Volume 22 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : clinical nutrition practice, nutritional epidemiology, hierarchical evidence, portfolio evidence, econutrition

▪ Content : The clinical nutrition case study is a neglected area of activity and publication. This may be in part because it is not regarded as a serious contributor to evidence-based nutrition (EBN). Yet it can play a valuable part in hypothesis formulation and in the cross-checking of evidence. Most of all, it is usually a point at which the operationalisation of nutrition evidence is granted best current practice status.

▪ Keyword : parenteral, nutrition, support, team, multidisciplinary

▪ Content : The effectiveness of the Nutrition Support Team (NST) at Hospital Sungai Buloh, a large public hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in optimising parenteral nutrition (PN) has not been evaluated. To evaluate the effects of this NST in optimising patient outcomes, treatment outcomes, and adherence to biochemical monitoring guidelines, two groups of patients, those given PN before (n = 106) NST intervention and those given PN after (n=106) NST intervention, were retrospectively compared.

▪ Keyword : calcium, magnesium, lactulose, fat mass, Japanese women

▪ Content : Background: It has been reported that adequate calcium intake decreases body fat and appropriate intakes of magnesium suppress the development of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, lactulose increases the absorption of calcium and magnesium. An optimal combination of calcium, magnesium and lactulose may therefore reduce body fat mass. Methods: An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the body fat-reducing effects of a test food containing 300 mg calcium, 150 mg magnesium, and 4.0 g lactulose.

▪ Keyword : coffee, glycemic index, postprandial hyperglycemia excursion, dates, type 2 diabetes mellitus

▪ Content : The consumption of dates with coffee is common among Arabs and may affect postprandial hyperglycemia excursion. The study aimed to determine the effect of coffee on the glycemic index of a common variety of dates (Khalas) tested in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals.

▪ Keyword : obesity, weight loss, young adult, iron, zinc

▪ Content : Young overweight women are at risk of iron and zinc deficiency. This study assessed iron, zinc and inflammatory status during a 12-month weight loss trial in young women (18-25 y; BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) randomised to a higher-protein (HP: 32% protein; 12.2 mg/day iron; 11.7 mg/day zinc) or lower-protein (LP: 20%; 9.9 mg/day; 7.6 mg/day respectively) diet with contrasting haem iron and zinc content.

▪ Keyword : skipping breakfast, bone mineral density, nutrient intake, physical activity, younger women

▪ Content : Back ground and aims: It is well known that insufficient nutrient intake leads to poor bone status. To find a simple evaluation method for prevention of nutrition intake disorder, a cross-sectional study with 275 healthy Japanese female students aged 19-25 was conducted. Methods: Anthropometric parameters, bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar and total hip, bone metabolic markers and physical activity were measured in study participants and the frequency of skipping meals (breakfast, lunch, supper), and absolute values for nutrient intakes were assessed using a Diet History Questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : prevalence, risk factors, hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, central obesity

▪ Content : This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with central obesity. A multicentric hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Guangdong Province between August 2011 and March 2012. At each hospital, Chinese T2DM patients with central obesity who were aged over 20 years, whose serum uric acid levels were measured, and who had lived in Guangdong Province for ≥1 year, were recruited.

▪ Keyword : obesity, exercise, energy expenditure, body composition, muscle

▪ Content : Indigenous peoples are at greater risk of obesity-related health problems for various reasons. These have explored in the adulthood (19 yrs) section of the nationally-representative Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) for 2005-2008 in Indigenous mountain-dwelling (IndT) (n=226) and general (mainly Han Chinese) (GenT) (n=1486) Taiwanese.

▪ Keyword : zinc, deficiency, dietary supplement, pregnant women, Vietnam

▪ Content : Background: Although Vietnam is a region with a plant-based diet that has a high zinc deficiency, epidemiological data showing how this affects pregnant women are limited. This study explores the prevalence of zinc deficiency and possible correlates in pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a general hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

▪ Keyword : diabetes Mellitus, dietary quality, BMI, nutritional status, nutrient

▪ Content : Diabetes and diabetes-induced complications is a rising health concern in Northern Cyprus. Of the adult population in Northern Cyprus, 12.2% has diabetes and 90% of all individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease are people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional habits of people with diabetes in Northern Cyprus in order to make the necessary recommendations to improve their eating habits to prevent diabetes-induced complications.

▪ Keyword : blood pressure, multi-ethnic, obesity, African American, cardiovascular disease

▪ Content : The association of body mass index (BMI) with blood pressure may be stronger in Asian than non-Asian populations, however, longitudinal studies with direct comparisons between ethnicities are lacking. We compared the relationship of BMI with incident hypertension over approximately 9.5 years of follow-up in young (24-39 years) and middle-aged (45-64 years) Chinese Asians (n=5354), American Blacks (n=6076) and American Whites (n=13451).

