Volume 25 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : review, inulin, infant, pregnancy, gut microbiota

▪ Content : Inulin-based prebiotics are non-digestible polysaccharides that influence the composition of the gut microbiota in infants and children, notably eliciting a bifidogenic effect with high short chain fatty acid levels. Inulin, a generic term that comprises β-(2,1)-linked linear fructans, is typically isolated from the chicory plant root, and derivatives such as oligofructose and long chain inulin appear to have different physiological properties.

▪ Keyword : cod skin peptide, gastric cancer, chemotherapy, toxicity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cod skin peptide (CSPE) on chemotherapy-induced toxicity in gastric cancer patients. Methods and Study Design: A cohort of 60 gastric cancer patients for chemotherapy was randomly divided into two groups (n=30 per group), who were orally treated with either supplemental CSPE or placebo apart from chemotherapy. The hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities experienced by the patients, as well as their Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) as an index of quality of life was evaluated.

▪ Keyword : adult, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferases, coffee, risk factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The favourable effects of coffee on liver enzymes have been reported worldwide. This study investigated the association between coffee consumption and serum aminotransferase concentration in Korean adults. Methods and Study Design: Data were obtained from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

▪ Keyword : calcium metabolism, Chinese adults, plant-based diets, meta-analysis, systematic review

▪ Content : To investigate the metabolic differences of calcium requirements between Chinese and Westerners, we examined systematically the characteristics of calcium metabolism in Chinese adults with habitual dietary calcium intakes. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, and National Index to Chinese Newspapers & Periodicals, from inception to March 17, 2015, as well as the bibliographies of any relevant papers and journals, for trials assessing calcium metabolism in healthy Chinese adults within 18-60 years of age on the typical Chinese diet.

▪ Keyword : albuminuria, China, potassium, sodium, 24-h urine

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Albuminuria is a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. However, little is known about the association of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion with albuminuria in China. The aim of this study was to examine this association by analyzing the data from 1,975 Chinese adults living in north China.

▪ Keyword : truncal fat, leg fat, metabolic risks, Chinese, adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To examine the associations of regional body fat distribution with metabolic risk factors among Chinese. Methods and Study Design: Truncal fat (TF) and leg fat (LF) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among 947 adults, and abdominal visceral fat (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT), upper leg SAT were measured by magnetic resonance image (MRI) among 103 adults during 2008-2013. Metabolic risk factors included fasting blood glucose, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

▪ Keyword : pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, low birth weight, macrosomia, pregnant women

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been reported to be associated with pregnancy outcomes. Due to the nutrition transition in Thailand, the double burden of malnutrition is increasing and this may have negative consequences on birth outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG with the risks of low birth weight and macrosomia.

▪ Keyword : human milk, composition, database, lactating women, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Understanding human milk composition is critical for setting nutrient recommended intakes (RNIs) for both infants and lactating women. However, nationwide human milk composition remains unavailable in China.

▪ Keyword : obesity, cardiometabolic risk, dietary intake, children, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: China’s nutrition transition is characterized by dramatic increases in overweight and cardiometabolic (CM) risk. The burden of obesity, CM risk factors and dietary intake among Chinese children were explored.

▪ Keyword : validation, internet, food frequency questionnaire, nutrients, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: National dietary surveys are needed and difficult to conduct in China. The current study aims to develop and validate an internet-based diet questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) to assess intakes in Northern China.

▪ Keyword : disaster, earthquake, women, dietary attitudes, dietary behaviours

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The sudden occurrence of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake not only devastated people’s health, but also may have impacted on the psychological and dietary attitudes and behaviours of the survivors. Although the influence of natural disaster on people’s health has been extensively investigated, there is a lack of information about the effects on people’s dietary attitudes and behaviours. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of the Wenchuan earthquake on the dietary attitudes and behaviours of adult women from different zones of China in July 2008.

▪ Keyword : Asia Pacific, children, critical care, Middle East, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Current practices and available resources for nutrition therapy in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the Asia Pacific-Middle East region are expected to differ from western countries. Existing guidelines for nutrition management in critically ill children may not be directly applicable in this region. This paper outlines consensus statements developed by the Asia Pacific-Middle East Consensus Working Group on Nutrition Therapy in the Paediatric Critical Care Environment. Challenges and recommendations unique to the region are described.

▪ Keyword : food hypersensitivity, questionnaire, prevalence, adolescent women, older women

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although food hypersensitivity is a public health concern, its documentation among the elderly is limited. The current study aims to compare the prevalence and characteristics of food hyper-sensitivity among adolescent women between aged 18-24 with among older women >50 years of age.

▪ Keyword : Vietnam, food marketing, household food providers, nutrition transition, food advertising communication

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Food marketing has been identified as a target for intervention in the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity within countries and globally, and promotion of healthy diets has been classified as a key strategy to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases and health inequalities. The present study aims to investigate how Vietnamese middle-class household food providers are impacted by food advertising communications, their views of food marketing and the ways they think the government can control food marketing to assist people to consume healthier diets.

