Issue 3

▪ Keyword : nutrient discoveries, evidence based nutrition, new nutrition science, personalized nutrition, sustainable healthy diet

▪ Content : Human history began with the understanding of food, including what can be eaten, what cannot be eaten, and what is beneficial for health. This is the earliest and simplest form of food nutrition for humans. The history of nutrition, from ancient dietary habits to modern nutritional science as we know it today, is a fascinating journey spanning thousands of years. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development history of human nutrition.

▪ Keyword : nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, nutritional diagnosis tools, CiteSpace, visual analytics

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutrition is important in promoting health and preventing disease, while mal-nutrition can exacerbate disease symptoms and lead to adverse clinical outcomes in patients. The process of nutritional diagnosis and treatment includes nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, and nutritional therapy. This study aims to understand the number of publications, cooperation of research subjects, progress of research content, and research hotspots of nutritional risk screening and assessment, and then identify the future trends and directions of global nutritional screening.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes, diet carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate restriction, randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the improvement of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. Methods and Study Design: Randomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Primary outcomes included: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG); and secondary outcomes included: BMI, fasting insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment−Insulin Resistance (HOMA−IR).

▪ Keyword : cow’s milk protein allergy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention

▪ Content : Cow’s milk protein allergy is an adverse immune reaction to proteins found in cow’s milk, primarily casein and whey, affecting artificially fed, breastfed and mixed-fed infants. The immunological mechanisms involved lead to diverse clinical presentations, most commonly affecting the digestive, respiratory, and integumentary systems. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical evaluation due to the absence of specific diagnostic tests, making accurate identification crucial to prevent misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis.

▪ Keyword : behavioural interventions, obesity, lifestyle intervention, weight loss, weight maintenance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Behavioural strategies can promote adherence to intensive lifestyle treatments for obesity. This study aimed to explore effective behavioural strategies for weight maintenance in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. Methods and Study Design: Retrospective analysis of weight mainte-nance data was conducted. Patients with overweight or obesity, who had received a 3-month weight loss and behavioural intervention, were asked to complete questionnaires to monitor compliance with behavioural strategies after the weight loss. They continued to follow a daily calorie restriction for 12 months to maintain their weight.

▪ Keyword : hemodialysis, low-protein supplements, protein-energy wasting, nutritional status, malnutrition inflammation score

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and is strongly associated with mortality and adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effects of low-protein energy supplements on the nutritional status of MHD patients with PEW. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial in 68 MHD patients suffering from PEW. Patients randomized to the intervention group received dietary counseling along with daily low-protein supplements containing 212 kcal of energy and 2.4 g of protein every day for 3 months.

▪ Keyword : gastrointestinal surgery, malnutrition, gastric cancer, colon cancer, anorectal cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are at high risk for malnutrition because of reduced food intake, poor digestion, and altered absorption. Methods and Study Design: In a retrospective review of medical records for patients admitted to urban hospitals in an Asian nation for GI tumor surgery (gastric, colon, or anorectal cancers), we found that malnutrition was common yet often overlooked. Our review identified records for 349 adult GI-tumor surgery patients. The Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) was the most frequently used screening instrument.

▪ Keyword : acrodermatitis enteropathica, acquired zinc deficiency, zinc gluconate, skin biopsy, total parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), a rare dermatological condition, often stems from nutritional zinc deficiency linked to prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). This study aims to explore the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment approaches for AE, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention. Methods and Study Design: A 51-year-old female patient with acquired AE presented with widespread erythema, pustules, and itching. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including various tests and skin biopsy pathology, confirmed the diagnosis.

▪ Keyword : artificial intelligence, machine learning, nutritional risk, ICU, critical illness

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Critically ill patients require individualized nutrition support, with assessment tools like Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill scores. Challenges in continuous nutrition care prompt the need for innovative solutions. This study develops an artificial intelligence assisted nutrition risk evaluation model using explainable machine learning to support intensive care unit dietitians. Methods and Study Design: Ethical approval was obtained for a retrospective analysis of 2,122 pa-tients.

▪ Keyword : home enteral nutrition, tube feeding, family caregivers, tube feeding management, nutrition follow-up service

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Globally, there is an increasing trend in the number of individuals utilizing home enteral nutrition (HEN). In China, HEN is currently at a nascent stage. We aim to investigate the current situation of home enteral tube feeding (HETF) caregivers to provide more convenient services and assistance to them in China. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a questionnaire survey among family caregivers of enteral tube feeding patients preparing for hospital discharge to assess their awareness, needs, and preferences for resources.

▪ Keyword : sleeve gastrectomy, obesity, weight loss, dietary habits, Saudi Arabia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a commonly utilized surgical procedure for managing weight and patients must adopt healthy lifestyle practices and dietary modifications to sustain weight loss and prevent relapse. This study aims to evaluate the dietary habits, levels of physical activity, and weight outcomes among Saudi women post-gastric sleeve surgery. Methods and Study Design: This study involved 352 female participants aged 20 to 50, who had undergone gastric sleeve surgery. The Bariatric Patients As-sociation, Bariatric World and Patients Forum were also used and contacted via phone. Surveys were used to ascertain their physical activity levels and dietary behaviors; a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was also utilized and each participant’s BMI was calcu...

