Volume 23 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : insufficient intake, malnutrition, vulnerable people, preparedness, food for special dietary uses

▪ Content : In order to sustain life during the occurrence of a natural disaster, it is vital to ensure that people’s intake of water and food is adequate (prioritizing first energy, then protein and water-soluble vitamins). Infants, pregnant women, patients, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to insufficiencies in food intake, even if they are provided with the same quantity of food as others, and providing them with dietary and nutritional support becomes a high priority as their insufficient intake of energy and protein becomes long term.

▪ Keyword : cognition, Alzheimer’s disease, curcumin, cinnamon, insulin resistance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cognitive impairment develops with pre-diabetes and dementia is a complication of diabetes. Natural products like turmeric and cinnamon may ameliorate the underlying pathogenesis. Methods: People ≥60 years (n=48) with newly-recognised untreated pre-diabetes were randomised to a double-blind metabolic study of placebo, turmeric (1 g), cinnamon (2 g) or both (1 g & 2 g respectively), ingested at a white bread (119 g) breakfast.

▪ Keyword : glycemic control, diabetes complications, metabolic memory, trajectory, DMIDS

▪ Content : Background and aim: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assessment is basic to diabetes management. Little is done to describe the whole spectrum of the trajectory, its related temporal patterns of metabolic indices, and comorbidities. Methods and Results: This was a longitudinal study. In the Diabetes Management through Integrated Delivery System project in Taiwan, enrollees had diabetes, but no major comorbidities. They were randomized into intensive or conventional education (health, diet and exercise) groups.

▪ Keyword : gastric cancer, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, total gastrectomy, complications

▪ Content : Objective: To assess the difference between early enteral nutrition (EEN group) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN group) after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Method: The nutrition index, liver function, patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score, the post-operation complications, the hospital stay and hospitalization expense of the postoperative patient after total gastrectomy, admitted to our Department of Surgery from May 2011 to May 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.

▪ Keyword : dairy, adolescence, milk, cohort, Sydney Childhood Eye Study

▪ Content : We aimed to prospectively assess dairy intake among adolescents, and determine the predictors of adequate dairy consumption during adolescence. 634 Sydney schoolchildren (351 girls and 283 boys) who had dietary data at both age 12 and 17 were included for analyses. Dairy consumption was assessed from validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires.

▪ Keyword : Asian Continental Ancestry Group, protein, kidney failure, chronic diet, nutrition assessment

▪ Content : Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend objective nutritional assessments in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but were developed while referencing to a North-American population. Specific recommendations for assessing muscle mass were suggested (mid-arm circumference, MAC; corrected mid-arm muscle area, cAMA; mid-arm muscle circumference, MAMC).

▪ Keyword : iodine, reproduction, pregnancy, lactation, child

▪ Content : Background: Iodine content in table salt was adjusted from 30-50 mg/kg to 21-39 mg/kg from March of 2012 in Henan Province, China. The vulnerable population may be at risk of iodine deficiency. Objectives: To determine whether the iodine intake was sufficient in vulnerable populations and to investigate what factors may be associated with iodine status in these vulnerable populations in Henan Province, China.

▪ Keyword : nfant and young child feeding, infant and young child nutrition, dietary assessment, exclusive breastfeeding, Guatemala

▪ Content : The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 mo of life; however, deviations from this recommendation are widespread. The objective of the current study was to evaluate exclusive and predominant breastfeeding rates, as defined by the WHO, in a cross-sectional sample of Guatemalan children using retrospective records on the temporal pattern of introducing foods and beverages before 6 mo.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, obesity, parental obesity, tracking, young children

▪ Content : Objective: Childhood obesity is tracked to adulthood at a high rate. However, longitudinal studies of obesity in early childhood remain limited. This study aimed at tracking young obese children back to birth in comparison with normal-weight children, and investigating the relationship with parental obesity. Methods: A total of 2,678 (1,353 boys) young children attending kindergarten or nursery school in Nara Prefecture, Japan, were enrolled.

▪ Keyword : body satisfaction, emotional intelligence, disturbed eating, EAT-26, senior high school student

▪ Content : Purpose: This study explored the relationship between adolescents’ emotional intelligence and the tendency to develop an eating disorder. Methods: Senior high school students in Taiwan were recruited for the study. A 3-part anonymous questionnaire measured demographic information, body weight satisfaction, and expectation of body weight. Students also completed the Adolescent Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Eating Disorders Attitude-26 Test (EAT-26).

▪ Keyword : pregnancy, water, nutrients, infant, wheezing

▪ Content : The association between water and nutrient intake in pregnant women, and wheeze in their 18 month old infants, was investigated in a prospective study. Volunteers (n=369) recruited from northern New Zealand were visited in months 4 and 7 of pregnancy. At each visit anthropometric measurements were taken, diet assessed by 24-hour recall and 3-day food records and questionnaires determining personal details administered. Eighteen months after birth, infants were measured, and questions on infant feeding and wheeze asked.

