Volume 4 Issue 1

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1

Appropriate technology in body composition

▪ Author : Mark L Wahlqvist
▪ Keyword : body composition, technology
▪ Content : Editorial
2

Body composition measurement in normal children: ethical and methodological limitations

▪ Author : Louise A Baur
▪ Keyword : body composition, normal children, limitation
▪ Content : There are significant ethical, practical and theoretical issues that need to be considered when measuring body composition in normal children.
3

Body composition measurement: the challenge in the unwell child

▪ Author : Julie E Bines
▪ Keyword : body composition, measurement, challenge, unwell, child
▪ Content : The assessment of body composition in the unwell child presents a significant clinical and technological challenge.
4

Physical activity and movement in children: its consequences for growth and development

▪ Author : AP Hills
▪ Keyword : physical activity, movement, children
▪ Content : The value of physical activity to health and fitness and normal growth and development is undisputed.
5

Can total body nitrogen be measured in newborn infants

▪ Author : DJ Borovnicar, DB Stroud
▪ Keyword : total body nitrogen, newborn, infants
▪ Content : The feasibility of using prompt in vivo neutron activation Analysis (IVNAA) of nitrogen to measure the total body nitrogen (TBN) of newborn infants has been investigated by redesigning and recalibrating an existing IVNAA facility sued for the measurement of TBN in adults.
6

Evaluation of bio-eelctrical impedance as a clinical tool in prospective nutritional assessment in paediatrics

▪ Author : Paul Quirk, Brian Thomas, Leigh Ward, Terry Holt, Ross Shepherd
▪ Keyword : bio-electrical impedance, clinical tool, nutritional assessment, paediatrics
▪ Content : We have compared the use of bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) to anthropometry in the prediction of changes in total body potassium (TBK) counting in a group (n=26) of children with cystic fibrosis.
7

Evaluation of multiple frequency bio-electrical impedance analysis in paediatric subjects

▪ Author : J M McCarthy, L C Ward, T L Holt, R W Shepherd
▪ Keyword : multiple frequency bio-electrical impedance, paediatric
▪ Content : The efficacy of multiple frequency bio-electrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) at discrete frequencies in predicting body cell mass, total body water, and fat-free mass compartments was investigated in healthy (n=30) and diseased (n=40) paediatric populations.
8

Body composition and the aged: what needs to be measured?

▪ Author : B Steen, I Gause-Nilsson, I Bosaeus, M Alpsten
▪ Keyword : body composition, the aged
▪ Content : Within the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Gothenburg, Sweden, body composition studies have been performed with a four-compartment model (using whole-body potassium 40 counting and dilution of isotope labelled water) for two decades, the impedance method for some years and total body nitrogen determination by in vivo neutron activation technique for the last few years.
9

Body composition and aging: a practising clinician's point of view

▪ Author : Derek M Prinsley
▪ Keyword : body composition, aging, clinician, point of view
▪ Content : Human size and shape vary widely.
10

Body composition in MesoAmerica

▪ Author : Noel W Solomons, Manolo Mazariegos
▪ Keyword : body composition, MesoAmerica
▪ Content : The fundamental paradigm for the region is short stature.
11

Body composition of ethnic groups in the US

▪ Author : Alex F Roche
▪ Keyword : body composition, ethnic groups, US
▪ Content : Total body composition has not been reported from national samples of ethnic groups in the US but the data being recorded in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey include anthropometric variables and bioelectric impedance that jointly would allow the prediction of fat-free mass and other body composition variables for individuals.
12

Appropriate technology in body composition: a brief review

▪ Author : JVGA Durnin
▪ Keyword : technology, body composition, review
▪ Content : This paper attempts to link the particular method to be used for body composition measurements to the objectives of the study.
13

Body composition and lymphocyte subsets in an Anglo-Celtic elderly population

▪ Author : Widjaja Lukito, Paul E Hutchinson, Mark L Wahlqvist, Neil W Boyce, Bridget HH Hsu-Hage, Boyd JG Strauss, Antigone Kouris-Blazos, Robyne Bainbridge
▪ Keyword : body composition, lymphocyte, Anglo-Celtic, elderly
▪ Content : Aging is accompanied by changes in body composition.
14

Technology in body composition: considerations for a traditional, elderly Indonesian population

▪ Author : Fadil Oenzil
▪ Keyword : technology, body composition, elderly, traditional, Indonesia
▪ Content : Body composition has been measured in a group of elderly people living in nursing home care in West Sumatra, Indonesia.
15

Influence of body composition on risk factors for coronary heart disease in Thai women

▪ Author : Preeya Leelahagul, Suthira Soipet, Panitda Achariyont, Ratana Pakpeankitvatana, Vichai Tanphaichitr
▪ Keyword : body composition, risk factors, coronary heart disease, Thai, women
▪ Content : Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), and body fat (BF) were determined in 453 female Ramathibodi Hospital Staff, aged 19-61 years.
16

Anthropometric indices among adult Melbourne Chinese Australians

▪ Author : Bridget HH Hsu-Hage, Mark L Wahlqvist, Karin T Idema
▪ Keyword : anthropometric indices, adult, Melbourne, Chinese Australians
▪ Content : Anthropometric indices of adult Chinese living in Melbourne, Australia, were studied.
17

