Issue 2

▪ Keyword : oats, buckwheat, whole grains, pancake, cholesterol

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Whole grains are rich in nutrients and have multiple health benefits, playing an important role in the diet. This study aims to investigate the acute effects of different whole grain pancakes on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects. Methods and Study Design: Twenty eligible healthy subjects (aged 19-24 years) were recruited, with baseline measurements including fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then, the subjects were randomly allocated into four groups: the steamed bun (SB) group (control group), maize pancake (MP) group, buckwheat pancake (BP) group, and oat pancake (OP) group, with a...

▪ Keyword : caloric intake, critical illness, intensive care unit, long-term mortality, nutrition support

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Higher caloric intake may reduce hospital mortality in critically ill patients at high nutritional risk, but the optimal dose for short-term outcomes remains uncertain and evidence on long-term effects is limited. This study evaluated the association between caloric intake and one-year mortality and identified subgroups that may benefit from higher intake. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary medical ICU (2015–2019) including adults receiving mechanical ventilation; ICU stays <48 h were excluded. The exposure was mean caloric intake during ICU days 1–7, defined as total energy from enteral and parenteral routes normalized to body weight. Outcomes included ICU length of stay, ventilator days, and one-year mortali...

▪ Keyword : staple food, Japanese, nutritional adequacy, young woman, nutritional epidemiology

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Traditional Japanese diet comprises staple food, main dish, and side dish (SMS). Studies reporting the association between the frequency of SMS meals consumption and nutritional adequacy remain limited. We aimed to examine the association between the frequency of SMS meals consumption and nutritional adequacy in young Japanese women. Methods and Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, data from 329 female nutrition students aged 18–25 years were analysed. The frequency of SMS meals consumption more than twice a day was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, and dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between SMS meals consumption and likelihood of not meeting the Dietary Goal (...

▪ Keyword : dietary pattern, depressive symptoms, adult, cross-sectional study, restricted cubic spline analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older individuals in China. Methods and Study Design: A total of 2,956 individuals aged 45-74 years were included in the current data analysis, based on a community-based cross-sectional study from Qingdao, China. Data for this study were derived from field surveys conducted from August 2009 to November 2010. Their mean age was 57.2 ± 8.46 years, and 62.4% were women. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Logistic regression ...

▪ Keyword : low haemoglobin level, teenage, weekly iron-folic acid supplementation, supplementation compliance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Weekly iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation has been implemented in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and adherence to weekly IFA supplementation and their associated factors among adolescent girls in senior high schools in two high-stunting-prone areas of Ambon City, Indonesia. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in August–September 2023, involving 645 adolescent girls enrolled at five senior high schools in two high-stunting-prone areas of Ambon City, namely Poka-Rumah Tiga and Laha Village. The dependent variables were anaemia (i.e., haemoglobin level <12 g/dL) and adherence to weekly IFA supplementation (i.e., consumption of one IFA tabl...

▪ Keyword : diabetic microvascular complications, Great Chinese Famine, early life, retrospective cohort, type 2 diabetes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Previous studies have linked famine exposure to the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet its impact on diabetic microvascular complications (DMC) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between early-life famine exposure and the risk of DMC in adulthood among individuals with T2D. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among inpatients with T2D at Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital from June 2014 to June 2022. The 2409 participants were divided into five famine exposure groups based on birth years: no exposure group (1962-1965), fetal period exposure group (1959-1961), early-childhood exposure group (1956-1958), mid-childhood exposure group (1953-1955), and late-chi...

▪ Keyword : fats, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, hyperuricemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Diet is a modifiable factor influencing serum uric acid levels, but evidence on the associations between dietary fat composition and hyperuricemia (HUA) remains limited. This study examined the relationships between the proportion of energy from total fat and specific dietary fatty acids and the risk of HUA among Chinese adults. Methods and Study Design: Data were obtained from adults who participated in at least two follow‑up waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, 2015, and 2018. Associations and dose–response relationships were assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models.

▪ Keyword : myosteatosis, colorectal cancer, inconspicuous obesity, bean protein, animal-derived nutrients

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We assumed the specific dietary components may impact colorectal carcinogenesis via ectopic fat accumulation. Methods and Study Design: The multi-center case-control study analyzed CT-derived body composition parameters and dietary intake in 163 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 144 non-CRC controls. Ectopic fat distribution was characterized by elevated low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) and reduced skeletal muscle density (SMD, myosteatosis). We employed logistic regression to assess diet-body composition-CRC associations, mediation analysis to elucidate ectopic fat's role, and random forest modelling to evaluate variable importance in CRC risk prediction.

▪ Keyword : ischemic stroke, dietary patterns, dietary inflammatory index, risk, case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The dietary inflammatory potential, assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), may influence ischemic stroke (IS) risk, but evidence from high-incidence regions in China remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations among dietary patterns, the DII, and IS in Eastern China. Methods and Study Design: In a hospital-based case-control study in Zhejiang, China, 223 IS patients and 510 age- and sex-matched controls completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. DII scores were calculated, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

▪ Keyword : child nutrition, diet quality, dietary evaluation, weekdays vs weekends, nutrient profiling system

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: In Japan, there are no official dietary guidelines for young children and nutrients may be insufficient on weekends, compared to weekdays at nursery schools. To ensure adequate nutrition, an appropriate dietary evaluation method is required. This study used the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020, which is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, to evaluate the diet quality of Japanese children, examine its validity through associations with nutrient and food group intake, and compare dietary characteristics on weekdays and weekends. Methods and Study Design: The participants were 669 children aged 3 to 5 years attending nursery schools across Japan. Relationships of HEI-2020 scores with nutrient and food group intake, and comparisons between weekdays and...

▪ Keyword : healthy eating index, diet quality, child nutrition, stunting, household food security

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Diet quality is a key determinant of child growth, yet little is known about its role in stunting-prevalent regions of Indonesia. This study assessed diet quality of young children using a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and examined its associations with growth status and household–maternal factors. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 children aged 12–59 months in Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall. The HEI was modified to align with Indonesian dietary guidelines and nutrient adequacy standards. Anthropometry, maternal knowledge, education, and household food security were also measured. Children were classified into ...

▪ Keyword : infant eczema, breast milk, fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut microbiota

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Current evidence on the relationship between breast milk fatty acids and infant eczema is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk and the incidence of infant eczema and its relationship with infant gut microbiota. Methods and Study Design: Twenty-five infants diagnosed with eczema and fifty healthy infants born during the same period were recruited at 1 month postpartum. A follow-up was conducted on healthy infants at 6 months postpartum to determine if any new-onset eczema occurred. Breast milk and infant feces were collected at each interview.

▪ Keyword : non-communicable diseases, diet quality, dietary evaluation, dietary reference intakes, nutrient profiling system

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Globally, efforts are underway to evaluate foods and meals by their nutritional value. In Japan, however, there is no comprehensive system for evaluating overall diet quality. The aim of this study is to use the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020, which is based on the American Dietary Guidelines, to evaluate the diet quality of independent elderly Japanese people to consider appropriate methods for evaluating the Japanese diet. Methods and Study Design: The subjects were 71 individuals aged 60 years or older who participated in a health examination. HEI-2020 was used to evaluate diet quality, with 13 components scored based on intake per energy unit. Associations of HEI-2020 scores with nutrient intake, food group intake, and dietary reference intakes (DRIs) ...

▪ Keyword : older adults, malnutrition, risk factors, geriatric syndromes, nutritional status

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate risk factors of malnutrition and the relationship between malnutrition and other geriatric syndromes in patients presenting to a geriatric outpatient clinic in Turkey. Methods and Study Design: The data of patients aged ≥65 years seen in a university geriatric outpatient clinic between January 2024 and January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and the results of a comprehensive geriatric assessment were noted. The presence of malnutrition in patients was defined according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Long Form.