▪ Keyword : nutrition policy, reference values, diet, Asia, Japan

▪ Content : In Asia, the concept of dietary reference values is shifting from recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) to dietary reference intakes (DRIs). To assist Asian countries that are planning to develop or revise their own DRIs, this study summarizes the scientific literature used in the development of the latest DRIs for the Japanese (DRIs-J 2010): it aims to clarify critical issues on- and discuss future prospects for DRIs in Asia.

▪ Keyword : cognitive impairment, type 2 diabetes, dietary, physical activity, body composition

▪ Content : OBJECTIVES: To establish whether elderly people with impaired cognition are at greater risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: The Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT Elderly). PARTICIPANTS: One thousand and four hundred ninety-three diabetes-free people ≥65 years were followed for incident diabetes in relation to cognitive status for up to 8 years.

▪ Keyword : vitamin K intake, phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-7 (MK-7), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)

▪ Content : Introduction: It has been demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (R325Q, 974G>A) in the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) gene is associated with the bone mineral density (BMD). In the present study, we investigated the effect of GGCX polymorphism (974G>A) on the correlations among the vitamin K intake, level of serum vitamin K, and ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to intact osteocalcin (OC) in healthy young Japanese subjects.

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, premature infant, neonate, nutrition support

▪ Content : In the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in survival rate of preterm infants, especially very low birth weight infants. The nutrition problems have become particularly relevant in neonates, and nutrition support is usually required for preterm infants and most sick term infants. The actual amount of nutrition must be calculated (not estimated) in neonates.

▪ Keyword : sodium chloride, dietary, nutrition policy, sodium intake, salt

▪ Content : Increased dietary sodium intake is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The monitoring of population sodium intake is a key part of any salt reduction intervention. However, the extent and methods used for assessment of sodium intake in Southeast Asia is currently unclear. This paper provides a narrative synthesis of the best available evidence regarding levels of sodium intake in six Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and describes salt reduction measures being undertaken in these countries.

▪ Keyword : shift working, nutrition, obesity, workforce, systematic review

▪ Content : Background: Shiftworking has long been unrecognised as an occupational health hazard up until now. Methods:Electronic databases were searched using OVID host as the main search engine for Medline, PUBMED and CINHAL during the years 1990-December 2010. Combinations of the keywords yielded 35 full papers and abstracts, of which 16 articles were relevant. One paper was not in English, leaving 15 included in this review after final reconsideration.

▪ Keyword : nutrition screening tool, malnutrition, nutritional assessment, prevalence, malnutrition risk

▪ Content : Malnutrition in hospitals often goes unrecognized. At present, no nutrition screening tool provides satisfactory results in identifying nutritional risk. Most tools depend on weight and height as criteria for diagnosing malnutrition. Weight is not recorded in many patients and some tools are time-consuming. An inclusive nutrition screening form (Nutrition Alert Form, NAF) was developed and validated. NAF was modified from the original version of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) by adding in two standard laboratory tests.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry, prediction equation, deuterium oxide dilution, body fat, Indonesia

▪ Content : Body composition of 292 males aged between 18 and 65 years was measured using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Participants were divided into development (n=146) and cross-validation (n=146) groups. Stature, body weight, skinfold thickness at eight sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at four sites were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) calculated.

▪ Keyword : parenteral nutrition, glutamine, premature infant, liver function, neonate

▪ Content : Objective: The aim of study was to confirm the protective effects of parenteral glutamine supplementation on liver injury in premature infants and determine how quickly effects became evident. Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study to assess the effect of parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with glutamine in premature infants.

▪ Keyword : early enteral nutritional, gastric cancer, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, Glucose tolerance

▪ Content : Objective: To evaluate the benefits of reducing insulin resistance by early enteral nutrition (EEN) in gastric cancer patients after surgery. Methods: Gastric cancer patients were managed to randomly accept traditional total parenteral nutrition (group A) or EEN (group B) after surgical treatment.

▪ Keyword : burn, enteral nutrition, inflammation, albumins, infections

▪ Content : Background: Burned patients have increased level of mortality, possibly due to late introduction of enteral feeding. The aim of this study was to compare the benefits and safety of very early enteral nutrition introduction compared to the normal diet among burns patients in an intensive care unit. Participants and Methods: Participants consisted of 101 patients, aged 20-76 years (mean age 48 years), 49 men and 52 women, with burns that covered more than 20% of the body.