Volume 14 Supplement 1

▪ Keyword : diet, aging, evolution, health, chronic disease

▪ Content : In terms of the ancestral genome of Homo sapiens, 90% of our genetic adaptation has come in the context of various hunter-gatherer settings, in which food variety was diverse and balanced between the Animal and Plant Kingdoms, and life-expectancy was short.

▪ Keyword : Alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids

▪ Content : Epidemiological studies as well as randomised dietary trials suggest that Mediterranean diet may be important in relation with the pathogenesis (and prevention) of coronary heart disease (CHD). For instance, a striking protective effect of an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich Mediterranean diet was reported in the Lyon Diet Heart Study with a 50 to 70 % reduction of the risk of recurrence after 4 years of follow-up in CHD patients.

▪ Keyword : secondary prevention of heart disease, cardioprotective diet, plaque inflammation

▪ Content : Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) usually focuses on risk reduction in patients with established CHD who are at high risk of recurrent cardiac events and death from cardiac causes.

▪ Keyword : nutrition, physicians, family, computer-assisted instruction, diet therapy

▪ Content : The aim of this project was to improve clinical nutrition practice amongst Australian general practitioners by offering of web-based learning as a medium for integrating clinical nutrition into general practice. Eleven nutrition units were developed in conjunction with nutritionists at www.healthyeatingclub.org and offered as part of an existing comprehensive online continuing professional development program comprising 400 educational units and offered free to Australian General Practitioners.

▪ Keyword : obesity, weight reduction programs, weight loss pills, weight management

▪ Content : The prevalence of obesity in the Australian adult population has increased from 8.1% in 1981 to 18% in 1995 and 20.5% in 2000. Similarly, the estimated cost of obesity has risen from $840 million in 1992/93 to $1,520 million in 2003.

▪ Keyword : global malnutrition , poverty, economic development, underweight children, hidden hunger

▪ Content : This review is premised on the importance of reducing both underweight prevalence of children, as the key policy variable for hunger reduction, but also reducing “hidden hunger” - the micronutrient deficiencies that rob life, health, ability and productivity.

▪ Keyword : Environmental change, population, climate change, food production, health

▪ Content : Worldwide degradation of arable land, freshwater depletion and the loss of biodiversity are three of several ongoing ‘global environmental changes’ that endanger the biosphere’s human utility – including food supplies, an essential, ‘utility’. The degradation of local and regional food-producing environmental assets is a familiar story historically.

▪ Keyword : nutritional dilemmas, Africa, child health, HIV/AIDS orphans, poverty

▪ Content : In spite of the natural endowment in Africa, the problems of hunger and under nutrition still remain the bane of human development. Problems related to nutrition are critical constraints to economic growth and these have been exacerbated with HIV/AIDS epidemics, leading to an increase in the number of orphans in Africa.

▪ Keyword : longevity, ageing, healthy living, food industry, regional communities

▪ Content : The effective management of the health and fiscal implications of an ageing society requires a proactive rather than reactive response to meeting the needs of older persons, particularly in regional communities.

▪ Keyword : food labels, health claims, nutrient claims, public policy, food standards

▪ Content : The joint food standards regulator for Australia and New Zealand is currently working on a proposal to allow nutrition, health and related claims to appear on the labelling of foods. This paper describes the policy within which this proposal is being developed and sets out the degree of substantiation that must be met before such a claim can be permitted.

▪ Keyword : intestinal health, gut microflora, probiotics, intestinal inflammation, nutraceuticals

▪ Content : Many diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes (Type 2), intestinal inflammation and allergies can arise from imbalances of microflora in the gastrointestinal tract.

▪ Keyword : Fish oil, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory diseases

▪ Content : With regard to anti-inflammatory effects of diet away from the gut, altering the balance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in favour of n-3 PUFA provides the best documented examples of effective dietary intervention.

▪ Keyword : genetic polymorphisms for cardiovascular risk, hepatic lipase, blood lipids

▪ Content : Socio-economic development and progressive urbanization has been accompanied by an increase in the rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries. The cause of this increase is multifactorial. It is very likely that changes in lifestyle (particularly diet and physical activity) play an important role.