Volume 9 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : apolipoprotein, cardiovascular disease, dietary pattern, fatty acid, fat consumption

▪ Content : This study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of serum fatty acids, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein of three populations in North Vietnam: rural area with low income (n = 101), suburban with average income (n = 97), and urban with high income (n = 95). The results showed the suburban and urban populations had higher fat intake than the rural.

▪ Keyword : dietary habits, elderly, food intakes

▪ Content : A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out on 350 elderly Malays aged 60 and above from 11 randomly selected villages in a rural area on the east coast of Malaysia. The findings indicated that the mean intakes of energy and of all of the nutrients investigated were below the Malaysian Recommended Dietary Allowances, except for protein and vitamin C.

▪ Keyword : antagonistic, Bifidobacteria infantis, pathogen, probiotic, Salmonella typhimurium

▪ Content : Probiotic organism Bifidobacteria was isolated from the faeces of breast-fed infants at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Trypticase phytone peptone yeast extract agar (TPY) was used as a selective media for the isolation. Morphological examination of the isolates indicated that Bifidobacteria was Gram-positive rods in nature, curved with characteristics of V and Y shapes. T

▪ Keyword : antioxidants, chemoprevention, garlic, glutathione, lipid peroxidation

▪ Content : The modifying effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis were investigated in male Wistar rats. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver of tumour-bearing animals was accompanied by significant decreases in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels.

▪ Keyword : energy measurement, enteral nutrition, persistent vegetative state

▪ Content : The basal metabolism and daily energy consumption of eight cases of the persistent vegetative state were low.Some received excessive energy and inappropriate essential nutrient infusions.

▪ Keyword : atherosclerosis, cholesterolemia, dietary fat

▪ Content : Research on the effects of dietary fat on cholesterolemia and coronary risk began with comparisons of the amount and type of fat (saturated vs unsaturated). It then became clear that not all fatty acids had similar cholesterolemic effects and equations were derived which gave different weights to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We now find that the triglyceride structure also plays a role in cholesterolemia as suggested by the studies of Kritchevsky and Tepper in rabbits and McGandy et al. in human subjects

▪ Keyword : chemical mediators, cytokines, food allergy, immunoglobulins, polyunsaturated fatty acids

▪ Content : Dietary fat plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of a range of immune reactions. In food allergies, especially in type I allergic reactions, dietary fat can modulate the development of clinical symptoms through influencing the production of immunoglobulins (Ig), cytokines and chemical mediators.

▪ Keyword : carbohydrate, diabetes, food composition data, glycaemia, glycaemic glucose equivalents, nutrition software

▪ Content : A computer system, called SERVE-NZ Nutririon Management System, for use in diabetes management, addresses the problem of concurrently controlling postprandial glycaemic response and nutrient intake in meals containing a number of foods, is described. It converts the weight and relative glycaemic potency of each food to its content of glycaemic glucose equivalents (GGE) – the amount of glucose theoretically inducing the same blood glucose response as would the specified quantity of food.

▪ Keyword : distal colon, faecal bulk, water-holding capacity, wheat bran equivalents

▪ Content : Bulk in the distal colon provides protection against a range of large bowel disorders, but a simple standardized measure of the relative bulking efficacy of foods, for use in dietary management of distal colonic bulk, has not been available. This paper describes a faecal bulking index (FBI) for standardized measurement of the relative colonic bulking efficacy of foods relative to a reference material.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, nutritional status, young Chinese adults in Malaysia

▪ Content : A nutritional status study was carried out among a group of young Chinese adults, aged between 19 and 25, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Subjects comprised 108 young adults (55 women, 53 men) who were students at two institutes of higher learning. Physical characteristics were evaluated by anthropometric measurements while food intake was determined with a 3-day food record. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed using the Reflotron analyser.

▪ Keyword : anaemia, China, growth, nutrition education, nutrition improvement

▪ Content : A nutrition surveillance and nutritional improvement programme through nutrition field worker training, nutrition education and encouraging the utilization of home gardens was undertaken among rural preschoolaged children in the four counties of Linshu, Caoxin, Zoucheng and Yucheng in Shandong Province in China from 1990 to 1995.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance, body composition, body mass index, percentage body fat

▪ Content : Body composition was measured in 205 male and female Beijing Chinese and in 148 male and female Singaporean Chinese, age 34 (mean) (range 18–68) years and body mass index (BMI) 22.3 (15.9–38.5) kg/m2. In Beijing Siri’s two-compartment model based on densitometry was used as a reference technique and in Singapore Siri’s three-compartment model based on densitometry and deuterium oxide dilution was used.

▪ Keyword : excretion levels, goitre, iodine deficiency disorders, iodized salt, urinary iodine

▪ Content : Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India. Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, is a known IDD endemic area. A study conducted in 1986 reported a total goitre rate of 24.9% in the entire population of Meerut district. During 1990–97 intensive efforts were taken by the Uttar Pradesh Government to ensure universal availability of iodized salt to the population.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry, diet and nutrition, Palau, pregnant women, young children

▪ Content : This study examines the diet and body constitution of a small sample of pregnant women, n = 27, and children, n = 32, enrolled in the Maternal and Child Health program at the Public Health/Community Health Center in Koror, Palau. Twenty-four hour diet recalls were collected from both groups, 17 anthropometric and body composition measurements were made on the women and a range of body measurements from height to a full battery of 28 measures were obtained from the children. Diets were found to be low in energy, calcium and zinc.

▪ Keyword : adolescents, adults, children, cholesterol, Malaysia

▪ Content : The present study is unique in the Malaysian context on two counts; first, it employs for the first time a functional group approach (groups based on occupational or economic activity) in the assessment of community nutritional status. Second, the study provides on a nationwide-sampling basis, information on total blood cholesterol (TC) levels in rural children (7.0–12.9 years; n = 1921) and adolescents (13.0–17.9 years; n = 753) which were hitherto unavailable.