Volume 17 Supplement 1

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1

Overview and perspective in human nutrition

▪ Author : WC Willett
▪ Keyword : diet, nutrition, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes
▪ Content : For the last decade, the focus of nutritional advice for prevention of chronic disease has been to limit or reduce total fat intake and to consume large amounts of carbohydrate.
2

Human genetics of the metabolic syndrome

▪ Author : LM Chuang
▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, genetic factors, linkage mapping, candidate genes
▪ Content : Genetic studies of metabolic syndrome provide a means to identify key pathways that predispose individuals to various phenotypes of the metabolic diseases and risk factors to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
3

Nutritional risk and metabolic syndrome in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus

▪ Author : WY Kim, JE Kim, YJ Choi, KB Huh
▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nutritional risk factor, cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are rapidly increasing in Asia including Korea.
4

Using DRIs as the basis for dietary guidelines

▪ Author : SP Murphy
▪ Keyword : nutrient standards, dietary guidelines, Dietary Reference Intakes
▪ Content : Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are nutrient standards that may be used to plan nutrient intakes. Thus, they are useful as the basis for formulating dietary guidelines.
5

Revised dietary guidelines for Koreans

▪ Author : YA Jang, HS Lee, BH Kim, Y Lee, HJ Lee, JJ Moon, Ci Kim
▪ Keyword : dietary guidelines, Koreans, revision, dietary goals, dietary action guides
▪ Content : With rapidly changing dietary environment, dietary guidelines for Koreans were revised and relevant action guides were developed.
6

From dietary guidelines to daily food guide: the Taiwanese experience

▪ Author : MS Tzeng
▪ Keyword : dietary guidelines, daily food guides, dietary guidance, food groups
▪ Content : In early 1980’s, the first edition of dietary guidelines for Taiwanese was established by the Department of Health (DOH), Executive Yuan.
7

Practical experience in development and promotion of food-based dietary guidelines in Thailand

▪ Author : PP Sirichakwal, K Sranacharoenpong
▪ Keyword : food-based dietary guidelines, food guide model, development, nutrition flag, Thailand
▪ Content : Although under-nutrition problems have been decreasing in Thailand, non-communicable diseases have become leading causes of death and disability.
8

Developing and implementing dietary guidelines in India

▪ Author : KKrishnaswamy
▪ Keyword : turmeric, dietary guidelines, dietary diversification, human development, nutrition policy
▪ Content : Single nutrients are no solution to the problem of malnutrition. It is essential that food based dietary guidelines (FBDG) are developed and implemented to overcome the diet related diseases and promote health in the population.
9

Putting the pyramid into action: the Healthy Eating Index and Food Quality Score

▪ Author : E Kennedy
▪ Keyword : Diet Quality, Nutrient Density, HEI
▪ Content : Consumption patterns are changing globally. As a result both researchers and policy makers require simple, easy to use measures of diet quality.
10

Dietary pattern analysis for the evaluation of dietary guidelines

▪ Author : WC WIllett, ML McCullough
▪ Keyword : dietary, nutrition, guidelines, pattern, index
▪ Content : Dietary Guidelines for the promotion of overall good health and the prevention of disease often play an important role in setting nutritional policy and in the education of the public about healthy food choices.
11

Dietary patterns using Traditional Chinese Medicine principles in epidemiological studies

▪ Author : MM Lee, JM Shen
▪ Keyword : Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yin/Yang, hot/cold, acid/alkaline, foods, dietary patterns
▪ Content : Dietary intake and nutritional factors have been shown to be associated with many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
12

New nutrition science in practice

▪ Author : ML Wahlqvist
▪ Keyword : Nutritionally-related disorders, eco-systems, eco-nutrition, food systems, integrative nutrition
▪ Content : A number of imperatives require a re-think of science in general and of nutrition science in particular. Nutrition science has never been a body of knowledge in its own right and many other sciences have been nutritional in their orientation. At its best "nutrition science" has been integrative as well as reductionist. It has worked across disciplines.
13

A global overall dietary index: ODI-R revised to emphasize quality over quantity

▪ Author : MS Lee, CJ Lai, FY Yang, HH Su, HL Yu, ML Wahlqvist
▪ Keyword : Food Guides, Dietary Guidelines, Overall Dietary Index (ODI), Overall Dietary Index-Revised (ODI-R)
▪ Content : Incorporating the Healthy Eating Index concept, we have developed a global dietary quality index, the Overall Dietary Index (ODI).
14

Application of agricultural biotechnology to improve food nutrition and healthcare products

▪ Author : SSM Sun
▪ Keyword : agricultural biotechnology, food nutrition, plant bioreactors, healthcare products, transgenic plants
▪ Content : Crop plants provide essential food nutrients to humans and livestock, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins, directly or indirectly.
15

Human health problems associated with current agricultural food production

▪ Author : RV Bhat
▪ Keyword : food toxins, disease outbreaks, foodborne pathogens, agricultural production
▪ Content : Scientific and technological developments in the agricultural sectors in the recent past has resulted in increased food production and at the same time led to certain public health concerns.
16

Global perspective of health related edible plants from the agricultural point of view

▪ Author : YY Lee, CS Tsou, HC Lin, CH Ien, YT Wu
▪ Keyword : edible plants, functional food, global trend, R&D capacity
▪ Content : In knowledge-based economies, nutrition concepts evolve with advances in agriculture.
17

Supplementing iron bioavailability enhanced mung bean

▪ Author : V Purushothaman, M Amirthaveni, SCS Tsou, S Shanmugasundaram
▪ Keyword : Mung bean, Invitro, bio availability, serum iron, serum ferritin
▪ Content : Iron deficiency anaemia is a major public health problem. The high incidence is either due to insufficient intake of iron or poor bio availability.
18

To what extent can food-based approaches improve micronutrient status?

▪ Author : LH Allen
▪ Keyword : micronutrients, animal source foods, plant source foods, food-based strategies
▪ Content : The main dietary sources of micronutrients are animal source foods, fruits, vegetables and legumes.
19

Community based approaches to prevent and control malnutrition

▪ Author : K Tontisirin, L Bhattacharjee
▪ Keyword : community-based approaches, prevention and control, malnutrition
▪ Content : Community based nutrition programmes (CBNP) are increasingly being seen as a key turning point in implementation strategies leading to food and nutrition improvement as a sound basis for socio-economic development.
20

Food-based approaches to combat the double burden among the poor: challenges in the Asian context

▪ Author : GL Khor
▪ Keyword : double burden of malnutrition, food-based approaches, poverty in Asia
▪ Content : Estimates of FAO indicate that 14% of the population worldwide or 864 million in 2002-2004 were undernourished in not having enough food to meet basic daily energy needs.
21

Double burden of malnutrition: the Vietnamese perspective

▪ Author : NC Khan, HH Khoi
▪ Keyword : Vietnam, double burden of malnutrition (DBM), nutritionally-related chronic disease (NRCD) nutrition transition
▪ Content : In addition to the burden of undernutrition, many recent studies in Vietnam demonstrate that overweight/obesity and a number of nutritionally- related chronic diseases (NRCD) (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) are on the rise at an alarming rate.
22

Genotype-dependent response to energy-restricted diets in obese subjects: towards personalized nutrition

▪ Author : JA Martinez, MD Parra, JL Santos, MJ Moreno-Aliaga, A Marti, MA Martínez–González
▪ Keyword : Weight loss, nutrient-gene interaction, obesity, genotype, polymorphism, hypocaloric diets
▪ Content : Obesity is a complex disease, which in many cases appears as a polygenic condition affected by environmental factors (mainly unbalanced dietary patterns and physical inactivity).
23

Nutrigenomics: the cutting edge and Asian perspectives

▪ Author : H Kato
▪ Keyword : nutrigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, food functionality, food safety
▪ Content : One of the two major goals of nutrigenomics is to make full use of genomic information to reveal how genetic variations affect nutrients and other food factors and thereby realize tailor-made nutrition (nutrigenetics).
24

Berries as chemopreventive dietary constituents – a mechanistic approach with the ApcMin/+ mouse

▪ Author : M Mutanen, AM Pajari, E Päivärinta, M Misikangas, J Rajakangas, M Marttinen, S Oikarinen
▪ Keyword : Apc/Min mouse, berries, colon cancer, ellagic acid
▪ Content : Berries contain a number of compounds that are proposed to have anticarcinogenic properties.
25

Dietary regulation of nuclear receptors in obesity-related metabolic syndrome

▪ Author : T Kawada, T Goto, S Hirai, MS Kang, T Uemura, R Yu, N Takahashi
▪ Keyword : obesity, nuclear receptors, metabolic syndrome, adipocytokine, PPARs
▪ Content : In Western culture, excess visceral fat accumulation or obesity has reached epidemic proportions, resulting in metabolic syndrome.
26

The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease

▪ Author : AP Simopoulos
▪ Keyword : omega-6/omega-3 ratio, genetic variation, gene expression, inflammation
▪ Content : A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as is found in today’s Western diets, promotes the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease.
27

The role of nutrition on optimizing peak bone mass

▪ Author : CM Weaver
▪ Keyword : peak bone mass, nutrition, calcium, Vitamin D, salt
▪ Content : The growth years provide an important window of opportunity for building peak bone mass.
28

The resurgence of the importance of vitamin D in bone health

▪ Author : WTK Lee, J Jiang
▪ Keyword : vitamin D, hypovitaminosis D, plasma 25-OHD, dietary reference intake
▪ Content : Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Vitamin D (VitD) have been traditionally established based on plasma 25- OHD concentration sufficient to prevent rickets and osteomalacia.
29

Evaluation of osteoporosis prevention by adlay using a tissue culture model

▪ Author : RS Yang, W Chiang, YS Lu, SH Liu
▪ Keyword : adlay, extract, osteoporosis, tissue culture, ovariectomized rats
▪ Content : Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf ) is a grass crop, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and also as a nourishing food.
30

Effects of two years’ milk supplementation on size-corrected bone mineral density of Chinese girls

▪ Author : K Zhu, H Greenfield, X Du, Q Zhang, G Ma, X Hu, CT Cowell, DR Fraser
▪ Keyword : size-corrected BMD, milk products, calcium, vitamin D, Chinese girls
▪ Content : Much existing data on the effects of calcium or milk products on bone mineral accretion are based on bone mineral content (BMC) or areal bone mineral density (aBMD), neither of which accounts for changing bone size during the growing period.
31

Mind-body interface: the role of n–3 fatty acids in psychoneuroimmunology, somatic presentation, and medical illness comorbidity of depression

▪ Author : KP Su
▪ Keyword : major depressive disorder, depression, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
▪ Content : With the unsatisfaction of monoamine-based pharmacotherapy and the high comorbidity of other medical illness in depression, the serotonin hypothesis seems to fail in approaching the aetiology of depression.
32

Effect of brain DHA levels on cytoskeleton expression

▪ Author : AC Hasio, JJ Chen, WL Chung, HM Su
▪ Keyword : docosahexaenoic acid, fish oil, brain, cytoskeleton, tubulin
▪ Content : Brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3) levels are associated with learning memory performance, but it is not known the mechanism of DHA on enhancing memory effect.
33

Reactive oxygen species induced by diamide inhibit insulin-induced ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

▪ Author : K Mawatari, S Yasui, R Morizumi, A Hamamoto, H Furukawa, K Koyama et al
▪ Keyword : Insulin, potassium channel, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress
▪ Content : Both insulin resistance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to play essential pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular diseases. H
34

Carbohydrates – the good, the bad and the wholegrain

▪ Author : J Brand-Miller, J McMillan-Price, K Steinbeck, I Caterson
▪ Keyword : carbohydrate, glycemic index, protein, weight loss, cardiovascular disease
▪ Content : Weight loss can be achieved by any means of energy restriction, but the challenge is to achieve sustainable weight loss and prevent weight ‘creep’ without increasing the risk of chronic disease.
35

L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state

▪ Author : AC Nobre, A Rao, GN Owen
▪ Keyword : L-theanine, tea, alpha, EEG, attention
▪ Content : Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world after water. Tea is known to be a rich source of flavonoid antioxidants.
36

The role of protein in weight management

▪ Author : M Noakes
▪ Keyword : protein, satiety, diet, weight loss
▪ Content : Several studies have shown that high protein meals and foods are more satiating than high carbohydrate or high fat meals when assessed by subjective ratings of satiety.
37

Childhood obesity in Asian Indians: a burgeoning cause of insulin resistance, diabetes and sub-clinical inflammation

▪ Author : S Bhardwaj, A Misra, L Khurana, S Gulati, P Shah, NK Vikram
▪ Keyword : Childhood obesity, Asian Indians, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation
▪ Content : Recent data indicate a rise in obesity both in children and adolescents in developing countries.
38

Nutrition education: linking research, theory, and practice

▪ Author : IR Contento
▪ Keyword : nutrition education, linking nutrition theory and practice, health promotion
▪ Content : The increase in obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease worldwide reflects the complex interactions of biology, personal behaviour and environment.
39

Theories of nutrition education and promotion in Japan: enactment of the “Food Education Basic Law”

▪ Author : M Adachi
▪ Keyword : Nutrition education and promotion, food and nutrition dynamics, human and food ecology, Food Education Basic Law, food and nutrition environment
▪ Content : The objective of this paper was to identify the necessity of a theory incorporating “a holistic view of food and nutrition dynamics”.
40

n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for optimal function during brain development and ageing

▪ Author : AD Dangour, R Uauy
▪ Keyword : omega-3 fatty acids, brain, development, ageing
▪ Content : We and others have demonstrated that provision of n–3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3 LCPs) in preterm and term babies is associated with retinal electrical responses to light stimuli, and to brain cortex related visual acuity maturation, that are similar to those observed in human milk fed infants.
41

Functional lipids and the prevention of the metabolic syndrome

▪ Author : T Yanagita, K Nagao
▪ Keyword : lipids, function, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, adiponectine
▪ Content : The metabolic syndrome is increasingly prevalent in worldwide. The quality and quantity of dietary lipids could be important modulators associated with the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
42

New bioactive fatty acids

▪ Author : CT Hou
▪ Keyword : oxygenated fatty acids, antimicrobials, anti-plant pathogenic fungi, bioactive fatty acids, biocatalysis
▪ Content : Many oxygenated fatty acids are bioactive compounds. Nocardia cholesterolicum and Flavobacterium DS5 convert oleic acid to 10 hydroxy stearic acid and linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecanoic acid.
43

Seaweed carotenoid, fucoxanthin, as a multi-functional nutrient

▪ Author : H Maeda, T Tsukui, T Sashima, M Hosokawa, K Miyashita
▪ Keyword : fucoxanthin, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, DHA, metabolic-syndrome
▪ Content : Fucoxanthin has a unique structure including an unusual allenic bond and 5, 6-monoepoxide in its molecule.
44

In vitro screening of relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids from foods

▪ Author : ML Failla, T Huo, SK Thakkar
▪ Keyword : carotenoids, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, in vitro digestion, Caco-2 cells
▪ Content : Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments in plant foods that are of particular interest as precursors of vitamin A, a nutrient required for vision, cell differentiation, and the immune system.
45

National food fortification: a dialogue with reference to Asia: balanced advocacy

▪ Author : NW Solomons
▪ Keyword : micronutrient deficiency, staple grains, food fortification, nutrient excess, Asia
▪ Content : The vulnerability of large segments of Asia's population to micronutrient deficiency is more a consequence of cultural evolution and demography than of economic inequities.
46

The antitumor ether lipid edelfosine (ET-18-O-CH3) induces apoptosis in H-ras transformed human breast epithelial cells: by blocking ERK1/2 and p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases as potential targets

▪ Author : HK Na, YJ Surh
▪ Keyword : ET-18-O-CH3, edelfosine, apoptosis, COX-2, MCF10A-ras cells
▪ Content : We previously reported that a novel alkylphospholipid type antitumor agent edelfosine (ET-18-O-CH3 ; 1-Ooctadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine) induced apoptosis in human breast epithelial cells transfected with the H-ras oncogene (MCF10A-ras) which was causally linked to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) up-regulation and production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandins J2 (15d-PGJ2). ET-18-O-CH3 treatment also enhanced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major COX-2 product. I
47

