Volume 29 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : innate immunity, food systems, phytonutrients, food biodiversity, nutritional biology, econutrition

▪ Content : Pandemics have shaped humanity over and over again, but the coronavirus outbreak of 2019-2020 is in a world at the tipping point of catastrophic climate change. Its origins and distinction derive from over-population with inequity and an industrial revolution since the 17th century which has exploited fossil fuels as a globalised energy source, a period now described as the anthropocene. Asymptotic ecosystem loss and dysfunction, for people whose being is socioecological, makes ultimate survival tenuous. Microbial forms of life jump species when habitats are destroyed, or their host misused. Our innate immunity depends on our general health and fitness-social, mental, physical, and nutritional, in step with nature and its rhythms through walking in it, enjoying sunlight and sleep. B...

▪ Keyword : genome-wide association studies, gene-environment interaction, type 2 diabetes

▪ Content : Type 2 diabetes (T2D) caused by the complex interplay of both genetic and environmental factors, is a seri-ous public health issue. Compelling evidence from epidemiological studies has highlighted that an unhealthy lifestyle, such as obesity, physical inactivity and poor diet are significant drivers of the epidemic of T2D. Meanwhile, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of T2D and gly-cemic traits loci. Emerging data emphasize the critical role that gene-environment interactions have played in the development of T2D. Identifying the genetic, environmental factors and their complex interplays may help elucidate the biological pathways of T2D, identify the high-risk groups and characterize heterogeneity in intervention programs. This review summar...

▪ Keyword : Nutrition Risk Screening, Malnutrition Screening Tool, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, oncology, laryngeal cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutritional screening has been recommended for hospitalized patients. The goal of this study was to compare the screening value of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Mal-nutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) in inpatients with laryn-geal cancer, and to identify which is the most accurate. Methods and Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study of 197 laryngeal cancer patients admitted for surgery was conducted using continuous sam-pling.

▪ Keyword : elderly, nutrition, whey protein, perioperative period, hip fracture

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We investigated the effects of a carbohydrate-whey protein solution on aged patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Methods and Study Design: Forty patients were randomly assigned to the carbohydrate-whey protein (CHP) group or the control group (CTL). In the CHP group, a mixed solu-tion of CHP was orally administered to patients before surgery: 400 mL was administered on the day before surgery, and 200 mL was administered 3 h before surgery. The size of the liquid dark area in the gastric an-trum was measured by ultrasound, and the bleeding volume during surgery was assayed. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, thirst, hunger, and days of hospitalization and the levels of blood glucose, C-reactive pro-tein (CRP) and serum albumin were assessed.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, total protein, short peptide, radical gastrectomy, clinical effect

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Enteral nutrition (EN) plays a vital role in promoting the recovery of patients after surgery. This study aims to clarify the effects of total protein enteral nutrition (TPEN) and short peptide enteral nutrition (SPEN) on the recovery of patients after radical gastrectomy. Methods and Study Design: Patients underwent radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into a TPEN (n=60) or SPEN group (n=60). These two kinds of EN were fed 24 hours after radical gastrectomy with increasing dose from 10 kcal/kg to maximal 25 kcal/kg on postoperative day (POD) 5 and with the maximal dose in following days. Supple-mental parenteral nutrition was given for replenishing energy deficits.

▪ Keyword : B vitamins, SCAD, dyslipidemia, inflammatory factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether B vitamins supplementation would im-prove dyslipidemia, alleviate inflammatory state of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). Methods and Study Design: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, 12-week, placebo-controlled trial involving adults with SCAD, and who were randomly divided into B vitamins group (folic acid and VB-6) and control group (placebo tablet). Blood tests had also been performed at baseline and endpoint.

▪ Keyword : glutamine, early enteral nutrition, meta-analysis, severe acute pancreatitis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Several studies have shown that glutamine (Gln) may play an important role in energy metabolism, inflammatory reactions, and immune processes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Nevertheless, the results of individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Gln nutrition support for SAP are contradictory. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the clinical benefit of Gln-supported early enteral nutrition (G+EEN) in patients with SAP. Methods and Study Design: Cochrane Li-brary, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for relevant studies published before December 2018.

▪ Keyword : transplant patients, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, mortality, negative energy balance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Even though the nutritional status of patients following organ transplant has a significant effect on outcomes, the energy intake of transplant patients hospitalized in the intensive care de-partment is not well reported. The present study aims to examine the medical nutritional therapy of transplant patients in a large transplant center. Methods and Study Design: Data were collected retrospectively. All pa-tients after perioperative transplant surgery or with late complications after organ transplants were included.

