Volume 25 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : type 1 diabetes, carbohydrate metabolism, low carbohydrate diet, glycaemic control, carbohydrate counting

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To determine the effect of a low carbohydrate diet and standard carbohydrate counting on glycaemic control, glucose excursions and daily insulin use compared with standard carbohydrate counting in participants with type 1 diabetes.

▪ Keyword : eating habit, eating rate, energy intake, food mixing, obesity

▪ Content : In this study, we investigated the association between food form (mixed vs separated) and eating rate. The experiment used a within-subjects design (n=29, young healthy women with normal weight). Test meals (white rice and side dishes) with the same content and volume were served at lunch in a mixed or separated form.

▪ Keyword : isoflavones, vegetarian, sex-hormones, LCMSMS, Malaysians

▪ Content : Epidemiological studies indicate lower prevalences of breast and prostate cancers and cardiovascular disease in Southeast Asia where vegetarianism is popular and diets are traditionally high in phytoestrogens. This study assessed plasma isoflavones in vegetarian and non-vegetarian Malaysian men according to age.

▪ Keyword : underweight, desire for thinness, dietary habits, young women, Japan

▪ Content : The strong social pressure for thinness in Japanese society has produced a dramatic increase in underweight (body mass index: <18.5 kg/m2) among young women. Being underweight is associated with several negative health outcomes, including nutritional deficiency, osteoporosis, and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes.

▪ Keyword : children and adolescents, body image, diet, obesity, misperception

▪ Content : Children and adolescents tend to lose weight, which may be associated with misperceptions of weight. Previous studies have emphasized establishing correlations between eating disorders and an overestimated perception of body weight, but few studies have focused on an underestimated perception of body weight.

▪ Keyword : children, feeding, nutrition, paediatrics, survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutrition is a fundamental component of care of critically ill children. Determining variation in nutritional practices within paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) allows for review and improvement of nutrition practices.

▪ Keyword : obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, body composition, child

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body composition, especially distribution of body fat, and insulin resistance on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. Methods and Study Design: One hundred obese children (66 boys, 34 girls) with (n=60) and without NAFLD (n=40) were assessed. Anthropometry, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasonography, and dual energy x-ray absorptionmetry (DXA) were evaluated in all subjects.

▪ Keyword : child, body mass index, food store, obesity, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Over the past two decades, food environment has changed, and the obesity and overweight rates have increased dramatically in China. Previous studies have suggested an association between food environment and obesity, while most studies were based on the data from developed countries, and few were conducted in developing countries.

▪ Keyword : iodine, sodium, salt, urinary excretion, Samoa

▪ Content : The objective of this study was to determine iodine nutrition status and whether iodine status differs across salt intake levels among a sample of women aged 18-45 years living in Samoa. A cross-sectional survey was completed and 24-hr urine samples were collected and assessed for iodine (n=152) and salt excretion (n=119).

▪ Keyword : iron deficiency, anaemia, serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor, body iron

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the distribution of serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and body iron among girls and women by age and anaemia. Methods and Study Design: Serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and high sensitive C-reactive protein of 1625 and 1372 women in general and anaemic were measured in the National Health and Nutrition Survey commenced in 2010.

▪ Keyword : Zuò yuèzi 坐月子, Chinese women, beliefs, health problems, postpartum diets, puerperium

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of maternal health problems in the post-partum period and their association with traditional Chinese postpartum diets and behaviours in three selected regions in Hubei province, China. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban, suburban and rural areas.

▪ Keyword : students, breakfast, knowledge, carbonated beverages, Japanese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the associations between the characteristics of high school students and irregular breakfast consumption and explored the association with knowledge regarding diet and dietary education in a community in Japan.

▪ Keyword : adolescents, screen time, Ho Chi Minh City, obesity, Vietnam

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Screen time among youth has been increasingly recognized as a public health problem because of its link with obesity. This has been demonstrated in many studies conducted in developed countries but few studies have addressed the problem in developing countries, despite an increase literature about the emergence of obesity and a greater access to screen devices in a country like Vietnam. Our study aimed at assessing screen time and its relationship with BMI in adolescents of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam.

▪ Keyword : alcohol consumption, high school students, socioeconomic status, drinking patterns, alcoholic beverage preference

▪ Content : To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent alcoholic beverage preferences and the associated drinking patterns in China. The study used cross-sectional data collected from 136 junior or senior high schools, using a self-administered questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : validity, Food Frequency Questionnaire, alcohol consumption, weighed dietary record, energy intake

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Alcohol consumption has a relatively large impact on energy intake in drinkers, and several studies reported different dietary habits from non-drinkers. However, few studies have investigated the influence of alcohol consumption on the validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). To investigate its influence, we conducted a validity test in a population with high alcohol consumption.

▪ Keyword : food recall, weighed meal record, rural, disadvantage, South India

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cultural and/or environmental barriers make the assessment of dietary intake in rural populations challenging. We aimed to assess the accuracy of a meal recall questionnaire, adapted for use with impoverished South Indian populations living in rural areas. Methods and Study Design: Dietary data collected by recall versus weighed meals were compared.

▪ Keyword : melanocortin-4 receptor, serum triglyceride, polymorphisms, Chinese women, cross-sectional study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) gene polymorphisms have been associated with serum triglycerides (TG) in Caucasians and Japanese, but no reports are available Chinese. The purpose of this study was to find whether there was an association of rs17782313 polymorphisms at the MC4R gene with serum TG in elderly Chinese.

▪ Keyword : birth weight, nutritional requirements, growth and development, nutritional support, nutritional therapy

▪ Content : This study aimed to investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) administration of amino acids (AA) on physical changes among very low birth weight infants in a local hospital setting in Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out at a hospital in Malaysia. Records of neonates prescribed PN in the neonatal unit in 2012 were screened for eligibility. A total of 199 premature neonates received PN support in the year 2012 and, of these, 100 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

▪ Keyword : folate, folic acid, fortification, milk, neural tube defect

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Folic acid (400 µg/d) taken during the periconceptional period reduces neural tube defect (NTD) risk by >75%. Achieving red cell folate (RCF) or plasma folate (PF) >905 nmol/L and >35 nmol/L, respectively, has been associated with a low risk of NTDs. We determined whether daily consumption of folic acid fortified milk increases blood folate concentrations to levels associated with a low risk of NTDs in Singaporean women of childbearing age.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome, vitamin D supplementation, obesity, Chinese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of chronic metabolic diseases. In vitro and animal studies suggest that vitamin D may play a crucial role in obesity and related metabolic disorders. Limited evidence regarding vitamin D deficiency exists within the Chinese population. The aims of the present study were to assess whether supplementation with vitamin D would improve metabolic indices in a middle-aged urban Chinese population.