▪ Keyword : national nutrition survey, surveillance, monitoring, Asia, global health

▪ Content : Asian regions have been suffering from growing double burden of nutritional health problems, such as undernutrition and chronic diseases. National nutrition survey plays an essential role in helping to improve both national and global health and reduce health disparities. The aim of this review was to compile and present the information on current national nutrition surveys conducted in Asian countries and suggest relevant issues in implementation of national nutrition surveys.

▪ Keyword : women of child-bearing age, micronutrient, women, earthquake, emergency

▪ Content : Populations with special physiological state, such as pregnant, nursing and women of child-bearing age, have been identified as nutritionally vulnerable during natural disaster. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia and micronutrient status of women of reproductive age in April 2009 one year after the Whenchuan Earthquake. The survey recruited 58 pregnant, 66 lactating and 242 women of child-bearing age from 19 to 45 years.

▪ Keyword : diet assessment, nutrition epidemiology, mobile technology, sugar sweetened beverages, China

▪ Content : This paper addresses the need for diet assessment methods that capture the rapidly changing beverage consumption patterns in China. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-day smartphone-assisted 24-hour recall to improve the quantification of beverage intake amongst young Chinese adults (n=110) and validate, in a small subset (n=34), the extent to which the written record and smartphone-assisted recalls adequately estimated total fluid intake, using 24-hour urine samples.

▪ Keyword : brewed coffee, cross-sectional study, dietary intake, instant coffee mix, Korean population

▪ Content : We examined coffee consumption patterns over the past decade among Korean adults. This study was based on seven different cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2001 and 2011 (17,367 men and 23,591 women aged 19-103 y, mean 48.1 y). Information on frequency and type of coffee consumption was derived from frequency questionnaires or 24-hour recalls.

▪ Keyword : food, affordability, quality, geographic factors, food security

▪ Content : Food affordability and quality can influence food choice. This research explores the impact of geographic factors on food pricing and quality in Western Australia (WA). A Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) was cost and a visual and descriptive quality assessment of 13 commonly consumed fresh produce items was conducted in-store on a representative sample of 144 food grocery stores.

▪ Keyword : socio-economic status, New Zealand, food choice, home environment

▪ Content : Financial restraints and poverty lead to poor diets and poor health outcomes. Limited research shows that socio-economic status is related to home availability of certain foods. However, studies in this area have used different socio-economic indicators, which may not equally influence eating-related behaviors. Using multiple indicators of socio-economic status may provide a more accurate picture of these relationships.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, Cambodia, stunting, micronutrient, behaviour

▪ Content : Background: Cambodia is among the 28 worst countries globally with the highest rates of childhood malnutrition. The aim of the assessment was to apply published evidence associating malnutrition and a variety of functional consequences to project economic implications of this high rate of childhood malnutrition. Such information is vital to advocate for appropriate programs and action plan to reduce malnutrition (from severe stunting to micronutrient deficiencies).

▪ Keyword : morbidity mortality paradox, all-cause mortality, CVD risk factors, Mediterranean diet, microbiome

▪ Content : Elderly Greek-born Australians (GA) consistently show lower rates of all-cause and CVD mortality compared with Australian-born. Paradoxically, however, this is in spite of a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. This paper reviews the findings from the Food Habits in Later Life (FHILL) study, other studies on Greek migrants to Australia and clinical studies investigating dietary mechanisms which may explain the “morbidity mortality paradox”.

▪ Keyword : trace elements, guidelines, parenteral nutrition, manganese, selenium

▪ Content : Background: This work represents the first part of a progressive review of AuSPEN’s 1999 Guidelines for Pro-vision of Micronutrient Supplementation in Adult Patients receiving Parenteral Nutrition, in recognition of the developments in the literature on this topic since that time. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken and recommendations were made based on the available evidence and with consideration to specific elements of the Australian and New Zealand practice environment. The strength of evidence underpinning each recommendation was assessed. External reviewers provided feedback on the guidelines using the AGREE II tool.

▪ Keyword : minimally invasive esophagectomy, indirect calorimetery, Harris-Benedict equation, intensive care unit, resting energy expenditure

▪ Content : Minimally invasive esophagectomy has recently become popular after the laparoscopic technique was developed. However, the postoperative energy expenditure in patients undergoing this procedure has not been evaluated. Therefore, we hypothesized that postoperative resting energy expenditure (REE) following minimally invasive esophagectomy is lower than that estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation.

▪ Keyword : nutrition risk, 3-Minute Nutrition Screening (3-MinNS), prognostic validity, outcomes, mortality

▪ Content : It is important to identify patients who are at risk of malnutrition upon hospital admission as malnutrition results in poor outcomes such as longer length of hospital stay, readmission, hospitalisation cost and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic validity of 3-Minute Nutrition Screening (3-MinNS) in predicting hospital outcomes in patients admitted to an acute tertiary hospital through a list of diagnosis-related groups (DRG).

▪ Keyword : folic acid, milk, neonatal birth weight, birth defects, umbilical cord blood

▪ Content : Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of folic acid (FA) supplementation in prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs), although the extent of NTDs varies among individuals of different races and ethnic origin. China is a multi-ethnic country with no standard practice for FA-fortified food.

▪ Keyword : intestinal microbiota, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, intensive care, nosocomial pneumonia, infant

▪ Content : Background: Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications. To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates. Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology.