Volume 11 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : ageing, chronic disease, diet, evolution, lifestyle

▪ Content : Nutrition and the extremes of life: dilemmas and enigmas of advanced old age

▪ Keyword : body fat, high-fat diet, metabolisable energy, rat, uncoupling protein

▪ Content : The effects of dietary fats, consisting of different fatty acids, on body fat accumulation and uncoupling protein (UCP) in interscapular brown adipose tissue were studied in rats. Metabolisable energy in experimental diets based on safflower oil, soybean oil or beef tallow was measured strictly (experiment 1). Male Wistar rats were then meal-fed an isoenergetic diet for 8 weeks (experiment 2).

▪ Keyword : aspirin, gastric lesions, tocopherol, tocotrienol

▪ Content : This study examined the effects of a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) obtained from palm oil on the healing of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions. Thirty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was fed a vitamin E-deficient diet (control), Group II was fed a vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with tocopherol (300 mg/kg food) and Group III was fed a vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with TRF (300 mg/kg food).

▪ Keyword : curcumin, dosages, gall bladder, Malaysia

▪ Content : Our previous study demonstrated that curcumin, an active compound of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and C. domestica, produces a positive cholekinetic effect. A 20 mg amount of curcumin is capable of contracting the gall bladder by up to 29% within an observation time of 2 h.

▪ Keyword : antioxidants, high-fructose diet, insulin, lipid peroxidation, metformin

▪ Content : Increased lipid peroxidation plays a role in the pathology associated with fructose feeding. The present study reports the effects of metformin on the liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system of rats fed a highfructose diet. The experimental animals were divided into two batches of 12 animals each. The control batch received a control diet containing 60% starch; the second batch was given a high-fructose diet containing 60% fructose as the sole source of carbohydrate.

▪ Keyword : dietary iron, infant, iron deficiency anaemia, iron deficiency, longitudinal study

▪ Content : The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the energy, iron, zinc, calcium and vitamin C intakes of a group of healthy term Caucasian infants resident in Dunedin, New Zealand, prospectively from age 9 months to 2 years; and (ii) to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among these infants.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, children, developing country, hospital, nutrition problem

▪ Content : Nutritional assessment reveals the nutritional status of a patient. It thereby helps identify each patient’s need for specific nutritional care and facilitates early intervention. Generally, the common nutrition and nutrition-related problems in hospitalised paediatric patients are: protein energy malnutrition in various degrees; vitamin deficiencies such as A, B1, B2, niacin, folic acid, K and E; mineral deficiencies such as Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, P, K and Na; essential fatty acid deficiencies; carbohydrate intolerance; maldigestion and malabsorption; and overweight and obesity.

▪ Keyword : anaemic pregnant women, iron-folate, low-dosage vitamin A, riboflavin

▪ Content : A double-blind, placebo, controlled trial was conducted in Banyudono subdistrict, Boyolali regency, Central Java province, Indonesia. The aim of the study was to determine whether adding low-dosage vitamin A and riboflavin can enhance the effect of iron-folate supplementation in anaemic pregnant women.

▪ Keyword : apple, bone turnover, calcium, magnesium, milk, parathyroid hormone

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of magnesium-enriched, high-calcium milk on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. We recruited 50 healthy postmenopausal women to take part in this randomised controlled study.

▪ Keyword : breakfast cereals, dietary fibre, faecal bulk, wheat bran equivalents

▪ Content : The correspondence between the dietary fibre contents of 28 breakfast cereals and their faecal bulking efficacies was measured and used to assess criterion values controlling nutrient claims for dietary fibre. A valid, standardised rat assay was used to measure faecal bulking efficacy as the content of wheat bran equivalents for faecal bulk (WBEfb) in the cereals.

▪ Keyword : microcapsule, n-3 fatty acid, tuna oil

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to determine the acute and chronic effects of low doses of long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (<100 mg per day) on plasma LC n-3 PUFA levels using a novel delivery form; bread containing microencapsulated tuna oil (MTO). Six omnivores (three men and three women) participated in the acute study, which involved ingesting a prototype MTO bread containing approximately 80 mg of LC n-3 PUFA/four slices.

▪ Keyword : cadmium, cyclooxygenase, green tea catechin, lipoxygenase, prostaglandin

▪ Content : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechin on the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in chronic cadmium-poisoned rats. Sprague–Dawley male rats weighing 100 ± 10 g were randomly assigned to one normal and three cadmium-poisoned groups. The cadmium groups were classified as catechin-free diet group (Cd-0C), 0.25% catechin diet group (Cd-0.25C) and 0.5% catechin diet group (Cd-0.5C), in accordance with the level of catechin supplement.

▪ Keyword : black tea, calcium binding capacity, green tea, oolong tea

▪ Content : Thirty-two commercially available teas consisting of green, oolong and black teas were bought from supermarkets in Christchurch, New Zealand in June 2001. Fifteen herbal teas were also purchased at the same time. The soluble oxalate content of the infusate made from each of the teas was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography.