Volume 31 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : infant gut microbiome, intraindividual double burden of malnutrition, undernutrition, overnutrition, diet

▪ Content : The prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition in society is well known with the coexistence of under-nutrition with an increase in overweight/obesity; this has been increasing globally with nutritional imbalances and infectious diseases being the major etiological factors. However, there is also the coexistence of inappro-priate adiposity or metabolic dysfunction in an individual who appears currently undernourished by anthro-pometric standards (stunted or underweight); this is the intraindividual double burden of malnutrition. It could also occur in temporal sequence, as anthropometric overweight in an individual who has previously endured childhood undernutrition.

▪ Keyword : hypovitaminosis D, Vitamin D deficiency, prevalence, determinants, Bangladesh

▪ Content : Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Overt deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D deficiency is an important pub-lic health problem worldwide. This review examines the available published data from all peer-reviewed orig-inal research articles of community and hospital-based research carried out on vitamin D status in different population groups in Bangladesh. Baseline data of intervention trials are also included. The available select-ed articles were in English and retrieved from 2002 to January 2022. The paper concentrates on underlying factors for increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Bangladesh.

▪ Keyword : sugar, ultra-processed food, obesity, diet intervention, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is rapidly rising in China and effective diet interventions are needed. Here, we determine whether the Chinese government-recommended diet (GRD) or a modified diet of further restriction of sugar and ultra-processed food but without energy restriction, minimally processed diet (MPD) is effective on weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity/overweight. Methods and Study Design: This open-label, randomized study included 60 children and adolescents between 5-18 years old with overweight/obesity. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the GRD or MPD and self-managed at home for 12 weeks. Both groups received general recommendations in physical activities. The changes were evaluated in body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid met...

▪ Keyword : cancer patients, dietary intake, diet quality, food avoidance behaviour, malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous study reported that high proportion of Chinese cancer patients prac-tise food avoidance behaviour for fear of cancer recurrence. The present study aims at documenting the de-gree of food avoidance behaviours and its association with nutrient intake and diet quality among Chinese cancer patients. Methods and Study Design: Cross-sectional face-to-face interviews were conducted with 245 patients suffering from nasopharyngeal and colorectal cancer to investigate their food avoidance behav-iour. Participant’s nutrient intake was assessed by 3-day diet record. Diet quality was measured by Diet Quality Index – International (DQI-I).

▪ Keyword : Vitamin D, MAFLD, NAFLD, metabolic dysfunction, fatty liver

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been renamed as met-abolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) to reflect metabolic dysfunction. Vitamin D regulates free fatty acid flux from the periph-ery to the liver. The association MAFLD and vitamin D has been controversial. We investigated the associa-tion of MAFLD, nutrient intake, and vitamin D status in South Korean adults. Methods and Study Design: We analyzed patient responses from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (KNHANES) 2010-2011. The disease group was selected as per the latest guidelines. Steatosis was evaluated by the fatty liver index (FLI).

▪ Keyword : critical care medicine, intensivist, nutritional therapy, nutritional support, Continuing Nutrition Education (CNE)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the Intensivists’ cognizance of nutritional management and its determinants, and to provide evidence for standardizing nutritional therapy with protocols. Methods and Study Design: From April to July 2021, a multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional cognizance of critical care physicians in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Guizhou Province, China; Ques-tionnaires and scales were used as survey tools. The questionnaires sought general information about the re-spondents and documented their nutrition cognizance and practice. Five scalar dimensions explored nutri-tional management, with answers scored for 1-5 points, 3 points being the pass score.

▪ Keyword : liver failure, individualized nutritional intervention, respiratory quotient, resting energy expenditure, prognosis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients with liver failure often have energy metabolism disorders and malnu-trition, which lead to poor prognosis, rendering nutritional interventions essential. Methods and Study Design: Individualized nutritional interventions were offered according to the resting energy expenditure (REE) of pa-tients with liver failure, and the patients were followed up for 180 days. Results: Sixty patients with liver failure were enrolled and grouped by their prognosis and energy intake. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and body fat mass of the nonsurvival group were significantly higher than those of the surviv-al group (p<0.05), whereas the mean energy intake/REE (MEI/REE) and mean respiratory quotient (RQ) of the nonsurvival group were significantly low...

▪ Keyword : preterm infants, anemia, iron sucrose, parenteral nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Our objective is to study the efficacy and safety of parenteral nutrition (PN) with iron sucrose to prevent anemia in preterm infants. Methods and Study Design: We performed a ran-domized, double-blind controlled trial in which preterm infants were divided into five groups randomly: a control group (PN without iron sucrose, namely group Iron-0), and intervention groups (PN with iron sucrose 100 μg/kg/d, 200 μg/kg/d, 300 μg/kg/d and 400 μg/kg/d, namely group Iron-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The indicators were red blood cell (RBC) parameters, iron storage and oxidant stress.

▪ Keyword : medium-chain triglycerides, tunnel environment, immunity, gut microbiota

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Adverse environmental factors in tunnels increase the occurrence of respirato-ry and intestinal inflammatory disease, which is seriously harmful to worker health. It is reported that medi-um-chain triglycerides (MCT) can improve immune status and alter the gut microflora. This study investigates MCT effects on immune status and gut microbiota among tunnel workers. Methods and Study Design: For-ty-five workers were randomly divided into an MCT group (n=30) and control group (n=15), where they in-gested MCT-milk or a placebo milk for 12 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the inci-dence of respiratory infection and diarrhea. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum immune-related markers and changes in gut microbiota.

