Volume 32 Issue 4

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sodium (Na) and potassium (K) nutri-tional condition and body compositions in youth aiming to give target population reasonable diet recommen-dations. Methods and Study Design: The cross-sectional study was conducted involving 512 healthy youth aged 18 to 31 years from universities in Beijing. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and bioelectrical im-pedance analyzer (BIA) were used to collect dietary intake information and body compositions.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Macronutrients play a vital role in liver dysfunction and affect tuberculosis treatment and prognosis. However, macronutrients intake was inadequate for most tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to clarify the associations between macronutrients intake or energy percentages and liver dys-function in tuberculosis patients. Methods and Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, 2581 active tu-berculosis patients aged ≥18 years were included from local tuberculosis clinics in Linyi, China. Macronutri-ents intake and energy percentages were assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls. The concentration of alanine transferase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) greater than 40 U/L was defined as liver dysfunction.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Globally, there appears to be an ever-increasing interest in adopting a vegetari-an diet. However, there are concerns that avoiding meat may increase the risk of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies, especially for vulnerable populations, such as adolescent women. The objective of this study was to compare the micronutrient status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent women in New Zealand. Methods and Study Design: Adolescent women aged 15-18 y were recruited from eight locations across New Zealand. Blood samples were analysed for: haemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, zinc, selenium, retinol binding protein, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although excess white sugar intake imposes various health burdens, brown sugar is high in minerals, polyphenols, and polycosanol. However, few epidemiological studies have assessed brown sugar intake for health benefit. People in the Amami islands region, with a relatively high proportion of individuals with longevity, consume brown sugar as a type of refreshment. This cohort study was con-ducted in Amami to clarify the association of brown sugar intake with mortality risk and cancer incidence.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between acute muscle wasting rate and long-term mortality in critically ill trauma. Methods and Study Design: A single-center, retrospective study was con-ducted in critically ill trauma. Patients with Computed Tomography scans including the L3 vertebra within 24 hours and at 1 week after trauma were recruited. Acute muscle wasting rate was defined as the mean percent variation per day of skeletal muscle index in the first week after trauma. Multivariate logistic regression anal-ysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine whether acute muscle wasting rate could help predict hospital malnutrition and 1-year mortality.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Epidemiological studies often use the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to predict the food consumption habits of a target group and subsequently promote healthy eating in the group. In the present study, a version of the FFQ for Malaysian young adults aged 18–24 years was designed and validated. Methods and Study Design: This study comprised development and validation phases. In the de-velopment phase, 129 young adults from a public university in Klang Valley completed a 3-day food record (3DFR), and the data were used to create a food list for the FFQ. Two weeks later, in the validation phase, another 100 participants recruited from the same university completed the 3DFR and a newly developed FFQ for assessing consumption of 38 food items.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The usual recommended intake of vitamin D for healthy infants is 400 interna-tional unit (IU) daily. However, a high dose of vitamin D at 2000-3000 IU daily is needed for those with vit-amin D deficiency (VDD). This study aimed to assess the natural history of a group of healthy infants with VDD and the associated factors for persistent VDD. Methods and Study Design: Healthy infants detected to have VDD (25OHD <25 nmol/L) in a population study were followed, and their demographics and clinical data were collected.

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the associations between a combined healthy lifestyle during the second and third trimesters and offspring anthropometric outcomes in China. Methods and Study Design: We examined these associations among 548 participants from nine community health centers and three hospitals in the North China cohort. A pregnant women’s healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on six lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and gestational weight gain. Anthropometric indicators at birth like birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) were collected, and weight to head circumference ratio (WHC, kg/m), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and Ponderal Index (PI, kg/m3) were cal...

▪ Content : Existing food insecurity instruments are focused largely on the financial constraints associated with acquiring sufficient amounts of food. This narrow focus has resulted in underestimating the true prevalence of food poverty, particularly in high-income countries. Food poverty needs to be defined as capability deprivation, extending from the nutritional to the temporal, spatial, qualitative and affective aspects of eating. In this article, the Alkire-Foster counting approach is evaluated and an alternative method for measuring such multidimensional food poverty is proposed.

▪ Keyword : COPD, elderly patients, low-intensity exercise, whey proteins complex, muscle strength

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous literature mostly has demonstrated the efficacy of pulmonary rehabil-itation (PR) combined with whole nutrition powder in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the benefits of whey protein as an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) during PR are not clear. Methods and Study Design: It took 12 weeks to complete the trial, we divided 90 elderly patients with stable-stage COPD into a low-intensity exercise group (n= 30, PR group), PR plus whey proteins complex group (n= 30, PRWP group), and a control group (n= 30) randomly, and assessed index such as exercise ca-pacity, mental health status, lung function, and body composition.