Seasonal changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body composition of rural Beninese women

▪ Author : W Schultink, JMA van Raaij
▪ Keyword : seasonal changes, body weight, BMI, body composition, women, Beninese
▪ Content : Seasonal changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) of two groups of rural Beninese women were investigated throughout a one-year-cycle.
18

The interplay between nutrition and body composition

▪ Author : P Furst, H Leweling
▪ Keyword : nutrition, body composition
▪ Content : Stress and malnutrition are associated with altered body composition.
19

Measuring fat and fat-free mass: clinical significance and limitations

▪ Author : BJG Strauss
▪ Keyword : fat, fat-free mass, clinical significance, limitation
▪ Content : Measuring body composition is part of clinical nutritional assessment
20

Body composition of HIV-infected male adults with wasting syndrome

▪ Author : KJ Ellis, RJ Shypailo, BH Jenks, P Walzel, PDK Lee
▪ Keyword : body composition, HIV, adults, wasting
▪ Content : Chronic weight loss is a common characteristic of HIV infection; its full etiology remains unknown.
21

Aspects of body composition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

▪ Author : CJ Oliver, BJ Allen, J Gold
▪ Keyword : body composition, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV
▪ Content : In the mid-1980s, body composition studies of symptomatic AIDS patients, utilizing total body potassium counting and isotope dilution, indicated that the pattern of weight loss observed in advanced HIV infection was similar to a stressed or injured state, rather than one of starvation.
22

Body composition in anorexia nervosa - changes with treatment, determinants and techniques

▪ Author : J D Russell, B J Allen, J Vizzard, B Arthur, M Mira, P J Stewart, P J V Beumont
▪ Keyword : body composition, anorexia nervosa
▪ Content : Body fat, total body water and totally body nitrogen were estimated twice before and after refeeding in 32 patients with anorexia nervosa.
23

Body composition - what is measurable?

▪ Author : Alun H Beddoe
▪ Keyword : body composition
▪ Content : In 1878 Behnke noted that 'nothing is measured with greater error than the human body'.
24

Body composition studies with intravenous nutrition

▪ Author : RC Smith
▪ Keyword : body composition, intravenous nutrition
▪ Content : Intravenous nutrition is a complex nutritional support system which is used for patients who are unable to take food through the normal enteric route.
25

Body composition studies in intensive care patients: comparison of methods of measuring total body water

▪ Author : LD Plank, DN Monk, R Gupta, Franch-Arcas, J Pang, GL Hill
▪ Keyword : body composition, intensive care, patients, total body water
▪ Content : Changes in total body water (TBW) were monitored in 12 critically-ill intensive care patients using four independent methods.
26

The significance of sarcopenia in relation to health

▪ Author : Alex F Roche
▪ Keyword : sarcopenia, health
▪ Content : Sarcopenia is a lack of skeletal muscle.
27

Causes of inadequate protein-energy status in thalassemic children

▪ Author : Voravarn S Tanphaichitr, Budsaya Visuthi, Vichai Tanphaichitr
▪ Keyword : protein-energy status, thalassemia, children
▪ Content : Height-for-age, weight-for-age, triceps skinfold thickness (TST), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and mid upper arm muscle circumference (UAMC) were determined in 47 thalassemic children, ages ranging from 4-5 years.
28

Body mass index and nutritional status: the effect of adjusting body mass index for the relative sitting height on estimates of the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency, overweight and obesity

▪ Author : NG Norgan
▪ Keyword : body mass index, nutritional status
▪ Content : Low body mass index (BMI) has been proposed as a practical measure of adult chronic energy deficiency (CED), although it was well-known limitations.
29

The body cell mass and altered protein energy metabolism in cystic fibrosis

▪ Author : M Thomson, S Bucolo, B Thomas, T Holt, R Shepherd
▪ Keyword : body cell mass, protein energy metabolism, cystic fibrosis
▪ Content : To further investigate the body cell mass (BCM) in CF, as the central metabolically active body compartment, and to determine if measures used as reference standards after comparative differences in protein energy metabolism, BCM was measured by K40 analysis (n=144 CF, 69 M, 71F, ages 0.3-17 years) related to age and gender control date (n=1478).
30

Hormones, body composition and cardiovascular risk

▪ Author : Lars Sjostrom, Magne Alpsten, Bjorn Andersson, Bengt-Ake Bengtsson, Calle Bengtsson, Per Bjorntorp, Ingvar Bosaeus, Robert Jan Brummer, Badrul Chowdhury et al
▪ Keyword : hormone, body composition, cardiovascular risk
▪ Content : Some 20 compartments of the body may be measured by CT and organ areas determined in 28 CT scans.
31

The effects of growth hormone on body composition

▪ Author : Robert-Jan M Brummer, Bengt-Ake Bengtsson
▪ Keyword : growth hormone, body composition
▪ Content : The action of growth hormone (GH) on longitudinal bone growth is well known and easily recognized.
32

Future technologies

▪ Author : Brian J Thomas
▪ Keyword : future technologies
▪ Content : Research and development in the area of body composition has undergone considerable changes in the last decade.
33

Quality control in body composition measurements

▪ Author : DB Stroud, DJ Borovnicar, DW Xiong
▪ Keyword : quality control, body composition, measurement
▪ Content : The principles of quality control (QC) are not new; they have always been with mankind.
34

Bone densitometry: relevance to health care

▪ Author : Ego Seeman
▪ Keyword : bone densitometry, health care
▪ Content : Since low bone density is a risk for fracture, the relevance of bone densitometry as a basis for health care assessment needs to be elucidated.
35

Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - a review of the technology

▪ Author : RH Nord, RK Payne
▪ Keyword : body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, review
▪ Content : This paper begins with a fundamental description of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique for measurement of bone mineral.
36

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry vs underwater weighting - comparison of strengths and weaknesses

▪ Author : RH Nord, RK Payne
▪ Keyword : dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, underwater weighing
▪ Content : This paper discusses a number of strengths and weaknesses of two methods for determination of body fat, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and underwater weight (UWW).
37

A new equation set for converting body density to percent body fat

▪ Author : RH Nord, RK Payne
▪ Keyword : new, equation set, body density, body fat
▪ Content : One source of error in the underwater weighing (UWW) method of body fat determination is variability in bone mass as a fraction of total nonfat mass.
38

The value and limitation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

▪ Author : JE Harrison, C Muller, SS Krishnan, SW Kooh, E Noriega, C Leslie, KG McNeill
▪ Keyword : value, limitation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA
▪ Content : In population studies, in which patients and controls are of comparable size, bone mineral area density (BMD) gives reliable results for mean bone mass data although, with sequential data, BMD may under-estimate the degree of change in bone mass.
39

Fat-free mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and from other procedures

▪ Author : Alex F Roche, Shumei Guo, Rita Wellens, WM Cameron Chumlea, Xiaoyin Wu, Roger M Siervogel
▪ Keyword : fat-free mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA
▪ Content : Fat-free mass (FFM) values were obtained for 99 males and 114 females (8-68 years) who are participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study.
40

Whole body measurement of C, N and O using 14 MeV neutrons and the associated particle time-of-flight technique

▪ Author : S Mitra, JE Wolff, R Garrett, CW Peters
▪ Keyword : whole body, measurement, C, N, O
▪ Content : Our aim has been to construct a portable prototype instrument for measuring the whole body composition in vivo of growing lambs in terms of fat, protein and water by determining the mass of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen present.
41

Errors in determination of total body protein by in vivo neutron activation of nitrogen due to non-uniform neutron fluence inside the patient

▪ Author : Jukka Tolli, Lars Larsson, Magne Alpsten
▪ Keyword : error, total body protein, neutron activation, nitrogen
▪ Content : Total body protein can be estimated by in vivo neutron activation of nitrogen.
42

Problems associated with using in vivo proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify liver fat

▪ Author : SJ Marks, RM Dixon, P Styles, NG Ryley, TD Hockaday
▪ Keyword : proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liver fat
▪ Content : In-vivo 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of the liver were obtained in 8 patients admitted for liver biopsy.
43

High frequency energy absorption and the measurement of limb muscle

▪ Author : Alex F Roche, Rita Wellens, Shumei Guo, Roger M Siervogel, Michael D Boska, Allan Northeved, Kim F Michaelsen
▪ Keyword : high frequency energy absorption, limb muscle
▪ Content : High frequency energy absorption (HFEA) is being developed as a portable, inexpensive, non-invasive procedure for the measurement of muscle mass within cross-sections of limbs.
44

Using low-cost body composition technology for health surveillance

▪ Author : D Prijatmoko, BJG Strauss
▪ Keyword : low-cost, body composition technology, health surveillance
▪ Content : Standards for skinfold thickness and abdominal/hip ratio have been published which facilitate the evaluation of body composition as an index of health risk and can be used to determine the degree to which lifestyle modification may be required.
45

Low-cost appropriate technologies for body composition assessment: a field researcher's view

▪ Author : Noel W Solomons, Manolo Mazariegos
▪ Keyword : low-cost, technologies, body composition assessment
▪ Content : The field setting, as distinct from the clinical and laboratory settings, relates to the study of populations and subpopulations.
46

Clinical needs and opportunities in assessing body composition

▪ Author : Vichai Tanphaichitr, Prreya Leelahagul
▪ Keyword : clinical needs, opportunities, body composition
▪ Content : Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and obesity are hazardous to health with high morbidity and mortality rates.
47

The elite athlete - assessing body shape, size, proportion and composition

▪ Author : DA Kerr, TR Ackland, AB Schreiner
▪ Keyword : elite athlete, body shape, proportion. composition
▪ Content : In the quest to optimize performance of the elite athlete the sport scientist has sought to determine the ideal physique for a given sport or event.
48

Role of body protein as a prognostic indicator in wasting disease

▪ Author : BJ Allen, CA Pollock, J Russell, C Oliver, R Smith
▪ Keyword : body protein, indicator, wasting
▪ Content : Malnutrition is associated with many chronic diseases, through its extent and effect is not well known.
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