▪ Keyword : oropharyngeal dysphagia, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, nasogastric tube, enteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death in patients on nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. This study aimed to evaluate the oropharyngeal dysphagia and stratify risk of pneumonia in patients undergoing NGT feeding. Methods and Study Design: The study included patients on NGT feeding who underwent UGI endoscopy at Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, rapid rehabilitation surgery, lung cancer, nutritional risk, social and economic benefits

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the effect of accelerated rehabilitation combined with enteral nutrition on surgically treated lung cancer patients. Methods and Study Design: In total, 150 lung cancer pa-tients treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Sixty-six pa-tients were randomly divided into a control group with conventional nutrition (Con group) and an accelerated rehabilitation combined with enteral nutrition group (EN group). Postoperative drainage; total hospitalization time; total hospitalization expenses; and albumin, haemoglobin and total lymphocyte counts (TLC) before and after treatment were compared.

▪ Keyword : nutrition, energy intake, intensive care unit, BMI, clinical outcome

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The optimal energy intake for early nutrition therapy in critically ill patients is unknown, especially in Chinese patients with a lower BMI. This study investigated the relationship between energy intake and clinical outcomes in this patient population. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out at a tertiary hospital. Critically ill patients were recruited and divided into 3 tertiles ac-cording to the ratio of actual/target energy intake during the first week of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) (tertile I, <33.4%; tertile II, 33.4%–66.7%; and tertile III, >66.7%). 60-day mortality and other clinical outcomes were compared.

▪ Keyword : red furu, vitamin B-12, homocysteine, folate

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The health benefits of red furu in young, healthy volunteers had not been ade-quately investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single meal containing red furu on serum vitamin B-12 (B-12), homocysteine and other cardiometabolic risk factors compared with that of tofu. Methods and Study Design: Twenty-three healthy volunteers from Zhejiang University, China, were randomly assigned to two groups of consumption, either red furu (n=11, 5 women and 6 men) or tofu (n=12, 6 women and 6 men).

▪ Keyword : dyslipidemia, dietary pattern, Henan rural area, lipid levels, adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the association between dietary patterns and lipid levels in Henan rural area. Methods and Study Design: Fasting blood samples, information on die-tary intakes (with food frequency questionnaires) and other data were collected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Principal component analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence in-tervals (95%CI).

▪ Keyword : cardiovascular disease, mortality, dietary iron intake, dose–response meta-analysis, prospective cohort studies

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Many studies have investigated the association between dietary iron intake and death due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the results were inconsistent. We performed a dose–response meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the risk of CVD mortality with dietary intake of iron (total iron, heme iron, and non-heme iron). Methods and Study Design: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published up to February 21, 2019.

▪ Keyword : dietary phosphorus intake, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous study has reported phosphorus intake is associated prostate cancer (PCa), but the association between phosphorus intake and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels hasn't been reported in non-history of PCa population. Therefore, we performed a secondary data analysis based on existing data from the public Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2010) database. Methods and Study Design: Totally 6403 participants were selected from NHANES (2003-2010) database. The interested independent and dependent variables were considered as dietary phosphorus intake and PSA level, respectively.

▪ Keyword : nutrition intervention, food-based recommendations, linear programming, women of reproductive age, dyslipidemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Using a linear programming approach, an optimized food-based recommenda-tions (FBRs) had been formulated for Minangkabau women of reproductive age with dyslipidemia in Indone-sia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the promotion of the FBRs for improving dietary practic-es and nutrient intakes. Methods and Study Design: A community-based, clustered-randomized trial was conducted among Minangkabau women of reproductive age (20–44 years) with dyslipidemia. The subjects were assigned either into the FBR group (n=48), or the non-FBR group (n=54). Baseline and end-line dietary data were assessed through interviews using a one-week semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and two replicate 24-hour dietary recalls.

▪ Keyword : fruit, vegetable, pregnancy, breastfeeding, psychological distress

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Mental health disorders amongst pregnant and postpartum women are an in-creasing public health concern. Our aim was to determine the association between fruit and vegetable intake and psychological distress in a nationally representative sample of Australian pregnant and breastfeeding women. Methods and Study Design: This study used cross-sectional data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in the 2014 to 2015 Australian National Health Survey. Participants included 166 pregnant and 207 breastfeeding women >18 years old. Number of serves of fruit and vegetables usually consumed each day was reported.

▪ Keyword : height-for-age (HAZ), linear growth, stunting, micronutrient supplementation, animal source protein

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The efficacy of nutrient interventions to prevent/reverse stunting is considered to be restricted to early life. Whether such interventions are equally effective in later childhood is not clear. The present study evaluated the effect of a food-based high-quality protein and micronutrient intervention on the linear growth of Indian primary school children. Methods and Study Design: A secondary analysis of a one-year milk-protein and micronutrient fortified food product intervention (protein-energy ratio: 12.8%) on the height of 550 children aged 6-10 years, of poor-socioeconomic background, was carried out. Height and weight increments were compared between groups of each year of age using multiple linear regression. Com-parisons in prevalence of stunting and...

▪ Keyword : children, Mediterranean diet, obesity, abdominal obesity, neck circumference

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the association of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED index) with neck circumference, obesity, and abdominal obesity in a national sample of Turkish children aged 6–9 years. It was hypothesized that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects on BMI and waist and neck circumferences in children. Methods and Study Design: The study sample consisted of 900 children aged 6–9 years recruited from seven primary schools in Ünye District in Ordu, Turkey.

▪ Keyword : breakfast, food, nutrition, adult

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents offers advice for breakfast in China, current breakfast consumption habits are unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the fre-quency of breakfast consumption among adults and explore its associations with daily food consumption and daily nutrient intake. Methods and Study Design: A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed in this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics, breakfast consumption, and daily food and nutrient intake were investigated.

▪ Keyword : food variety, dietary diversity, nutrient intake, monetary diet cost, Japanese adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dietary diversity is an indicator of diet quality. Dietary diversity has been sug-gested to result in good nutrient intake, but it can affect dietary cost. We examined whether dietary diversity correlates with nutrient intake and monetary diet cost. Methods and Study Design: We used data for 3985 individuals (age range: 20–64 years) from the 2014 Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS).

▪ Keyword : bladder cancer, gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, gut barrier, fruit intake

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the changes of gut bacteria in bladder cancer pa-tients. Methods and Study Design: Newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients were recruited. All participants completed a questionnaire about personal behavior and diet. Pyrosequencing of the total genomic DNA ex-tracted from human feces was carried out by Illumina HiSeq 2000. The copy number of target DNA for bac-teria was determined by real-time quantitative PCR assay. Fecal short chain fatty acids contents were meas-ured by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid in se-rum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

▪ Keyword : restaurant menu, eating out, salinity, sodium content, sodium reduction

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Koreans tend to have high sodium intake in restaurants. This study assessed the effect of the sodium reduction project in restaurants in Daegu Metropolitan City. Methods and Study Design: A total of 156 sodium reduction menu items offered by 90 restaurants were categorized into 11 food groups to compare sodium content and salinity before and after the project. In total, 162 owners and staff members of the restaurants, as well as 727 of their customers, were surveyed on their perceptions of and satisfaction with the sodium reduction project.

▪ Keyword : iodine deficiency, commercial food fortification, Papua New Guinea, iodized salt, nutrient fortification standards

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Fortifying commercial table salt with iodine is the principal strategy used glob-ally to prevent dietary iodine deficiency. However, the costs of providing fortified salt to remote communi-ties may result in it not being locally available or too expensive for many households. This study shows that barriers to consuming adequately iodized salt remain significant for remote rural households in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods and Study Design: Using data from a rural household survey conducted in four ar-eas of PNG in 2018, two issues are examined. First, we contrast the characteristics of households that report-ed consuming or not consuming iodized table salt, respectively. Second, the adequacy of the iodine content of samples of table salt consumed was assess...

▪ Keyword : oatmeal, lipid profile, SNP, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1, apolipoprotein E

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Notable inter-individual differences in cholesterol-lowering effects following oatmeal consumption have been previously reported. Genetic variations may among the reasons for the het-erogeneous response to lipid modulations. And to determine whether SNP of cytochrome P450 family 7 sub-family A member 1 gene rs3808607 and isoforms of apolipoprotein E are associated with the inter-individual variations in cholesterol-lowering effects of oatmeal consumption, we did this study. Methods and Study Design: Data in this study were extracted from a parallel, controlled trial, in which 62 medication-naive hy-percholesterolemic patients provided with staple food substitute of either 80 g/d oatmeal (n=31) or 80 g/d re-fined white rice (n=31) for 45 days.

▪ Keyword : dysphagia, food classification, aspiration, malnutrition, nutrition management

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dysphagia is a common clinical symptoms among older adults. The incidence of dysphagia is high, and it can easily cause complications such as aspiration, aspiration pneumonia, and malnutrition; affect clinical outcomes; and even become life-threatening. Nutrition for patients with dyspha-gia is considered the first problem to address in dysphagia intervention. Currently, China has no standard for food classification and nutrition management for patients with dysphagia.