▪ Keyword : salty food preference, osteoporosis, Chinese men, association, large scale

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between salty food preference and osteoporosis (OP) in general Chinese men. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study to estimate the associations by using self-report questionnaire to evaluate the salty food preference.

▪ Keyword : dietary sodium, hypertension, taste threshold, Myanmar, Korea

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Excessive oral salt intake can induce hypertension. According to previous studies, the prevalence of hypertension is higher in Myanmar than in Korea. We postulated that Myanmar adults had higher salt taste thresholds and eat much saltier food. This study aimed to compare salt taste thresholds and salt usage behaviour scores between adults in Myanmar and Korea.

▪ Keyword : calciferol, seasonal variation, ethnic groups, aged 80 and over, elderly

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study assessed vitamin D status and its determinants in a cohort of octogenarians living within New Zealand’s Bay of Plenty and Lakes Districts. Methods and Study Design: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was measured in 209 Māori (aged 80-90 years) and 357 non-Māori (85 years), along with demographic, lifestyle, supplement use and other health data.

▪ Keyword : national nutrition survey in Japan, national health and nutrition survey, physical examination, survey items, national survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Survey items of the Japan National Nutrition Survey (J-NNS) have changed over time. Several papers on dietary surveys have been published; however, to date, there are no in-depth papers regarding physical examinations. Therefore, we investigated changes in the survey items in the physical examinations performed in the J-NNS and the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS), with the aim of incorporating useful data for future policy decisions.

▪ Keyword : fluoride, ERα, gene polymorphism, women, reproductive hormones

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of fluoride exposure and ERα gene polymorphisms on reproductive hormone concentrations of women in accordance with endemic fluorosis residence.

▪ Keyword : epithelial ovarian tumour, teratoma, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, adolescent

▪ Content : A 13-year-old, obese girl presented with acute abdominal pain with abdominal distension for a year. The physical examination revealed marked abdominal distension with a large well-circumscribed mass sized 13×20 cm. Her body mass index (BMI) was 37.8 kg/m2.

▪ Keyword : melamine, mechanism, clinical features, detection, follow up

▪ Content : The melamine contaminated milk powder contamination scandal occurred in China in 2008. Its main consequences so far have been urinary stone formation in children with associated renal damage and increased child mortality. Eight years have passed, but food safety issues still remain of concern in the daily lives of millions of Chinese.

▪ Keyword : food systems, food security, econutrition, ecosystem health disorders (EHD), personalised nutrition, peopleless food outlets, clinical nutrition

▪ Content : Food systems have changed markedly with human settlement and agriculture, industrialisation, trade, migration and now the digital age. Throughout these transitions, there has been a progressive population explosion and net ecosystem loss and degradation.

▪ Keyword : atopic dermatitis, individualized nutrition intervention, SCORAD index, growth, nutritional status

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common pediatric chronic inflammatory skin diseases, and certain food allergens and nutrients are closely related to the development and severity of atopic dermatitis. While avoidance of the causative foods is considered the mainstay of treatment, unverified excessive restriction might induce unnecessary limitations in the food intake, consequently leading to nutritional deficiencies and poor growth. This study aimed to identify the characteristics and nutrient intake status in children with atopic dermatitis and to investigate the effects of individualized nutrition intervention.

▪ Keyword : coffee caffeine, sleep deprivation, glucose homeostasis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sleep deprivation and coffee caffeine consumption have been shown to affect glucose homeostasis separately, but the combined effects of these two variables are unknown. Methods and Study Design: Forty-two healthy Iranian men, aged 20-40 years old, were assigned to three groups in a randomised crossover trial involving three treatments with two-week washout periods. Subjects were moderate coffee consumers (≤3 cups/day), and had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≤5.

▪ Keyword : fibre-enriched nutrition, volume ratio, diarrhoea, enteral nutrition, gastric residual volume

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study’s main aim was to observe the effects of a fibre-enriched nutrition solution on requisite feeding volume, which is directly proportional to energy intake in mechanically ventilated patients with enteral nutrition.

▪ Keyword : insulin resistance, trivalent chromium, magnesium, glucose transporter 4, T lymphocytes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Peroral supplementation with trivalent-chromium (Cr) or magnesium (Mg) has been shown to improve insulin resistance (IR). The objective of this study was to determine whether combined peroral supplementation with Cr and Mg improves IR more effectively than Cr or Mg alone.

▪ Keyword : cholecalciferol, hemodialysis, vitamin D, calcium, supplementation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Seventy six hemodialysis (HD) patients were used in a prospective randomized and clinical trial to determine if a multivitamin with vitamin D (cholecalciferol 12,000 IU/week) given during dialysis would improve the vitamin D status of hemodialysis subjects.