Volume 24 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : vegetable consumption, weight gain, Japanese employees, one-year cohort study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity increase the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders and are increasing in Japan, particularly among men. Several prospective studies have suggested that high vegetable intake is inversely associated with weight gain. Here, the association between vegetable consumption and weight gain in a group of food manufacturing workers over the course of one year was investigated.

▪ Keyword : human nutrition, carbohydrate, epidemiology, type 1 diabetes, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The objective was to compare the dietary intakes of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to individuals without diabetes in China. Methods and Study Design: Data are from 1) the 3C Nutrition Ancillary Study, a cross-sectional study of individuals with T1D in China, and 2) the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

▪ Keyword : antioxidant vitamins, heavy metals, intelligence quotients, cord blood, children

▪ Content : To evaluate how prenatal exposure to antioxidant vitamins and heavy metals affects subsequent development. Maternal serum and cord serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) were determined. Full-state, performance, and verbal intelligence quotients (FSIQ, PIQ, and VIQ, respectively) of 97 children were assessed at 5 years of age.

▪ Keyword : anaemia, infant and young child, diet nutrients, continuing breastfeeding, urban areas

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To explore the diet characteristics of anaemic infants and young children of China, blood tests and diets surveys were conducted in five cities. Methods and Study Design: About 150 children aged 6-36 mo were selected in a typical community health center of each city, and the total sample was 750.

▪ Keyword : socioeconomic development, children, malnutrition, anaemia, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives：More than 30 years of socioeconomic development in China has improved living conditions which contributed to a steep decline in malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years. To elucidate the role of socioeconomic development in improving nutritional status and to identify appropriate policy priorities for intervention in nutrition improvement for younger children.

▪ Keyword : whole grain, Singapore, pregnant women, alkylresorcinols, dietary intake

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To quantify whole grain intake in pregnant women in Singapore in order to provide the first detailed analysis of whole grain intake in an Asian country and in pregnant women. Methods and Study Design: Analysis of 24-h diet recalls in a cross-sectional cohort study and analysis of a biomarker of whole grain intake (plasma alkylresorcinols) in a subset of subjects.

▪ Keyword : tHcy, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, interaction, population-based study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There is only limited available evidence of a relationship between total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels and type 2 diabetes in hypertensive subjects. Methods and Study Design: A total of 5,935 Chinese essentially hypertensive subjects were recruited by cluster sampling from 60 communities.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, obesity, overweight, gender disparity, China

▪ Content : Background and Objective: Over the past three decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has increased greatly. Chinese body mass index (BMI) dynamics have shown much greater rates of changes among men, aged 18-45 years, than among women. This study examined the gender difference in the BMI trends and related factors.

▪ Keyword : Asians, immigration, acculturation, body mass index, residence

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cross-sectional studies indicate that adaptation to Western norms, especially at a younger age, might explain the higher average body mass index (BMI) among Asians living in the United States (US) compared to Asians living in Asia. However, migrants differ from non-migrants in sociocultural factors that are difficult to measure and, thus, longitudinal studies on the same individuals prior to and after immigration are needed.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, factor analysis, Pakistan, hypertension, lifestyle behaviours

▪ Content : Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting more than 25% of adults worldwide. In Pakistan, 33% of the adult population suffers from hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the critical role of dietary patterns in the causation, prevention and management of hypertension.

▪ Keyword : household food security, dietary diversity, Cambodia

▪ Content : The objective of this study was to identify correlates of household food insecurity and poor dietary diversity in rural Cambodia. Trained interviewers administered a survey to 900 households in four rural districts of Prey Veng Province, Cambodia. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) were used to assess household food insecurity and dietary diversity.

▪ Keyword : ecosystem health disorders, urbanisation, rural, food systems, life expectancy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Health outcomes such as survival, minimal disability and well-being are presumptively dependent on food and ecosystems. An integral measure of the critical urban food system linkages to health problems is needed. Much of the current health change in cities could be attributed to short-comings in food systems which can pose threats to food security and food safety. Health problems have needed a reconceptualisation of present medical and nutritional constructs.

▪ Keyword : dietary behaviour, health beliefs, knowledge, university students, multi-country

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of six healthy dietary behaviours and associated factors in university students from 26 low, middle and high income countries. In a cross-sectional survey, we used a self-administered questionnaire (largely based on the European Health and Behaviour Survey) among 19503 under-graduate university students (mean age 20.8, Standard deviation=2.8, age range of 16-30 years) from 27 universities in 26 countries.

▪ Keyword : apnea, gastro esophageal reflux disease, premature, newborn, treatment

▪ Content : Background: The possible pathophysiology of the relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux disease and apnea of prematurity has been widely investigated. Various physiological protective reflex responses provide a plausible biological link between gastro-esophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity. It is uncertain whether or not there is a causal relationship between the two diseases.

▪ Keyword : newborn, high arched palate, feeding, nipple, bottle

▪ Content : For infants with high arched palate, feeding is one of the most immediate challenges faced by parents and care-takers. General suggestions for feeding in infants with cleft palate may be adapted to infants with high arched palate. These include oral feeding facilitation techniques and special feeding tools. Here we present a newborn with a high arched palate and serious feeding problems who was fed easily by a large size and a large hole nipple, ordinarily used for infants older than 6 months, instead of specialized feeding equipment.

▪ Keyword : adolescent females, maternal nutrition, adolescent pregnancy, pregnant and lactating women, Philippines

▪ Content : The Seminar on Adolescent Pregnancy and the First 1000 Days (the Philippine Situation) was held in Metro Manila on September 2013. The objectives were to: 1) describe the current nutrition and health status of Filipino adolescent females, including those pregnant and lactating; 2) discuss existing programs that address their concerns; and 3) identify gaps in existing knowledge and programs, and ways to address these gaps.

▪ Keyword : adductor pollicis, anthropometry, nutritional status, intensive care, clinical outcome

▪ Content : No nutrition assessment tools specifically tailored for intensive care unit (ICU) patients have been developed and validated in Singapore. Studies conducted in Brazilian populations suggest that the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (TAPM) may be used to assess nutritional status and predict mortality of critically ill patients.

▪ Keyword : obesity, bariatric surgery, binge eating disorder, depression, rate of weight loss

▪ Content : This was a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and psychosocial factors with the overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery among patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC).

▪ Keyword : cooling, rice, resistant starch, glycemic response, retrogradation

▪ Content : Cooling of cooked starch is known to cause starch retrogradation which increases resistant starch content. This study aimed to determine the effect of cooling of cooked white rice on resistant starch content and glycemic response in healthy subjects.

▪ Keyword : cystatin C, leptin, TNF-α, kidney function, elderly

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Determinants of cystatin C, a novel marker of mortality in the elderly, have not been extensively studied in Asian elderly population. Methods and Study Design: Associations of cystatin C with anthropometric, cardiometabolic, hematological, nutritional variables and inflammatory markers were examined in 159 community-living elderly Japanese women whose BMI averaged 22.6±2.9 (SD) kg/m2.