Volume 26 Issue 6

▪ Keyword : height, ulna length, anthropometric, predict, Vietnamese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Height is an essential measurement in clinical medicine. It allows the calculation of body mass index, ideal body weight, basic energy requirements and tidal volumes. In many patient groups, such as the critically ill, height cannot be measured easily and surrogate anthropometric measures are used. Regression equations estimating height are specific to ethnicity. We aimed to develop the regression equation for Vietnamese men and women to predict height from ulna length and so improve prescription of life-saving treatment in the intensive care units.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, 25(OH)D, IDS ELISA, DiaSorin LIAISON, Mongolia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Assay cost, quality, and availability pose challenges for vitamin D surveys in limited resource settings. This study aimed to validate an inexpensive vitamin D assay (ELISA) under real-world conditions in Mongolia, the northernmost developing country, to characterize the assay’s usefulness and inform the design of epidemiologic studies in similar regions.

▪ Keyword : PG-SGA, EQ-5D, hospital length of stay, weight loss, anthropometric measurea

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study validated the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) for nutritional screening in acutely unwell elderly patients against a reference assessment tool – Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Methods and Study Design: One hundred and thirty two acutely admitted general medical patients contributed data for this study.

▪ Keyword : dietary sodium intake, peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal sodium removal, urinary sodium removal,dialysis adequacy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Restriction of dietary sodium intake for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is recommended, but there is limited information on the measurement and monitoring of sodium intake. We have developed a simple method to estimate daily sodium intake during the measurement of dialysis adequacy in PD patients. Methods and Study Design: A total of 83 PD patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on residual renal function (RRF). We measured total sodium removal and estimated daily sodium intake using dietary recall for one day, during the assessment of dialysis adequacy.

▪ Keyword : dysphagia, intake, modified diet, satisfaction, taste

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the safety of iEAT (a food that is softened by heat and enzyme homogeneous permeation) and iEAT-affected nutrition parameters, e.g., nutrition intake (calculated from the consumption rate in patients with impaired mastication and those with mild dysphagia).

▪ Keyword : critical illness, body mass index, obesity, overweight, energy intake

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommends hypocaloric feeding for critically ill patients with a BMI of ≥30.0 kg/m2. However, the cut-off value of obesity in Japan is BMI >25.0 kg/m2, due to the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular risk factors, even at a lower BMI than in Western populations. Thus, the optimal energy intake for critically ill, overweight Asian patients is unknown.

▪ Keyword : lipid emulsion, parenteral nutrition, intensive care unit, cost-effectiveness

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A prior meta-analysis showed favorable metabolic effects of structured triglyceride (STG) lipid emulsions in surgical and critically ill patients compared with mixed medium-chain/long-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) emulsions. Limited data on clinical outcomes precluded pharmacoeconomic analysis. We performed an updated meta-analysis and developed a cost model to compare overall costs for STGs vs MCT/LCTs in Chinese hospitals.

▪ Keyword : performance status (PS) scale, enteral nutrition (EN), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), oncology, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study investigated whether total parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition is associated with improved biochemical and clinical outcomes in cancer patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Methods and Study Design: From January to December 2014, the clinical data of 68 patients in a cancer ward were retrospectively collected, and these patients were classified into two groups according to nutrition delivery, through parenteral nutrition, combined with enteral nutrition more (group A) or less (group B) than 250 kcal/day.

▪ Keyword : kale, vitamin A, carotenoids, deuterium, peanut butter

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Kale is a rich source of provitamin A- β-carotene. This study used intrinsically labeled kale [2H9] β-carotene to determine the effect of peanut butter on the bioconversion of kale β-carotene to vitamin A in preschool children. Methods and Study Design: Preschool children (n=37; age 12-36 mo) were randomly assigned to 50 g cooked kale (1.5 mg β-carotene content) with either 33 g peanut butter (PBG) or with 16 g lard (LG) and a reference dose of 1 mg [13C10] retinyl acetate capsule.

▪ Keyword : adipocytokine, body composition, chlorogenic acid, lipid profile, obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity has become a public health problem and is a cause of some preventable illnesses. Among several methods for treating obesity, the use of food supplements is highly common. A commonly used food supplement is green coffee bean extract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of green coffee bean extract combined with an energy-restricted diet on the body composition and serum adipocytokines in obese women.

▪ Keyword : weight loss, meal replacement, portion control, ready to eat cereal, Indian women

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Strategies to prevent and treat overweight/obesity are urgently needed. This study assessed the effect of a short-term intake of ready-to-eat cereal on body weight and waist circumference of overweight/obese individuals in comparison to a control group. Methods and Study Design: A randomized, controlled 2-arm trial was carried out on 101 overweight/obese (Body Mass Index – 29.2±2.4 kg/m2) females aged 18 to 44 years, at St. John’s Medical College Hospital.

