Volume 24 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : quality of life, Asians, diabetes mellitus

▪ Content : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and chronic disease with multiple complications leading to increased mortality and poor quality of life. Current studies have shown that lowering glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) confers protection against microvascular complications. However, with more intensive glucose control to achieve HbA1c of less than 6.5%, there seems to be a significant increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry, low birth weight, meta-analysis, pregnant women, sensitivity and specificity

▪ Content : Objective: Weighing scales are often lacking at home birth in developing countries. Therefore, simple, reliable, and inexpensive methods for detecting low birth weight especially before birth would be useful. This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of maternal anthropometric measurements for predicting low birth weight.

▪ Keyword : zinc deficiency, breastfeeding, breast milk zinc, infant zinc status, lactating women

▪ Content : Breast milk provides adequate nutrients during the first 6 months of life. However, there are some reports of zinc deficiency in breastfed infants. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in infants aged 4-6 months and the associated factors. Healthy infants aged 4-6 months and their mothers were enrolled. They were classified by feeding types as breastfed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed groups (MF). Data collection included demographic data, perinatal data, given diets, and anthropometric measurement.

▪ Keyword : fatty Liver, children, obesity, prevalence, risk factors

▪ Content : Purpose: To determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and explore the relationship of NAFLD with anthropometric parameters among school children from the Yangtze River delta region. Methods: A cross sectional study on childhood NAFLD was conducted using the stratified cluster sampling method in four regions of the Yangtze River delta in September 2009 to October 2011. In all, 7,229 students, aged 7-18 years, from 12 primary, middle and high schools participated in the study. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured; body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated and liver ultrasonography was performed.

▪ Keyword : diet, physical activity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity

▪ Content : Objective: To study the dietary intake and level of physical activity (PA) of patients with diabetes mellitus and the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Consecutive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in our hospital diabetes clinic were enrolled. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to assess PA and dietary intake, respectively. Diagnosis of NAFLD was ultrasound-based and following exclusion of significant alcohol intake and other causes of chronic liver disease.

▪ Keyword : distribution map, fast food outlets, fast food consumption, dietary guideline practices, Green Food Zone

▪ Content : Objectives: This study investigated the distribution density of fast food outlets around schools, and the relationship between dietary health of children and adolescents and the density of fast food outlets in Korea. Methods: A distribution map of fast food outlets was drawn by collecting information on 401 locations of 16 brands within a 15-minute walk (800 meter) of 342 elementary and secondary schools in Suwon, Hwaseong and Osan.

▪ Keyword : feasibility, dietary survey tool, computer program, automatic data processing, community survey

▪ Content : The feasibility of a dietary survey tool is crucial for successful nutritional assessment via a community survey and for nutritional epidemiology. In 2012, we identified a newly developed computerized dietary survey system, the Diet Evaluation System (DES), which could be successfully applied to a community survey delivered during home visits using notebook computers when the internet environment was adequate, using either a WiBro modem or a smartphone as a tethered modem.

▪ Keyword : diet history questionnaire, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, pregnant women, validation

▪ Content : Objectives: Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes is important for brain development in fetuses. Accurate assessment of EPA and DHA intakes is required in clinical settings to identify women with deficiency of these nutrients and provide an appropriate intervention for them. We examined the validity and reproducibility of a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) for evaluating EPA and DHA intakes of pregnant Japanese women, to establish an easily administered dietary assessment tool.

▪ Keyword : cognitive function, FADS, Indonesia, LC-PUFA, under-two-year-old children

▪ Content : Background/Aims: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are regarded as essential for child cognition. Genetic variation in fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzyme (FADS) has been recognized as an important effect modifier in the relation between LC-PUFA and child cognitive function. This study aimed to identify the distribution of genetic variant (genotype) SNP rs174468 and to assess plasma FA and developmental outcome by the genotype among under-2 year old Sasaknese Indonesian children.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D receptor Fok-I polymorphism, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1-alpha, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3, quantitative ultrasound

▪ Content : Several genes have been implicated as genetic determinants of osteoporosis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is an intracellular hormone receptor that specifically binds to the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1-alpha, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D], and mediates its effects. One of the most frequently studied single nucleotide polymorphisms is the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) Fok-I (rs2228570).

▪ Keyword : guidelines, parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, nutrition support, geriatric patients

▪ Content : The mortality and morbidity of geriatric patients is much higher than for younger patients, especially when critically ill. This may be attributed to a lower reserve capacity in most organs and systems, reduced ability to deal with physical stress and the presence of acute or chronic co-mobidities. Parenteral and enteral nutrition support can improve the clinical condition of the elderly patient and result in better outcomes, such as lower mortality, reduced hospital stay and reduced medical costs.

▪ Keyword : mantou, whole-grain, shelf life, starch retrogradation, hot packaging

▪ Content : Mantou, a traditional Chinese food, is widely consumed in the North China due to its nutritional value and good mouth-feel. However, its current family-style production is impeded due to short shelf-life caused by mold and starch retrogradation.

▪ Keyword : nutrition therapy, clinical practice guidelines, intensive care units, survey, China

▪ Content : Nutrition therapy is essential for the management of critically ill patients. Some guidelines have been published to standardize and optimize the nutrition therapy. However, there are still many controversies in nutrition practice and there is a gap between guidelines and clinical nutrition therapy for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to assess attitudes and beliefs toward nutrition therapy of Chinese intensive care physicians by using the American guidelines as a surrogate.

▪ Keyword : esophageal cancer, perioperation, nutrition risk screening, fast track surgery, postoperative indicator

▪ Content : Objectives: To investigate the clinical application of the fast track surgery (FTS) model based on preoperative nutritional risk screening (NRS) in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: 180 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery between January 2008 and April 2014 were randomly divided into study and control groups based on matched-pairs. The study group underwent assessment using the NRS 2002 and received treatment before surgery and the control group was treated by the conventional method.

▪ Keyword : stroke, enteral nutrition, gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration, gastric residual volume

▪ Content : Background: Patients with stroke suffer from nutrition impairments and often rely on enteral nutrition (EN), which is associated with respiratory complications such as regurgitation and aspiration. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of regurgitation and aspiration in patients with severe stroke infused with different volumes of EN.

▪ Keyword : neonates, feed introduction, intensive care unit, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Objective: To identify the optimal time for introducing enteral nutrition to critically ill neonates. Methods: This prospective cohort study included all eligible critically ill neonates who were admitted to a multidisciplinary tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 1st June and 30th November 2013. Nutrient intake and clinical outcomes during NICU stay were recorded. The effect of early (<24 hours after NICU admission) and delayed (≥24 hours) enteral nutrition introduction on clinical outcomes was assessed.

▪ Keyword : early, parenteral nutrition, critically ill, enteral nutrition, mortality

▪ Content : Background: Although several large-scale clinical trials shave examined the relationship between early parenteral nutrition (ePN) and critically ill patients, a consensus has not been reached. In addition, no meta-analysis in this area has yet been published. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of ePN, alone or accompanying enteral nutrition, in critically ill patients.

▪ Keyword : iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), universal salt iodization (USI), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), dietary iodine intake, iodine excess

▪ Content : Background: Universal salt iodization (USI) was introduced in China in 1995, but whether the iodine status is optimal is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the iodine nutrition among Zhejiang population in coastal regions in China. Methods: A cross sectional survey for iodine nutritional status was conducted with general population (n=10,350), including pregnant and lactating women (n=450 each) selected by stratified multi-stage sampling. Iodine content in drinking water, table salt and urine, were determined using arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, the direct titration and the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, respectively, and daily iodine intake was estimated by 3 days of 24-hour recall method.

▪ Keyword : stroke, calcium intake, meta-analysis, prospective cohort studies, dose-response

▪ Content : Background and Purpose: Calcium intake has been associated with stroke risk in a prior meta-analysis, however, newly published results are inconsistent. Dairy food benefits on stroke incidence may involve a calcium-related mechanism. We have therefore updated this meta-analysis with particular references to any possibility of a calcium-mediated dairy food risk reduction of stroke risk.

▪ Content : Iron deficiency and associated anemia are severe public health problems, which are prevalent in the developing world. We conducted a cross-sectional survey, comprised of written interview questions and laboratory analysis of blood biomarkers, in Kandal Province, Cambodia. The objective of this study is to examine possible factors that are associated with anemia in rural Cambodia.