Volume 32 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : perioperative, nutritional support, ERAS

▪ Content : The prevalence of malnutrition in surgical patients is high, particularly in elderly, oncologic, critically ill and morbidly obese patients. In recent years, as the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has gained in popularity, the concept and strategy of nutritional care for surgical patients has also evolved. The concept of nutritional management is relatively new in surgical patient management, which promotes integrat-ing the “nutritional screening-assessment-diagnosis-treatment” (NSADT) scheme into the preoperative, in-traoperative, postoperative, and post-discharge processes of disease treatment and rehabilitation. This article will review the practice of perioperative nutrition management in surgical patients in China.

▪ Keyword : diet quality, nutrient intake, nutritional status, zonulin

▪ Content : activation and inflammation; thus, it is proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many chronic diseases. Several studies have indicated that diet and nutritional status are risk factors for increased IP. In this mini review, we discussed the recent evidence on the association of diet, nutritional status, and in-testinal permeability assessed by zonulin concentrations in serum and feces. Methods and Study Design: Literature searching was conducted in Pubmed, ProQuest and Google Scholar using the keywords “diet quali-ty”, “intestinal permeability”, “nutritional status”, and “zonulin” combined with Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”.

▪ Keyword : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form, nutritional assessment

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease (COPD). It is impractical to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in all patients with COPD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), a simple nutritional status questionnaire, and osteoporosis, and to determine whether it can be used as a reliable screening tool for osteoporosis in patients with COPD. Methods and Study Design: Thirty-seven patients with stable COPD were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Patients with MNA-SF scores >11 were de-fined as well-nourished, and those with scores of ≤11 being at risk for malnutrition.

▪ Keyword : nutritional risk screening, stroke, rehabilitation, reliability, validity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aimed to apply a novel nutrition screening tool to stroke patients and assess its reliability and validity. Methods and Study Design: Cross-sectional data among 214 imaging-confirmed stroke patients were collected between 2015 and 2017 in two public hospitals in Hebei, China. Delphi con-sultation was conducted to evaluate the items in the NRS-S scale. Anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF), upper arm circumference (AMC) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were measured. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validi-ty and content validity were assessed.

▪ Keyword : nutritional status, umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation, malnutrition, weight-loss, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The impacts of nutritional status on clinical outcomes in children receiving umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation (UCBT) are not fully described. We evaluated the risk for mal-nutrition before transplantation admission and influence of weight loss during hospitalization on short-term clinical outcomes in children with UCBT. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients up to age 18 years who received UCBT and were treated at the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between January 2019 and December 2020.

▪ Keyword : nutrition therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome, weight loss, nutritional metabolism, intestinal microecological metabolism

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Observational studies have shown that energy restriction could be beneficial for controlling bodyweight in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aim to compare the ef-fects of a high-protein diet (HPD), a high-protein and high-dietary fiber diet (HPHFD), and a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) on metabolic health and gut microbiota in overweight/obese PCOS patients. Methods and Study Design: We will enroll a total of 90 overweight/obese PCOS patients into this eight-week open-label random-ised controlled trial.

▪ Keyword : barley, yam, glycemic index, glucose, insulin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Barley mixed rice, “Mugi gohan,” is traditionally eaten with yam paste in Ja-pan. Both ingredients contain dietary fiber and reportedly reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. However, evi-dence supporting the benefits of combining barley mixed rice with yam paste is limited. In this study, we evaluated whether ingesting a combination of barley mixed rice and yam paste affected postprandial blood glucose concentration and insulin secretion. Methods and Study Design: This study followed an open-label, randomized controlled crossover design, following the unified protocol of the Japanese Association for the Study of Glycemic Index.

▪ Keyword : resistant starch, type 2 diabetes, diet therapy, postprandial plasma glucose, incretin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Few studies exist on resistant starch in rice grains. The Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) has developed a new rice (OIST rice, OR) rich in re-sistant starch. This study aimed to clarify the effect of OR on postprandial glucose concentrations. Methods and Study Design: This single-center, open, randomized, crossover comparative study included 17 patients with type 2 diabetes. All participants completed two meal tolerance tests using OR and white rice (WR).

▪ Keyword : activities of daily living, chronic kidney disease, elderly, malnutrition, physical function

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To describe nutritional status and inflammation of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease and to confirm the association between a Malnutrition-Inflammation Score and physical func-tion and functional disability. Methods and Study Design: A total of 221 chronic kidney disease patients (aged ≥60 years) were included. A Malnutrition-Inflammation Score was used to assess malnutrition and in-flammation. Physical function was assessed using the SF-12.

▪ Keyword : nutritional status, chronic disease, senior home, older adult, malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Older adults residing in senior homes are at a high risk of malnutrition. In this study, we investigated the nutritional status of these individuals and factors associated with malnutrition in this population. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study (September 2020–January 2021) in-cluded a total of 583 older adults residing in a senior home in Shanghai (mean age, 85.0±6.6 years). The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) questionnaire was administered to assess the nutritional status of the participants. Patients with possible sarcopenia were identified according to the guidelines recommend-ed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in its 2019 consensus (AWGS 2019). Moreover, the factors influencing malnutrition were determined th...

▪ Keyword : AWGS 2019, older adult, prevalence, risk factors, sarcopenia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) recommended various measures for identifying patients with possible sarcopenia in its 2019 consensus. The present survey aimed to assess older adults in a senior home to determine the prevalence and associated factors for possible sarcope-nia and to compare the differences between various assessment pathways based on AWGS 2019 criteria. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study examined 583 participants of a senior home. Patients with possible sarcopenia were determined through the following four pathways: [I] calf circumference (CC) + handgrip strength (HGS); [II] SARC-F+HGS; (III) SARC-CalF+HGS; and (IV) CC, SARC-F, and/or SARC-CalF+HGS.

▪ Keyword : lipid emulsion, preterm infants, SMOFlipid, intralipid

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Conventional soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsions (SO-ILEs) have high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents and phytosterols that may have adverse effects in preterm infants. Recently, the multi-oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (MO-ILE), SMOFlipid, has been widely uti-lized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but significant benefits over SO-ILEs in low gestational age neonates have yet to be demonstrated. This study was performed to compare the effects of the SO-ILE, In-tralipid, and the MO-ILE, SMOFlipid, on neonatal health outcomes in preterm infants.

▪ Keyword : adolescent, children, malnutrition, nutritional status, risk factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is a major public health concern that increases morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly those in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate its prevalence, risk factors, and impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized children and adolescents. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to four tertiary care hospitals between December 2018 and May 2019. We collected demographic data, clinical information, and nutritional assessment within 48 hours of admission.

▪ Keyword : gut microbiota, cardiovascular disease, obesity, carotid intima-media thickness, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity and related target organ damage such as high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. However, the asso-ciation between gut microbiota and obesity combined with high cIMT among children remains unclear. Therefore, we compared differences in composition, community diversity, and richness of gut microbiota among normal children and obesity combined with or without high cIMT to identify differential microbiota biomarkers.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, falls, prefrailty, nutritional adequacy, older Japanese females

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Falls are common among older females. This study investigated the relation-ships among falls and dietary patterns, nutritional inadequacy and prefrailty in community-dwelling older Japanese females. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 271 females aged 65 and over. Prefrailty was defined as exhibiting one or two of the five Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Frailty was excluded (n=4). Energy, nutrient and food intakes were estimated using a validated FFQ.

▪ Keyword : cognitive performance, theobromine, dietary intake, dose-response relationship, phytochemicals

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Few studies have investigated the effects of dietary theobromine intake on the cognitive performance of older adults. Therefore, we investigated these effects in older adults in the United States. Methods and Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, we used data (2011–2014) from the Na-tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Intake of theobromine intake was obtained through two 24-h dietary recall interviews and was adjusted by energy. Cognitive performance was assessed using the animal fluency test, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were con-structed to evaluate the correlation between the di...

▪ Keyword : cognitive impairment, diet, machine learning, sex, fruit, vegetable

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The composition of the human diet is complex and diverse, and the relation-ship between dietary composition and cognitive decline has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study explored the possible association between food items and the risk of cognitive impairment. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study was based on an ecological longevity cohort and included 2881 participants (1086 men and 1795 women) aged ≥30 years between December 2018 and November 2019. The association between food items and the risk of cognitive impairment was explored using the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) learning model.

▪ Keyword : fluid intake, hydration, dehydration, physical activity, athletes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the relationship between water intake, hydration biomarkers and physical activity of young male athletes. Methods and Study Design: A 7-day cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 male athletes aged 18-25 years in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids (TDF) was ob-tained using 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire. Water from food (WFF) was assessed using the methods of food weighing, duplicate portion method and laboratory analysis. Physical activity was evaluated using physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and metabolic equivalent of task (MET).

▪ Keyword : non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dietary folate equivalent intake, dose-response, National Health and Nutrition Exami-nation Survey, U.S. adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The relationship between dietary folate intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary folate equivalent (DFE) intake and NAFLD in U.S. adults. Methods and Study Design: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 were used. NAFLD was defined as a US fatty liver index (FLI) value ≥30. DFE intake was assessed by two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multivar-iable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to investigate the association be-tween DFE intake and NAFLD risk.

▪ Keyword : gene, macronutrient, vegetarian, middle-aged, abdominal obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Evidence for gene-diet interactions is lacking among individuals with specific dietary practices including vegetarians. This study aimed to determine the interactions of rs174547 in the fat-ty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene with macronutrient such as carbohydrate (particularly fibre), protein and fat intakes on abdominal obesity among middle-aged Malaysian vegetarians of Chinese and Indian ethnicity. Methods and Study Design: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 vegetarians in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia.