Volume 10 Issue 3

▪ Keyword : analysis, Central Highlands, dietary folate intake, folate sources, Mekong Delta

▪ Content : Data on the overall dietary folate intakes among high-risk groups in poor countries is very limited. Vegetables are considered good sources but the evaluation of their contribution is hampered by the lack of data on folate concentrations in many traditional foods. Data on the analysis of folate concentrations in 16 wild vegetables used in the Mekong Delta and the Central Highlands in Vietnam and an evaluation of the relative importance of different foods in folate intakes of women is presented.

▪ Keyword : fibre, Indonesia, isoflavone aglucone, mineral, mucuna tempe

▪ Content : The aim of the present study was to obtain the nutritive and bioactive compounds of mucuna tempe and the consumer preference of its formulated snack. The tempe was made traditionally from mucuna prurience seeds using ‘ragi tempe’ as inoculants. Proximate, vitamin, mineral and dietary fibre analysis was done using the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, isoflavone was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an RP-18 column and a UV detector.

▪ Keyword : energy output, exercise, Japanese, protein supplement, resting metabolic rate

▪ Content : We have reported that ingesting a meal immediately after exercise increased skeletal muscle accretion and less adipose tissue accumulation in rats employed in a 10 week resistance exercise program. We hypothesized that a possible increase in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of the larger skeletal muscle mass might be responsible for the less adipose deposition.

▪ Keyword : abdominal fat, D-psicose, Japan, lipogenesis, liver, rat

▪ Content : D-Psicose (D-ribo-2-hexulose), a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is present in small quantities in commercial carbohydrate complexes or agricultural products. Wistar male rats were fed experimental diets which consisted of 5% D-psicose, cellulose, D-fructose or D-glucose for 28 days. Abdominal adipose tissue weight was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats fed the D-psicose diet than in rats fed a D-fructose and D-glucose diets, even though the four dietary groups were offered the same amount throughout the experimental period.

▪ Keyword : chemoprevention, chromosomal aberrations, clastogen, garlic, gastric cancer, India

▪ Content : The modulatory effects of garlic extract on the in vivo clastogenicity of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a carcinogenic nitrosamine, were evaluated by quantification of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in metaphase cells from the bone marrow of male Wistar rats.

▪ Keyword : dietary fibre, faecal bulk, faecal bulking index, New Zealand, wheat bran equivalents

▪ Content : Wheat bran equivalents for faecal bulking (WBEfb) are defined as the gram quantity of wheat bran that would augment faecal bulk to the same extent as a given quantity of a specified food, and its development as a food datum for the dietary management of distal colonic bulk is discussed in this paper.

▪ Keyword : activities of daily living, elderly, Guatemala, International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS), mortality

▪ Content : This study examined the association of self-rated health with physical function and emotional well-being, while controlling for differences in sex, age and anthropometry. Subjects were participants in a multicentre study originated by the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS).

▪ Keyword : diabetes, dietary trends, indigenous Fijians, introduced foods, traditional Fijian foods

▪ Content : The dietary trends of indigenous Fijians have changed drastically in the past 50 years. Deviating from the traditional food consumption pattern and traditional lifestyle may have increased the incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary trends of the indigenous Fijians in relation to the prevalence of diabetes from 1952 to 1994.

▪ Keyword : diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetes risk factors, dietary patterns, Fijian women, glycosuria

▪ Content : The dietary patterns of indigenous Fijians are changing rapidly. Dietary relationships in regard to the prevalence of diabetes are poorly studied in Fiji. A survey was conducted to show the relationship of dietary patterns and other lifestyle factors for the development of diabetes among urban indigenous women in Fiji. A sample of 200 Fijian women aged 30–39 who agreed to participate were interviewed by the use of semiquantitative food frequency, 3 day-24 h recall study.

▪ Keyword : India, plasma folate, plasma homocysteine, red blood cell folate

▪ Content : The prevalence of subclinical deficiencies of folate and vitamin B6 in India is high and preliminary investigation showed higher mean plasma total homocysteine level in Indians compared with the values reported for western populations. The present study was carried out in 40 apparently normal men to examine the relationship between plasma total homocysteine level and folate and vitamin B6 status. The mean plasma homocysteine level was high and was inversely related to folate status as judged by red blood cells or plasma folate concentrations. There was no significant relationship between fasting homocysteine level and vitamin B6 status.

▪ Keyword : Japan, Japanese Brazilian, rice, São Paulo, selenium, serum, Tokyo

▪ Content : Selenium (Se) concentrations were determined in human serum, rice and wheat flour sampled in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and compared with those sampled in Tokyo, Japan. Serum levels of Se were significantly lower in Japanese Brazilians than Japanese living in Tokyo. The samples of rice consumed by Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo contained 22.7 ng Se/g on average, which was about half the selenium level in rice consumed in Tokyo. Rice commonly consumed in São Paulo might be one of the factors to lower the serum level of Se.

▪ Keyword : Australia, children, diabetes, iodine deficiency, pregnant women

▪ Content : Iodine is an essential nutrient for human growth and development. The thyroid gland is dependent upon iodine for production of thyroid hormone. It is a common perception that iodine deficiency is not a major public health concern in mainland Australia, with sporadic studies carried out about a decade ago showing average urinary iodine excretion levels of around 200 µg/day. Recent evidence, however, has shown that the consumption of iodine is declining in Australia. A similar situation has occurred in the USA.

▪ Keyword : Australia, cholesterol, isoflavones, linseed, polyunsaturated fatty acids, postmenopausal women

▪ Content : Foods such as breads and breakfast cereals enriched with a combination of soy protein (soy grits and/or soy flour) and whole linseed are gaining popularity. Regular consumption of either whole grains or soy protein can lower risk factors for coronary heart disease. Furthermore, linseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (LNA), with purported cardiovascular benefits.

▪ Keyword : Australia, coenzyme Q10, double-blind crossover study, serum levels

▪ Content : Studies of the therapeutic efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have been confounded by the variable bioavailability of numerous CoQ10 preparations. The aims of the present study were to determine the early serum levels attained by two different preparations of CoQ10, a soybean oil-based preparation and a complex micelle emulsion and to assess whether these preparations of oral CoQ10 influence plasma lipid profiles.