▪ Keyword : irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP, diet therapy, treatment response, predictive markers

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) di-et is an effective dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet up to 50% of patients fail to respond adequately. Identifying reliable predictors of response could optimize treatment selection and improve treatment outcomes while avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions. This narrative review examines current evidence for predictors of response to the low FODMAP diet and highlights gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to develop clinically useful indicators for routine practice. Methods and Study Design: We re-viewed the literature on the low FODMAP diet, and studies investigating factors that may predict treatment response, including clinical, diagnostic, biologic...

▪ Keyword : Japanese diet, dietary quality, dietary reference intakes, nutritional survey, nutrient adequacy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition. In Japan, a meal combining staple food, main dish, and side dish is considered a balanced diet. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food, main dish, and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults. All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture.

▪ Keyword : Chinese middle-aged, healthy aging, dietary quality, health awareness, nutritional supplements and fortified foods

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the nutritional challenges and its influencing factors of adults aged 40-69 living in Chinese cities. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 300 subjects from 29 cities in China. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, presence of chronic disease, and the use of nutritional supplements and fortified foods. 24-hour food intake was recorded using the Eat-Right Assistant, a validated digital service

▪ Keyword : weight-adjusted-waist index, serum ferritin, hyperferritinemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the correlation between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a novel obesity index, and serum ferritin (SF) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the association between WWI and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia. Methods and Study Design: A total of 943 patients with T2DM were divided into three groups based on WWI tertile levels. Disparities in SF levels and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia were compared among these groups. The correlations among WWI, SF levels, and hyperferritinemia were analyzed in patients with T2DM.

▪ Keyword : Graves’ disease, micronutrient, mendelian randomization, single nucleotide polymorphism, casual relationship

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Exploring the effects of circulating micronutrients on Graves' disease (GD) through observational research or randomized controlled trials has drawn more attention. In order to investigate the putative causal inference, we provide an illustrative estimate of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods and Study Design: Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary approach to determine the causal relationships between micronutrients level and GD.

▪ Keyword : anemia, nutritional, non-nutritional, iron deficiency, thalassemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Anemia is a major health problem worldwide, with complex etiologies and significantly affecting the quality of life and health outcomes. In Indonesia, anemia is a public health concern with a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and infectious disease factors. The prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia from 2007 to 2018. This study aims to explore factors contributing to anemia in Indonesia. Methods and Study Design: We used archived data from various population studies collected between 1995 and 2023. A total of 5,486 subjects from 17 study populations in Indonesia were included in the analyses.

▪ Keyword : Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, triglyceride-glucose index

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the predictive power of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for poor prognosis in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Study Design: A cohort of 393 NSTE-ACS patients who underwent PCI at the People’s Hospital of Nanjing Jiangbei from 2016 to 2022 was analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, served as the primary outcome.

▪ Keyword : dietary assessment, Food Frequency questionnaire, FFQ, validity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Repeating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) within the same population was reported to improve the validity of correlation coefficient (CC). However, the enhancement of validity in ranking agreement remains underreported. Herein, we assessed the validity of energy and nutrient intake estimates using single and multiple FFQs and their ability to rank individuals. Methods and Study Design: 213 men and women aged ≥20 years were recruited from the residents participating in the Tohoku Medical Mega-bank Project (TMM) cohort studies; three FFQs were conducted in November each year from 2019 to 2021, with 12-day weighted food records (WFRs) as the reference method.

▪ Keyword : children, iodine, thyroid, BSA, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid volume (TVOL) and physical development of children, and explore the suitable TVOL correction methods. Methods and Study Design: 1500 children aged 8-10 years from Gansu province northwest China were selected. The height (H), weight (W), urine iodine of children was measured and their thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and TVOL were calculated (BSA calculated by three formulas). The relationship between TVOL and age, sex, physical development was analyzed.

▪ Keyword : male osteoporosis, TyG, TyG-BMI, cohort study, old people

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obese and diabetic individuals tend to have insulin resistance, but are less likely to develop osteoporosis. The association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related indices with osteoporosis remains controversial, and longitudinal evidence exploring the male osteoporosis (MOP) is limited. This study aims to examine TyG, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) with osteoporosis risk among older men.

▪ Content : The classification for underweight adults, defined as a body mass index (BMI; <18.5 kg/m²) by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been consistent glob-ally with respect to populations. Although the WHO has recognized that body composition and health risks differ according to ethnicity by offering adjusted BMI cut-offs for overweight and obesity (23–24.9 kg/m² for overweight and ≥25 kg/m² for obesity) in Asian-populations,1 the underweight threshold has strangely not been modified. Because there is evidence of unique physiological and metabolic profiles of Asian populations the applicability of this uniformity to Asian populations remains as an important question.