▪ Keyword : gestational diabetes mellitus, iron; ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between serum iron metabolism indexes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using a meta-analysis. Methods and Study Design: Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Prospective cohort or case-control studies evaluating the relationships between serum iron metabolism indexes and GDM were retrieved from these databases. The outcome indicators, such as mean ± standard deviation, relative risk (RR), or odds ratio (OR) were extracted. The RR or OR, standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the combined effect sizes.

▪ Keyword : B vitamins, tuberculosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic enzymes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Poor nutritional status is a common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) pa-tients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thiamin (VB-1) and riboflavin (VB-2) are coen-zymes important for the activation of many enzymes involved in improving nutritional status. We aimed to investigate enzymatic activities and the associations between VB-1 and VB-2, and their relations to nutritional status in TB and TB+T2DM patients. Methods and Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study that pro-spectively enrolled TB 40 patients with or without T2DM respectively from the Chest Hospital of Qingdao and 76 healthy controls with similar age and gender distributions were recruited from the medical center of the affiliated hospital of Qingdao Medical College.

▪ Keyword : anthropometry derived adiposity, abdominal circumference, Sri Lankan neonate, birth anthropometry, abdominal adiposity at birth

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Adiposity at birth is a predictor of childhood obesity. Abdominal circumfer-ence (AC) at birth has been shown to correlate well with visceral adipose tissue and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adiposity differs according to ethnicity and geography. The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometry derived adiposity phenotype in neonates from Colombo, Sri Lanka and compare it with global data. Methods and Study Design: Birth anthropometry was performed within 12-24 hours by the same investigator as part of a prospective cohort study on healthy term babies, at a tertiary care hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2015-2019.

▪ Keyword : vitamin A, vitamin D, deficiency, neonate, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and the associated factors in hospitalized neonates in Xi’an, China. Methods and Study Design: A total of 524 hos-pitalized neonates were collected in this study. Serum vitamin A and D concentrations were detected in neo-nates within two weeks of birth. Results: Serum vitamin A and D concentrations of hospitalized neonates were 0.55±0.21 μmol/L and 42.0±20.6 nmol/L, respectively. They were greater in full-term neonates than in preterm neonates, greater in rural neonates than in urban, and greater in single than in twin (all p<0.001).

▪ Keyword : lung cancer, malnutrition, diagnostic test evaluation, Bayesian latent class model, GLIM criteria

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There are no consensus criteria for malnutrition diagnosis in clinical settings, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were developed to facilitate global compari-sons of malnutrition prevalence, interventions and outcomes. Validation to assess usefulness in clinical prac-tice is essential, however, the imperfect nature of reference standards used in concurrent validation may re-sult in biased estimates of diagnostic accuracy. The Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) can assess the diag-nostic performance when a “gold standard” is absent. This study’s objective was to assess the diagnostic per-formance of the GLIM criteria in comparison with the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Patient Generated Subjective Global...

▪ Keyword : peptic ulcer disease, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, obesity, metabolic status

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Peptic ulcer disease is a common digestive system disease. However, whether peptic ulcer disease and obesity are related is unclear. We assessed the associations of obesity and metabolic status with peptic ulcer disease. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3561 individuals from the Wuwei cohort. We evaluated the associations of general and abdominal adiposity, as de-fined by different anthropometric indices, with peptic ulcer disease. Odds ratios and 95% confidence inter-vals were determined through binary logistic regression.

▪ Keyword : dietary inflammatory index, elderly, risk, metabolic health, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic health in the Chinese elderly. Methods and Study Design: A total of 6,730 participants from the “Community-based Cardiovascular and Health Promotion Study” (CoCHPS) cohort were included in this study. The DII scores were acquired using a validated 125-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (ranged −5.84 to 3.90). The correlation of DII with metabolic health indexes was evaluated with logistic regression and multivariable cox regression using SPSS and R software.

▪ Keyword : postmenopause, cardio-metabolic risk, obesity, MEDI-LITE score, mediterranean diet

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate whether cardio-metabolic risk data in obese postmenopausal women are affected by adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 89 pre-obese and obese postmenopausal women (PMW) aged 40-75 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) value ≥25 kg/m2. Demographic characteristics, health status, anthropo-metric measurements, physical activity status, nutritional habits, lipid profile, some biochemical results and cardiovascular risk predictor (CVRP) data were collected by face-to-face interviews.

▪ Keyword : dietary carotenoids, dental fluorosis, superoxide dismutase, cross-sectional study, gene-environment interaction

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Genetic and dietary factors are important contributors to the development of dental fluorosis (DF). This study investigated the association between DF and dietary carotenoids, and ex-plored whether the association was modified by polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dis-mutase 2 (SOD2 rs11968525) in Guizhou, China. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study with a total of 899 adults aged 18-75 years were enrolled in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess dietary habits using a validated 75 item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

▪ Keyword : GC gene, polymorphism, type 2 diabetes, vitamin D binding protein, 25(OH)D3

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that vitamin D may be involved in the patho-genesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Group-specific component (GC) gene is the most important transporter of vitamin D and plays a regulatory role in vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the association of GC gene polymorphisms with T2D susceptibility and vitamin D status in the Chinese rural population. Methods and Study Design: A total of 1372 subjects were eligible in this cross-sectional study. Three SNPs of the GC gene (rs7041, rs4588, and rs2282679) were genotyped by TaqMan probe assays. Logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis were performed to determine the possible risk genotype for T2D and vita-min D metabolite concentrations, respectively.