Volume 19 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : adolescents, bone mineral accretion, calcium supplementation, body composition, China

▪ Content : Objective: to study the effects of different doses of calcium intake on bone health and body composition in Chinese adolescents. Methods: a double-blind randomized controlled trial of calcium carbonate supplementation in 257 healthy adolescents aged 12-15 years old for 24 months. Subjects were randomly assigned to four groups receiving chewable calcium carbonate tablets providing elemental calcium at 63 mg/d, 354 mg/d, 660 mg/d, 966 mg/d, respectively.

▪ Keyword : nutritional assessment, disabled child, anthropometry, malnutrition, diet

▪ Content : Background: Malnutrition can potentially prone a disabled child to further morbidities thus imposing further suffering to the affected child and his/her family. This is the first report on the nutritional status of physically disabled children from Iran.

▪ Keyword : iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), universal salt iodization (USI), salt iodization, urinary iodine, field trial

▪ Content : Objective: This study was designed to measure the urinary iodine excretion of volunteers who daily consumed iodized salt and to evaluate whether the current iodine content in salt is appropriate. A field trial study was then conducted to determine how the salt iodization content should be adjusted, either to prevent iodine deficiency or to avoid excess consumption.

▪ Keyword : food intake, dietary habits, behaviour, pregnant women, southern China

▪ Content : The aim of our study was to describe and compare nutritional status and food related behaviours in rural pregnant women of Li ethnicity as they had been divided into mountainous and costal groups by residential area. One hundred and ninety-six randomly selected healthy rural pregnant women of Li ethnicity for the mountainous group (MG), and eighty-two for the coastal group (CG) were recruited.

▪ Keyword : calcium, soymilk, osteopenia, labelling, bioavailability

▪ Content : Calcium loss after menopause increases the risk of osteoporosis in aging women. Soymilk is often consumed to reduce menopausal symptoms, although in its native form, it contains significantly less calcium than cow’s milk. Moreover, when calcium is added as a fortificant, it may not be absorbed efficiently.

▪ Keyword : iodine, salt, fortification, consumer perceptions, women

▪ Content : Background: Mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt is proposed to address the re-emergence of iodine deficiency in Australia and New Zealand. The impacts of fortification require baseline data of iodine status among vulnerable sectors of the population. Objective: To assess the iodine status of healthy women and to investigate consumer understanding and attitudes related to the proposed mandatory iodine fortification programme.

▪ Keyword : sodium, dietary, table salt, Australia, public health

▪ Content : Background: Dietary sodium, the major source being salt, is associated with hypertension. Australian adults consume more than the recommended amount of salt and approximately 15% of dietary sodium comes from salt added at the table and during cooking.Objective: To determine the frequency of and the demographic characteristics associated with discretionary salt use.

▪ Keyword : cardiovascular disease, risk factor, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension

▪ Content : This study estimated prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of cardiovascular risk (CV) defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes from 1998 to 2007 among Koreans. Data using self-report or screening examination were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007, for the 30-79 year age range.

▪ Keyword : the metabolic syndrome, prevalence, obesity, lifestyle, ethnicity

▪ Content : Yi people are the most primitive society in China. Little information on the metabolic syndrome (MS) is available in Yi people. We explored whether differing lifestyle affected the prevalence of MS among farmers and migrants of Yi ethnicity and Han population in one of the Southwestern parts of China.

▪ Keyword : content, dietary survey, intake, resistant starch, source

▪ Content : Resistant starch (RS) escapes digestion in the small intestine and may ferment in the large intestine. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistant starch content in typical starchy foods and to estimate the daily resistant starch intake and identify key sources of dietary resistant starch in the Chinese diets.

▪ Keyword : nutritional status, upper limb indirect anthropometry, Khasi, adolescents, India

▪ Content : The Khasi tribal people in India with their distinct ethnic identity have relative geographic isolation from the rest of the country. Although chronic energy deficiency has been documented in this population, their nutritional status has not been re-evaluated following a decade of economic growth in India.

▪ Keyword : dairy products, milk, cognition, mental health, metabolic syndrome

▪ Content : Background: Consumption of low fat dairy foods may decrease the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and all cardiovascular risk factors linked with increased probability of cognitive impairment. Aim: To examine associations between dairy intake and self-reported cognitive function and psychological well-being, and to test the novel hypothesis that dairy consumption may benefit cognitive health via its positive effects on cardiometabolic health.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry, Japanese, sum of skin folds, obesity, classification

▪ Content : Anthropometric assessment is a simple, safe, and cost-efficient method to examine the health status of individuals. The Japanese obesity classification based on the sum of two skin folds (Σ2SF) was proposed nearly 40 years ago therefore its applicability to Japanese living today is unknown.

▪ Keyword : body dissatisfaction, body image, obesity, adolescent, Taiwan

▪ Content : Purpose: This study was designed to explore factors associated with body dissatisfaction among Taiwanese adolescents. Methods: Participants were randomly selected from five high schools in Taipei County, Taiwan. A total sample of 883 adolescents aged 12-16 was included. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported weight and height.

▪ Keyword : adolescent, thinness, obesity, parent, health

▪ Content : In many Asian countries, overweight and obese children are sometimes considered healthier than their underweight or normal weight counterparts. Using Taiwan as an example, this research aims to examine the relationship between inappropriate weight and self-rated health (SRH) for adolescents, and inappropriate weight and the parent’s impression of their adolescent’s general health.

▪ Keyword : bread, glycaemic index, yeast, flour, fermentation

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to compare the glycaemic index of breads produced using different rising methods and leavening agents. Eleven bread varieties were selected based on method of production, and divided between three groups of ten participants (mean ± SD age 30.0 ± 10.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 2.8).

▪ Keyword : 25-hydroxyvitamin D, milk, vitamin D, New Zealand, women

▪ Content : Low vitamin D status in women of childbearing age may have implications for health. Vitamin D status of New Zealanders (NZ), based on low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is suboptimal. Vitamin D status may be improved with supplements and/or fortified foods. Recently an Adequate Intake (AI) for Australia and NZ was set at 5 µg/d vitamin D.

▪ Keyword : muscle wasting, proteolysis, nursing home, malnutrition, urinary urea nitrogen excretion

▪ Content : Malnutrition and muscle loss are common in bed-ridden elderly nursing home residents. Supplementation of βhydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to prevent muscle loss in several catabolic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition and protein metabolism in bed-ridden elderly nursing home residents receiving tube feeding.

▪ Keyword : weight, height, BMI, Vietnamese children, overweight

▪ Content : Background: Rapid changes in dietary patterns and lifestyles in Vietnam warrant monitoring trends of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) among children. Objective: To determine the trends of weight, height and BMI classification of Vietnamese children, 6-15 years of age, from 1992 to 2000 with reference to socioeconomic, urban and rural differences.

▪ Keyword : cleft palate, citrulline, neonate, metabolomics, tandem mass spectrometry

▪ Content : The amino acid citrulline is poorly represented in food, except for the Cucurbitaceae family of fruits (watermelons, etc.) and sap from birch trees, which have both been used in the treatment of reproductive disorders for centuries. Recently, an interesting observation was published regarding citrulline as a promising candidate biomarker of abnormal embryogenesis.