▪ Keyword : compressed food, oligosaccharide, oligopeptide, exercise performance, endurance training

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Oligosaccharide or oligopeptide supplementation may have a significant impact on endurance performance. This study evaluated the effects of adding maltooligosaccharides (MO) or soy oligopeptides (SO) to compressed food (CF) on the physical response of soldiers to daily military training. Methods and Study Design: Twelve soldiers were randomized to four diet groups: regular meals, CF, CFMO, and CFSO (crossover design).

▪ Keyword : vitamin B-12, homocysteine, Crohn’s disease, malabsorption, vitamin insufficiency

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: In Crohn’s disease (CD), belonging to inflammatory bowel disease, the small intestine is involved in most cases. Most frequently affected is the distal ileum, where vitamin B-12 is specifically absorbed. Therefore, malabsorption of vitamin B-12 is quite likely to occur in patients with CD. In this study, we have studied the vitamin B-12 status in CD patients.

▪ Keyword : ASP, BIA, HOMA-IR, proinflammatory, complement system

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The C3 complement component (C3) is increasingly recognized as a cardiometabolic risk factor. We aimed to examine the role of C3 in insulin resistance (IR) and its association with adiposity. Methods and Study Design: Sixty-seven obese (18-35 years) participants were matched with normal weight participants from the University of Jordan. BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHpR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated.

▪ Keyword : amino acid-based formula, corn glucose polymer, cow’s milk protein allergy, immunotolerance, rice glucose polymer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Reasons for intolerance to commercial amino acid-based formulas (cAAF) in infants diagnosed with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMA) remain unknown. We assume that minute amounts of proteins, presenting in the glucose polymers derived from corn starch (cGPs), can elicit the intolerance to the cAAFs observed in some infants with CMA.

▪ Keyword : pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, heme iron, nonheme iron, supplemental iron

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Some potential role of iron overload in the development of diabetes mellitus have been suggested. Our study aimed to systematically assess the association between the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and iron intakes/body iron status.

▪ Keyword : children, liver disease, nutritional risk screening, malnutrition, nutritional support

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality from pediatric liver disease. We investigated the prevalence of both malnutrition and high nutritional risk in hospitalized children with liver disease as well as the rate of in-hospital nutritional support.

▪ Keyword : eating habits, childhood obesity, qualitative design, school health, Brunei

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is a serious public health issue globally and poor eating habits are an important contributing factor. This study aimed to explore the perceptions, practices and attitudes towards healthy eating in Bruneian primary school children.

▪ Keyword : food frequency questionnaire, vitamin B-12 deficiency, South Asian women, serum B-12, holotranscobalamin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A high prevalence of vitamin B-12 (B-12) deficiency among young women of South Asian origin predisposes to significant health risks for these women and their future offspring. Vegetarian or low-meat based dietary practices contribute to B-12 deficiency. This study validated a nutrient-specific, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (B12FFQ), developed to estimate dietary B-12 intake in South Asian women.

▪ Keyword : snack, beverages, non-core foods, television advertisement, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The consumption of unhealthy snack and beverages can lead to childhood obesity, which has become a major concern globally. Television food advertisements may influence children's snack and beverages preferences. This article aims to explore children's snack and beverage consumption habits; examine the extent of television advertising for non-core (energy-dense, nutrient poor) snack and beverages; and assess the influence of television advertising on children's snack and beverages preferences in Harbin, China.

▪ Keyword : food industry, New Zealand, sodium dietary, food labelling, cardiovascular disease

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The Tick programme of the National Heart Foundation (NHF) is the longest standing voluntary front of pack signpost nutrition logo in New Zealand. It provides a platform for collaboration with the food industry to encourage development of healthier products. This study evaluated the impact of the Tick programme on sodium in processed food.

▪ Keyword : childhood obesity, comprehensive intervention, physical activity, nutrition, lipids

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: With prevalence of childhood obesity increasing rapidly, developing of effective and sustainable intervention strategies is becoming more and more important for the prevention of childhood obesity in China. A trial was developed to evaluate the effect of comprehensive school-based intervention on childhood obesity.

▪ Keyword : rice intake, mortality, Chinese, cohort study, epidemiology

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The few studies that have assessed the association between rice intake and mortality have generated inconsistent results. We assessed whether rice intake was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, cancer mortality and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of the Chinese population.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, polysomnography, sleep onset latency, apnoea hypopnea index, men

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests potential effects of nutrients/foods on sleep parameters. However, no studies have addressed the complex interactions among nutrients/foods and relate them to sleep outcomes. To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and sleep parameters (polysomnography (PSG) measured and self-reported sleep symptoms) in a large sample of community dwelling men in South Australia.

▪ Keyword : single-nucleotide polymorphism, hepcidin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, Chinese adolescents

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Associations between genetic variants in the hepcidin regulation pathway and iron status have been reported in previous studies. Most of these studies were conducted in populations of European descent and relatively few studies have been conducted in Chinese populations. In this study, we evaluated associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hepcidin regulation pathway, serum ferritin (SF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in Chinese adolescents.