Volume 28 Issue 3

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide and usually leads to impaired neurodevelopment. Appropriate introduction of complementary foods is man-datory for all infants to prevent iron insufficiency. We aimed to demonstrate feeding behaviors in relation to infant iron status and also identify potential concomitant nutrient inadequacies. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study of infants 6-12 months old was performed at the Well Baby Clinic at Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani. Demographic data, feeding practices and nutritional status were obtained.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Current best practice for postoperative feeding in surgical patients is well es-tablished, however implementation of evidence-based practice comes with many challenges. A common bar-rier is surgeon adherence to guidelines and the reasons behind this are not well understood. Pelvic exentera-tion surgery is a complex surgery and postoperative feeding methods in this patient cohort vary significantly from patient to patient. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers for surgeons to implement evidence based feeding methods after pelvic exenteration surgery and provide practical strategies for non-surgeon healthcare workers to improve compliance. Methods and Study Design: A qualitative study was conducted by performing semi-structured interviews...

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Swallowing difficulty and diabetes mellitus are common in the elderly. How-ever, texture-modified foods suitable for blood sugar control are scarce. This study was aimed to identify texture, glycemic indices (GIs) and postprandial responses of original and high-fiber Riceberry rice puddings. Methods and Study Design: International Dysphagia Diet Standard Initiative (IDDSI)’s methods were used to determine texture. In vitro digestion was performed for estimating glycemic indices. A randomized cross-over controlled trial was conducted in twelve healthy volunteers. Original pudding, high-fiber pudding and white bread containing 40 g carbohydrate each were assigned in random sequence with twelve-day wash-out inter-vals.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: An individual’s liking of food may be associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) due to its subsequent impact on food consumption. This study investigates the association between food lik-ing and BMI in young adults from Australia and Thailand. Methods and Study Design: Food liking data were collected via a validated online Food Liking Questionnaire (FLQ). Food liking scores were calculated for overall liking of groupings of foods: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, animal protein, plant-based protein, fat and oil, sweet food, salty food, and alcohol.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Results regarding associations between specific-food and prognosis of colorec-tal cancer (CRC) are limited and inconsistent, and few studies have examined this issue in Asian population. This study examined the association between diet and prognosis of CRC, and developed a diet quality score for prognosis of CRC. Methods and Study Design: 352 participants who provided completed dietary infor-mation were recruited during 2004 to 2014, and there are 154 death case documented with 10-year follow-up. Cox regression models were used to examine associations between food groups and survival rate, and to de-velop the diet quality score for prognosis of CRC.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between retinol and risk of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese adults. Methods and Study Design: Eighty-six subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 40 healthy subjects (healthy comparison group, HCG) were recruited in Bei-jing Luhe Hospital. Of the 86 T2DM subjects, 43 subjects were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (DRG), and 43 subjects had no retinopathy (DNRG).

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The purpose of our study was to estimate the national prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its individual components and its changes in the past decade. Methods and Study Design: Two national-representative cross-sectional surveys: the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 (CNNHS 2002) and the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010–2012 (CNNHS 2010–2012). A total of 48,235 and 104,098 participants aged 18 years or older who had completed data on physi-cal examination, blood lipids, and fasting glucose tests from CNNHS 2002 and CNNHS 2010–2012, respec-tively, were included in current study.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Chinese women in rural areas who are currently ≥55 years old have experi-enced extreme undernutrition during their childbearing age. Their specific experiences provided us with a natural quasi-experimental field for assessing the effects of consuming eggs to obtain nutrients during the childbearing period on preventing nonfatal coronary events (NCE) during the postmenopausal period in the framework of life course epidemiology. Methods and Study Design: A population-based matched case–control design for NCE was conducted in Yiyuan County, Shandong Province, China.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of auscultation-assisted bedside postpyloric feeding tube (ABPFT) placement in early enteral nutritional support for critically ill patients. Methods and Study Design: A prospective observational study was conducted and 92 critically ill patients who met the in-clusion criteria undergoing ABPFT placement after the intravenous injection of 10 mg of metoclopramide were included. Abdominal X-ray was performed to confirm the location of the catheter tip. End points inves-tigated were the success rate of tube placement, rate of jejunal tube placement, duration of the procedure, length of insertion, and number of attempts.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aimed to determine the association between Hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin with blood pressure (BP) and risk of hypertension (HTN) among elderly South African adults in four time points over a period of 10 years. Methods and Study Design: We used the data source from the Sharpeville Project conducted among the elderly in Sharpeville, South Africa (SA). A total of 275 subjects from the 2004 data source were included. Among these, data were available for 251, 114, and 81 subjects in 2007, 2012, and 2014 respectively. Confounding factors included age, BMI, sodium intake, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum total cholesterol.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition and energy metabolism disorders are characterized by a low res-piratory quotient in patients with liver failure and often lead to poor prognosis. Therefore, early nutrition in-terventions are crucial for patients with liver failure to ameliorate abnormal metabolic status and malnutrition. This study explored the effect of an individualized nutrition intervention on the respiratory quotient of pa-tients with liver failure. Methods and Study Design: An individualized 2-week nutrition intervention was conducted on patients with nutritional risk caused by liver failure according to patient resting energy expendi-ture. Patients were separated into two groups for further analysis according to whether their energy intake reached 1.2 times their resting...

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study investigated major dietary patterns and their relationship to obesity among urbanized Tibetan pastoralists. Methods and Study Design: Using a cross-sectional design, this study assessed 782 urbanized Tibetan pastoralists aged 18-84 y. A food frequency questionnaire and anthropomet-ric measurements were conducted in 2018. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Logistic regression was applied to compare the risks for overweight (BMI ≥24 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2), and central obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm for women and ≥85 cm for men) across quintiles of dietary pattern scores after controlling for gender, age, education, medical insurance, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Cow milk allergy is the most common food allergic disease in young infants and vitamin D has a critical role in regulating intestinal inflammation. Methods and Study Design: To deter-mine roles of vitamin D in cow milk allergy, fifty-six young infants with cow milk allergy were enrolled. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total and specific IgE, circulating regulatory T lymphocytes, and blood eosinophil counts were determined.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The precise association between palm oil consumption and lipid-related cardi-ovascular disease risk remains unclear. A systematic review was thus performed to assess whether palm oil consumption has a negative effect on plasma lipid-related cardiovascular disease marker levels. Methods and Study Design: In June 2018, the electronic bibliographic databases PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), the Cochrane Library (Ovid) and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched and a total of 11 eligible dietary intervention articles involving 961 volunteers were selected. Both random and fixed effect models were used to calculate pooled weighted mean differences (WMD).

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The extent to which health and survival inequality between indigenous and nonindigenous older Taiwanese is associated with diet is uncertain. Methods and Study Design: Participants from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999–2000) formed this cohort. Dietary infor-mation was collected by 24-hr recall and simplified food frequency questionnaire. Dietary quality was as-sessed by dietary diversity score (DDS, 0-6). Annual medical service utilization and expenditure were de-rived from National Health Insurance claims until 2006.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The association between skeletal muscle status and gastric cancer (GC) prog-nosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) on overall surviv-al (OS) in GC patients after radical gastrectomy. Methods and Study Design: We divided 178 patients into four groups: adult men, adult women, elderly men and elderly women. The SMI, calculated using CT images, of patients was graded using cutoff values of group-specific tertiles. Age, body mass index, SMI grade, Charlson comorbidity index, surgical method (total vs distal gastrectomy), tumor stage, and histological type and differentiation were included in Cox regression models to assess the primary outcome parameter of OS.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity and diet contribute to the development of hypercholesterolemia; there-fore, controlling blood lipid concentration through diet is essential. To understand the role of diet in control-ling blood lipid concentration, we evaluated the food and nutrient intakes, anthropometry, and blood lipid concentrations of adults with dyslipidemia with or without lipid-lowering drug use. Methods and Study De-sign: For this cross-sectional study, three-year data were obtained from the 6th–7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2017). Patients with dyslipidemia were categorized as users (1,734) or nonusers (856) of lipid-lowering drugs.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It is well known that dietary factors affect the development of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the associations between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease risk factors using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2009. Methods and Study Design: A total of 6,648 Chinese adults aged 18-60 were divided into five groups based on carbohydrate intake (% of energy). Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to estimate the risk factors in relation to carbohydrate intake, and mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Older adults are at increased risk of micronutrient deficiency, disrupting the balance of oxidation/antioxidation system and leading to serious health burdens. This study aimed to investi-gate the effect of micronutrient pack on micronutrient status and oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers in insti-tutional older adults. Methods and Study Design: Subjects aged 65-100 years were randomly assigned to ei-ther intervention group or control group (n=49 each), providing a package of micronutrient pack or placebo daily for three months. The concentrations of micronutrients, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxi-dase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected both at baseline and at the end of the study.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with many ad-verse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels (<30 nmol/L) in-creases the risk of nutritional rickets. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of cord serum 25OHD in a birth cohort in Guangzhou, China and determine whether maternal lifestyle factors had any effect on these levels. Methods and Study Design: A total of 854 pregnant women giving birth between Dec 2016 and Dec 2017 were recruited to this study. Basic information was obtained from the clinical database.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A recent dietary survey in 5 big cities in China provided information on vari-ous milk options consumed by 1-3 years old children. To investigate the nutritional role of these milks (young-child formula (YCF), cow’s milk, others), simulation analyses based on this survey were performed. Methods and Study Design: We studied daily intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins A, B-1, B-2, C and E and compared these to the Chinese DRIs. In Scenario 1, consumption of cow’s milk, kid’s milk and/or soy milk was replaced with matching amounts of YCF (n=66 children). In Scenario 2, where 348 children exclu-sively consumed YCF, YCF was replaced with matching amounts of cow’s milk.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The studies investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are few, and the results are controversial. We aim to evaluate the association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with CRF in adults, and assess whether the associations vary with ageing. Methods and Study Design: The study included 78 middle-aged (30-64 years) and 83 elderly (65-79 years) Japanese men. Hand grip strength and leg extension power were measured using hand grip and leg dynamometers, respectively. CRF was measured via a maximal graded exercise test and quantified as the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak).

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on the post-discharge nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) of gastrointestinal cancer patients after surgery. Methods and Study Design: A multi-center study was conducted on gastrointestinal cancer patients who received sur-gical treatment from 2013–2015. All patients were screened using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) to assess nutritional risk. Patients with nutritional risk were randomized into two groups: patients in the study group (n=55) were given dietary guidance and ONS, control group (n=59) received only dietary guid-ance.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study explored the appropriate classification of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in women of childbearing age in Beijing, China. Methods and Study Design: Women with sin-gleton pregnancies at more than 28 gestational weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), these patients were divided into 7 groups: <18.5, ≥18.5–22.9, ≥23–23.9, ≥24–24.9, ≥25–27.9, ≥28–29.9, and ≥30. Pregnancy adverse outcomes, including gestational hypertension with or with-out preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, initial cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia, large-for-gestational age infant and so on were recorded.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Rising obesity in Southeast Asia, one consequence of economic growth, has been linked to a rising consumption of energy from added sugars. This symposium, organized by ILSI Southeast Asia, explored regional issues related to dietary sugars and health and identified ways in which these issues could be addressed by regional regulatory agencies, food producers, and the consumer. Methods and Study Design: Papers on the following topics were presented: 1) current scientific evidence on the ef-fects of sugars and non-caloric sweeteners on body weight, health, and eating behaviors; 2) innovations by food producers to reduce sugar consumption in the region; 3) regional dietary surveillance of sugar consumption and suggestions for consumer guidance. A panel discussi...