Volume 25 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : vitamin B-12, vitamin B-12 deficiency, thyroid, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), hypothyroidism

▪ Content : Due to the non-specificity of symptoms and possibly severe consequences of untreated vitamin B-12 deficiency, screening is important for at-risk patients to ensure the prompt delivery of treatment. In this review, studies assessing the prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in thyroid dysfunction are evaluated to determine whether regular vitamin B-12 screening is necessary. A literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases.

▪ Keyword : intensive care unit, sepsis, body composition, metabolic state, continuous renal replacement therapy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Fluid overload and hypermetabolism frequently occur in sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. These abnormalities correlate with inflammatory mediators released under stressful conditions. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an extracorporeal life support technology that persistently and stably eliminates overhydration and cytokines.

▪ Keyword : osteoporosis, alcohol, bone mineral density, KNHANES, Korean men

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Drinking is a risk factor of osteoporosis, but controversy surrounds the relationship between alcohol consumption and bone mineral density (BMD). We performed an analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and BMD.

▪ Keyword : alcohol consumption habits, BMI, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, obesity, perceived stress

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Coping with stress often leads to unhealthy behaviors that can have an impact on the development of obesity. Therefore, this study is investigate the effect of perceived stress level on alcohol consumption habits, as well as the effect of the interaction between alcohol consumption habits and stress level on obesity in Koreans.

▪ Keyword : sarcopenia, muscle mass, strength, physical performance, elderly

▪ Content : Objective: To investigate the relationship of muscle mass and muscle function with age. Methods and Study Design: The study including 415 participants (aged 60-99 years). Upper (UMM) and lower (LMM) limbs muscle mass and whole body fat free mass (FFM) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index (ASM/height2) was calculated. Muscle function was assessed by measuring hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, abdominal obesity, general obesity, body fat, urban adult

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: With an increased incidence of obesity in China, this study sought to investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and adiposity phenotypes in Chinese adults from urban settings. Methods and Study Design: A total of 1277 subjects aged 20-82 years old were recruited into this cross-sectional study.

▪ Keyword : breast milk, cord blood, diet, maternal blood, mercury concentration

▪ Content : This study investigated the concentration of total mercury (THg) in maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk, and its association with dietary factors. A total of 127 pregnant women in Busan, Korea were recruited. Maternal blood, cord blood, and breast milk were collected at 36 weeks of gestation, at delivery, and at one week after birth, respectively.

▪ Keyword : micronutrient powders, Nepal, infant and young child feeding, breastfeeding, child nutrition

▪ Content : Integrated infant and young child feeding (IYCF)/micronutrient powder (MNP) programs are increasingly used to address poor IYCF practices and micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings; however, little is known about how MNP use may affect IYCF practices.

▪ Keyword : Indonesia, children, nutrient intake, nutritional status, dairy use

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To study the associations between nutrient intake, dairy intake and socio-economic variables. Methods and Study Design: Food consumption data using 24 h recall were collected in 3600 children, aged 0.5 to 12 years old in addition to frequency of dairy use and anthropometric and socio-demographic variables.

▪ Keyword : South-Asia, food, micronutrients, inadequacy, intake

▪ Content : Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be a major public health concern worldwide with many South Asian countries suffering a significant proportion of the global burden. A lack of nationally representative data on micronutrient deficiencies hampers sustained action to address the problem.

▪ Keyword : South-Asia, food, micronutrients, inadequacy, intake

▪ Content : Micronutrient deficiencies continue to be a major public health concern worldwide with many South Asian countries suffering a significant proportion of the global burden. A lack of nationally representative data on micronutrient deficiencies hampers sustained action to address the problem.

▪ Keyword : multiple sclerosis, Mediterranean diet, case control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We conducted a hospital-based, case–control study to examine the association between Mediterranean diet (MD) and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran. Methods and Study Design: A total of 70 patients with MS and 142 controls underwent face-to-face interviews in the major neurological clinics of Tehran, Iran. A

▪ Keyword : sugar, intake, added sugars, sources, Malaysia

▪ Content : The term ‘added sugars’ refers to sugars and syrup added to foods during processing or preparation, and sugars and syrups added at the table. Calls to limit the daily intakes of added sugars and its sources arose from evidence analysed by WHO, the American Heart Association and other organizations.

▪ Keyword : Japanese adults, mineral supplements, personal behavior, food, National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A daily mineral supplement is useful for those who are at risk of a deficiency. Some Western reports suggest that mineral supplement users have healthy behaviors and are not mineral-deficient. It is unknown whether the same phenomenon is observed in Japan where there is a different dietary culture.

▪ Keyword : fast foods, frozen desserts, vegetables, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Rome III criteria

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Fast-food consumption has greatly increased in Taiwan. Frequent fast food intake is associated with both allergy and obesity. The aim of this study was to describe fast food habit changes, and to assess the relationship between fast food intake and the risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among Taiwanese adolescents.

▪ Keyword : hypertension, salt, rural, urban, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The prevalence of hypertension, the greatest contributor to mortality globally, is increasing in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). In urban regions of LMICs, excessive salt intake is associated with increased risk of hypertension. We aimed to determine whether this is the case in rural regions as well.

▪ Keyword : homocysteine, type 2 diabetes, elderly, mortality, dietary diversity

▪ Content : Background and Objective: The increased mortality risk of hyperhomocysteinaemia in diabetes may be mitigated by dietary quality. Methods and Study Design: The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan of 1999-2000 for elders formed this prospective cohort. Baseline health status, diet and anthropometry were documented and plasma homocysteine and biomarkers for B vitamins measured. Participants without diabetes (n=985) were referent for those who had diabetes or developed diabetes until 2006 (n=427). The effect of homocysteine on mortality risk during 1999-2008 was evaluated.

▪ Keyword : dopamine, obesity, food addiction, food cravings, Asian American

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: In an era where obesity remains an important public health concern, food addiction has emerged as a possible contributor to obesity. The DRD2 gene is the most studied polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between food addiction questionnaires, body composition measurements, and a dopamine-resistant receptor polymorphism (DRD2 A1) among Asian Americans.

▪ Keyword : proximal jejunostomy output, reinfusion, short bowel syndrome, stoma takedown, parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Certain patients who undergo proximal jejunum resection are unable to undergo primary anastomosis and require exteriorization of the proximal jejunum. These patients usually have major problems with short bowel due to the high output of the stoma. The output of a proximal jejunostomy contains abundant amounts of enzymes and electrolytes.

▪ Keyword : kales, β-carotene losses, market, cooking, Brasica oleracea var acephala

▪ Content : African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are known to be high in β-carotene content and are preferred over kales due to this nutritional superiority. Ten different vegetables were collected from farm and market locations and analyzed for β-carotene content.

▪ Keyword : nutrition, nutritional risk screening 2002, chronic kidney disease, nutritional support, malnutrition

▪ Content : Knowledge concerning nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) has been used to evaluate the nutritional aspects of patients according to the recommendation of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Here we aim to assess the prevalence and characteristics of nutritional risk in CKD patients by using NRS-2002.

▪ Keyword : food preferences, liking and wanting, fat preferences, Arabs, obesity

▪ Content : The Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) is a computerised procedure that assesses liking, wanting and relative preferences for shared characteristics of food. This study adapted the LFPQ (LFPQ-A) to assess its cross-cultural validity in an Arab sample by examining its performance for food characteristics of fat (high or low) and taste (sweet or non-sweet), under fasted and fed states.

▪ Keyword : infarction, ischemic stroke, aphasia, functional food, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of functional foods on aphasia related to a previous ischemic stroke. When stroke-related neurological deficits result in physical dependency and poor self-care that persists longer than 6 months, full recovery is almost impossible and the patient often requires long-term care. The functional foods, EASE123 and BioBalance#6, include numerous plant and marine-based nutrient supplements that could prove beneficial for such patients.

▪ Content : The evolution of nutritional status (the prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition, overweight and obesity) and the nutritional support of the hospitalized patients from admission to discharge or over a two-week period in orthopedics/spinal surgery of a teaching hospital in Hohhot were investigated.

▪ Keyword : nutritional status, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis

▪ Content : Malnutrition and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is frequently present in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the direct relationship between SIBO and nutrition status in the LC patients has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was an association between nutrition status, evaluated by the subjective global assessment (SGA) and SIBO in patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) related cirrhosis.

▪ Keyword : protein-energy wasting, hemodialysis, malnutrition, skeletal muscle, dietary intake

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) has recently recommended the use of the term “protein-energy wasting” (PEW). PEW is a state of malnutrition with decreased body stores of protein and energy fuel in hemodialysis patients and is known as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. We examined the prevalence of PEW and the characteristics of PEW patients in a hemodialysis center in Japan.