prevalence. We assessed its prevalence, assessment methods, and risk factors in older Thai people. Methods and Study Design: Studies published from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2020 were searched in Med-line, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and local databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence with subgroups analysis (setting of the patient, region). Forest plots displayed sensitivity and spec-ificity for all nutritional screening tools validated against Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) with tests for heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger’s test.

▪ Keyword : bioelectric impedance analysis, body mass index, body fat, central obesity, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, visceral adiposity, waist circumference

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: South Asians are known to have excess adiposity at a low-er body mass index, with truncal fat accumulation. Whether this confers higher risk to develop severe COVID-19 is not known. This study evaluated body mass index, body fat mass and waist circumference as risk factors for COVID-19 severity and its progression, in South Asian adults. Methods and Study Design: Details of COVID-19 patients (19-90 years) were obtained prospectively, along with weight, height, waist circumference and body fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Binomial logistic and Pois-son regression were performed to test associations between waist circumference, body fat mass and body mass index to evaluate the adjusted OR or relative risk for disease severi-ty at admissio...

▪ Keyword : cow’s milk allergy, single- nucleotide polymorphism, genetic susceptibility

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in young children. Previous studies have reported that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with CMA. The extent to which SNPs contribute to the occurrence of CMA is unknown. The purpose of this study was to in-vestigate the independent relevance of genetic predisposition to CMA in Chinese children. Methods and Study Design: 200 infants with CMA and 799 healthy controls aged 0–12 months were included. Five previ-ously identified genetic variants (rs17616434, rs2069772, rs1800896, rs855791 and rs20541) were geno-typed.