Volume 27 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : undernutrition, stunting, wasting, Papua New Guinea, systematic review

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Undernutrition remains a significant cause of childhood illness, poor growth, development, and death in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Studies on child nutritional outcomes in PNG vary by design, measurement protocols and quality. We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for the prevalence of child undernutrition across different study populations, geographical locations and time periods.

▪ Keyword : lactobacilli, mutans streptococci, cariogenic bacteria, obesity, menstruation cycle

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The counts of cariogenic bacteria lactobacilli and mutans streptococci have been studied and correlated with sugar intake. This study was to investigate the association between salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts with sweet food eating behavior and sweet sensitivity among 120 Malaysian women (101 ethnic Chinese, 19 ethnic Indians), while taking into account anthropometric and menstruation variables.

▪ Keyword : umami, sweetness, food preference, food intake, filter-paper disc method

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although there are many studies on the umami receptor and its signaling pathway, literature on the effect of umami taste acuity on dietary choices in healthy subjects is limited. The current study aims to clarify the relationship between umami taste acuity with sweet or bitter taste acuity, food preference and intake.

▪ Keyword : antimicrobial, prevalence, inflammation, myeloperoxidase, oxidative stress

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The prevalence and potential health effects of common food antimicrobials in processed foods and beverages are relatively unknown in Singapore. The occurrence of chemical antimicrobials in processed foods and beverages and their effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro were examined. Methods and Study Design: The occurrence of antimicrobials in 1605 processed food and 359 beverage items were examined by surveying the ingredients on the product labels. Human neutrophils were exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of common antimicrobials.

▪ Keyword : ω-3 fatty acid, parenteral nutrition, gastrointestinal cancer, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Omega-3 fatty acids are widely used in nutritional support. However, whether parenteral supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids is effective for gastrointestinal cancer patients remains uncertain. This study assessed the effects of this form of parenteral nutrition on immune function and clinical outcomes in postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients.

▪ Keyword : home enteral nutrition, quality of life, esophagectomy, nutrition support, cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The potential benefits of home enteral nutrition (HEN) and the effects of HEN on quality of life (QOL) after esophagectomy remain unclear. The aim was to investigate the effect of 3 months HEN on health related QOL and nutritional status of esophageal cancer patients who were preoperatively malnourished.

▪ Keyword : anaesthesia, carbohydrate, ERAS, ketogenesis, blood glucose management

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Preoperative oral carbohydrate therapy has been suggested to attenuate postoperative insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate-rich beverage given preoperatively on intraoperative glucose metabolism. Methods and Study Design: This study was a randomised, open-label, placebo-controlled trial. Patients undergoing oral–maxillofacial surgery were divided into two groups. In the glucose group, patients took glucose (50 g/278 mL, p.o.) 2 h before anaesthesia induction after overnight fasting; control-group patients took mineral water.

▪ Keyword : oral nutritional supplements, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chemotherapy, child, complications

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To determine the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy. Methods and Study Design: We included 127 paediatric patients who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and undergoing remission–induction chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Children from two paediatric wards who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.

▪ Keyword : krill oil, fish oil, LC n-3 PUFA, EPA, postprandial response

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Krill oil (KO) and fish oil (FO) are good sources of health-benefiting long chain n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), EPA and DHA. There are conflicting outcomes on the bioavailability of LC n-3 PUFA from KO compared with FO. This study investigated the postprandial incorporation of LC n3 PUFA into plasma lipids following consumption of 5 capsules of KO or FO in comparison with olive oil (OO) control in healthy women.

▪ Keyword : clinical nutrition service, clinical dietitian, Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, acute care hospital, nutritional intervention rate

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Beginning in 2007, 29 hospitals in South Korea have received accreditation from Joint Commission International (JCI). The present study aimed to identify differences in clinical nutrition service provisions between JCI accredited acute care hospitals and non-accredited acute care hospitals. A survey questionnaire was sent to all 43 acute care hospitals in South Korea.

▪ Keyword : rehabilitation nutrition, sarcopenia, cachexia, assessment, malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The rates of sarcopenia and cachexia evaluations by different occupational groups at different settings are unclear. The objectives are to evaluate and compare the relative use of sarcopenia and cachexia evaluations among dietitians and associated healthcare professionals in a diverse range of settings. Methods and Study Design: Participants were 4,621 members from the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition. Settings included acute general wards, convalescent rehabilitation wards, long-term care wards, homecare service, and other settings.

▪ Keyword : food, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), nutrition, policies, Vietnam

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This review manuscript examines the burden and national response to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), food and nutrition security in Vietnam from 1975 to 2015. Methods and Study Design: We extracted data from peer-reviewed manuscripts and reports of nationally representative surveys and related policies in Vietnam.

▪ Keyword : children, head up tilt test, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, vasovagal syncope, vitamin B-12

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The present study aims to determine the serum vitamin B-12 in children presenting with vasovagal syncope. Methods and Study Design: This is a prospective review of 160 children presenting with vasovagal syncope. Subgroup analysis was done based on the results of head up tilt test.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, soluble CD40 ligand, mean platelet volume, soluble P-selectin, waist circumference

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Recent studies have reported that obesity is associated with platelet activation and systemic inflammation. Malaysia has the highest prevalence of obesity, hence, this research is performed to evaluate the development of low-grade inflammation and platelet activation, measured using soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel), and to determine their association with obesity. In addition, we assessed the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT), which are novel parameters consistently associated with obesity.

▪ Keyword : iron deficiency anemia, non pregnant women, prevalence, predictors, nationally representative data

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Iron deficiency Anemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age is a recognized public health concern that impairs health and well-being in women and is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. In Pakistan there is a dearth of up-to-date information on the prevalence and predictors of IDA. This study sought to investigate IDA in Pakistani women.

▪ Keyword : bioinformatics, Human donor milk, postnatal age, postpartum age, proteomics

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Human milk has nutritional, protective, and developmental advantages for premature infants. However, proteomic information of low abundant protein of donor milk is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the proteome of low abundant protein of donor milk obtained at different postpartum ages other than the colostrum.

▪ Keyword : energy intake, Indonesian children, overweight, physical activity, socio-economic status

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Indonesia is currently facing double burden malnutrition in children. As overweight and obesity are due to a disturbed energy balance, this study aimed to assess the association of total energy intake and physical activity with the prevalence of overweight among Indonesian children. Methods and Study Design: The data used for this analysis were from 1143 children, 6-12 years old, that participated in the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS).

▪ Keyword : vegetable, fruit, child, adolescent, KNHANES

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study analyzed the intake of fruits and vegetables by cooking location and daily meals for Korean children and adolescents. Methods and Study Design: For this study, 2,538 Korean children and adolescents aged 7–18 years, who participated in the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary intake survey (24-hour recall methods), were sampled.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, 25(OH)D, cardiometabolic disease, diabetes, public health

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is reportedly common, but we lack data from young adults. Such data are of interest because epidemiological data support vitamin D as a possible risk modulator for diabetes and cardiovascular (‘cardiometabolic’) disease. Our objectives were to assess vitamin D status (as plasma 25(OH)D concentration) and investigate associations between this and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in a group of still-healthy young adults in Hong Kong.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, principal component analysis, body mass index, obesity, adolescents

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: In investigating diet-disease relationships, examination of dietary patterns allows for conclusions to be drawn based on overall intake. This study characterized dietary patterns of early adolescent girls over a two-year period and examined the relationship between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI).

▪ Keyword : diet, protein intake, stroke severity, outcome, ischemic stroke

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary protein intake has been associated with reduced risk of stroke. This study aimed to examine the relationship between premorbid dietary intake of protein and both stroke severity and neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

▪ Keyword : primary lactose intolerance, secondary lactose intolerance, hydrogen breath test, prevalence, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis of primary and secondary lactose intolerance (LI), including age of onset, among children 1-5 years of age. Suspected/perceived lactose intolerance can lead to dietary restrictions which may increase risk of future health issues. Methods and Study Design: MEDLINE, CAB Abstract, and Embase were searched for articles published from January 1995-June 2015 related to lactose intolerance in young children. Authors independently screened titles/abstracts, full text articles, for eligibility against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed quality of the included studies.

▪ Keyword : folate, blood folate concentrations, neural tube defects, MTHFR, case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There is considerable evidence that periconceptional maternal folate deficiency and coding variants in maternal genes coding for critical enzymes in the folate pathway are associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. In a case-control study we investigated C677T polymorphism in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in case and control mothers of Pakistani origin, and compared these with the respective maternal folate concentrations measured at the time of delivery.

▪ Keyword : added sugar, diet, Indonesia, consumption, food sources

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The present report summarized the best available evidence regarding consumption level and sources of free or added sugars in Indonesia. Methods and Study Design: Information was extracted from food balance sheets, household expenditure surveys, nutrition surveys, published studies, unpublished theses/dissertations, and government reports.

▪ Keyword : nutritional screening tool, pediatric patients, undernutrition, clinical outcome, validation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There is no evidence on the most effective nutritional screening tool for hospitalized children. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a pediatric nutritional screening tool to assess undernutrition risk upon hospital admission. Methods and Study Design: The study had a two-phase prospective observational design. A novel pediatric nutritional screening score (PNSS) was developed and sensitivity, specificity, and reliability were evaluated by comparing with a complete dietetic assessment. Length of hospital stay, weight loss, disease complications, and nutritional support were recorded.

▪ Keyword : indirect calorimetry, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, oxygen consumption, validation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) are important for optimal nutritional care. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and repeatability of an indirect calorimetry device (IIM-IC-100) in the measurement of REE and RQ in healthy Chinese adults. Methods and Study Design: A total of 38 healthy adults (19 male and 19 female) aged 18-52 years (25±6 years) were enrolled in this study. REE and RQ were measured by IIM-IC-100 and by VO2000, alternately and in duplicate.

▪ Keyword : elderly, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, malnutrition, mortality, albumin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The increasing prevalence of malnutrition in old people is related to the risk of illness and death. A number of screening tools to detect malnutrition have been used in the elderly to assess nutritional status and predict prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) to assess nutritional status and predict mortality in very old home-care people by using a cross-sectional study of Chinese older people aged 90–105 years.

▪ Keyword : decorticated finger millet, vermicelli, glycaemic index, dietary fibre, functional foods

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) (FM) is rich in dietary fibre and is therefore expected to elicit a lower glycemic response compared to other grains. However, there is little data on the glycemic properties of FM-based products. We evaluated the nutritional, sensory and glycemic properties of decorticated millet with lower polish (DFM-LDP), flakes (FMF), vermicelli (FMV) and extruded snack (FMES) (both FMV and FMES with 7-8% added soluble fibre).

▪ Keyword : obesity, chronic low grade inflammation, dietary inflammatory index, urban women, Myanmar

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the association between obesity and chronic low grade inflammation (CLGI) measured by Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as a proxy indicator of CLGI among obese and non-obese teachers. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross sectional study among 128 non-obese (BMI <25) and 116 obese (BMI 25) female teachers aged 25-60 years from six urban schools in Yangon, Myanmar between January and March 2015.