HPV-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis: fatty acid role-players

▪ Author : L Louw, R Seedat, A Claassen
▪ Keyword : Human papilloma virus, recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis, fatty acid role- players
▪ Content : Human papilloma virus-induced recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is considered a troublesome and dangerous disease, because it can cause airway obstruction.
48

Role of trans fatty acids in health and challenges to their reduction in Indian foods

▪ Author : Ghafoorunissa
▪ Keyword : Indian edible oils/foods, hydrogenation, transfatty acids, diabetes, coronary heart disease
▪ Content : Evidence indicates that dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) obtained from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies have implicated TFA in increasing the risk and incidence of diabetes.
49

Metabolism of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in women with dysmenorrhea

▪ Author : CC Wu, MY Huang, R Kapoor, CH Chen, YS Huang
▪ Keyword : arachidonic acid, borage oil, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, prostaglandins
▪ Content : Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is one of the main complaints in clinics for women. The pain is often accompanied by other symptoms such as headache, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, urinary frequency, and vomiting which often leave the patients incapacitated for work or school for a few days.
50

The role of eicosanoids in the brain

▪ Author : D Tassoni, G Kaur, RS Weisinger, AJ Sinclair
▪ Keyword : eicosanoids, docosanoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, brain, arachidonic acid
▪ Content : The brain contains two main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
51

Nutritional and safety assessment of foods and feeds nutritionally improved through biotechnology - case studies by the International Food Biotechnology Committee of ILSI

▪ Author : KC GLenn
▪ Keyword : Golden Rice 2, vitamin A
▪ Content : During the last two decades, the public and private sectors have made substantial research progress internationally toward improving the nutritional value of a wide range of food and feed crops.
52

International development of methods of analysis for the presence of products of modern biotechnology

▪ Author : RC Cantrill
▪ Keyword : biotechnology, methods of analysis, international standards organizations, GMO
▪ Content : Methods of analysis for products of modern biotechnology are required for national and international trade in seeds, grain and food in order to meet the labeling or import/export requirements of different nations and trading blocks.
53

An Asian perspective on GMO and biotechnology issues

▪ Author : PPS Teng
▪ Keyword : GMOs, biotechnology, public acceptance, biosafety, food safety
▪ Content : Of the 102 million hectares that made up the global area of biotech crops in 2006, less than 8% (7.6 million ha) were in Asia.
54

Constantly evolving safety assessment protocols for GM foods

▪ Author : B Sesikeran, S Vasanthi
▪ Keyword : GM foods, safety assessment, protocols, allergenicity, toxicity
▪ Content : The introduction of GM foods has led to the evolution of a food safety assessment paradigm that establishes safety of the GM food relative to its conventional counterpart.
55

Cancer prevention by tea and tea polyphenols

▪ Author : CS Yang, J Ju, G Lu, H Xiao, X Hao, S Sang, JD Lambert
▪ Keyword : Tea, cancer prevention, polyphenols
▪ Content : The inhibition of tumorigenesis by tea extracts and tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in different animal models, including those for cancer of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, bladder, liver, pancrease, prostate, and mammary glands.
56

National food fortification: a dialogue with reference to Asia: policy in evolution

▪ Author : ML Wahlqvist
▪ Keyword : Optimal nutrition, food diversity, criteria, single nutrients, vitamin D
▪ Content : Food fortification generally refers to the addition of micronutrients and other favourably bio-active food compnents to food-stuffs where there are recognised deficiencies in the target population.
57

Anticancer effects of diallyl trisulfide derived from garlic

▪ Author : T Seki, T Hosono, T Hosono-Fukao, K Inada, R Tanaka, J Ogihara, T Ariga
▪ Keyword : diallyl trisulfide, garlic, cancer, tubulin, apoptosis
▪ Content : Alk(en)yl sulfides are characteristic flavor components of garlic. Several lines of epidemiological study indicate that the risk of a certain cancer can be prevented by consumption of garlic.
58

Anti-angiogenic function of tocotrienol

▪ Author : T Miyazawa, A Shibata, K Nakagawa, T Tsuzuki
▪ Keyword : anti-angiogenesis, tocotrienol, vitamin E, HUVEC, PI3K
▪ Content : Angiogenesis means the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular, is of fundamental importance in several pathological states such as tumor growth, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic retinopathy.
59

Inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by dietary components: role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system

▪ Author : JHY Park
▪ Keyword : Conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin D, retinoic acid, n–3 fatty acids, IGF-I receptor
▪ Content : Large bowel cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths from cancer in Western countries, and the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing with the steady increase in life expectancy.
60

Methylglyoxal: its presence and potential scavengers

▪ Author : D Tan, Y Wang, CY Lo, CT Ho
▪ Keyword : reactive carbonyl species, diabetes, tea polyphenols, theaflavins, carbonated beverages
▪ Content : Hyperglycemia is the most important factor for the onset and progress of diabetic complications.
61

Traditional Indian spices and their health significance

▪ Author : K Krishnaswamy
▪ Keyword : turmeric, curcuminoids, precancer, DNA damage, detoxification, tumors
▪ Content : India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants.
62

NF-κB and Nrf2 as potential chemopreventive targets of some anti-inflammatory and antioxidative phytonutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities

▪ Author : YJ Surh
▪ Keyword : chemo-prevention, NF-κB, Nrf2, phytochemicals, signal transduction
▪ Content : Chemoprevention refers to the use of defined non-toxic chemical regimens to inhibit, reverse or retard the process of multi-stage carcinogenesis that involves multiple signal transduction events.
63

Multifunctional effects of green tea catechins on prevention of the metabolic syndrome

▪ Author : I Ikeda
▪ Keyword : epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, visceral fat
▪ Content : Tea catechins reduce serum cholesterol concentrations and suppress postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in experimental animals and humans.
64

Content and distribution of flavonoids among 91 edible plant species

▪ Author : RY Yang, S Lin, G Kuo
▪ Keyword : flavonoid, underutilised vegetables, tropical plants
▪ Content : Flavonoid contents as aglycones (for quercetin, kaempherol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and apigenin) were reported for 115 edible plants (91 species).
65

Cocoa flavanols: measurement, bioavailability and bioactivity

▪ Author : C Kwik-Uribe, RM Bektash
▪ Keyword : cocoa, flavonoids, flavanols, analysis, bioavailability
▪ Content : There has been growing interest in the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with cocoa consumption.
66

Effects of cocoa flavanols on risk factors for cardiovascular disease

▪ Author : JW Erdman Jr, LA Carson, C Kwik-Uribe, EM Evans, RR Allen
▪ Keyword : flavonoids, cocoa, flavanols, cardiovascular, blood pressure
▪ Content : Epidemiologic investigations support the hypothesis that regular consumption of flavonoid-containing foods can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
67

Current calcium recommendations in North America

▪ Author : CM Weaver
▪ Keyword : calcium, recommended intakes, race, adolescents, children
▪ Content : Calcium recommendations in North America set in 1997 were determined as the intake for maximal retention in age groups for which these data were available.
68

Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease

▪ Author : JM Hodgson
▪ Keyword : tea, flavonoids, polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial function
▪ Content : Drinking tea could have a significant impact on public health. Health benefits are believed to be largely due to the presence of high levels of flavonoids.
69

Vegetable flavonoids and cardiovascular disease

▪ Author : J Terao, Y Kawai, K Murota
▪ Keyword : atherosclerosis, quercetin, onion, antioxidative effect, LDL oxidation, aorta tissue
▪ Content : Studies have suggested that dietary flavonoids are helpful in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
70

The issues in assessment and evaluation of diet in Asia

▪ Author : HY Paik
▪ Keyword : diet assessment, diet evaluation, Asian diet, dietary standards, international cooperation
▪ Content : Dietary assessment provides information on what people eat and how well they eat.
71

Limitations and resolutions for dietary assessment of micronutrient intakes

▪ Author : P Winichagoon
▪ Keyword : dietary assessment, micronutrients, Asian diets
▪ Content : Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are present mostly in small amounts, or concentrated in certain foods.
72

Using DRIs for dietary assessment

▪ Author : SP Murphy
▪ Keyword : nutrient standards, dietary assessment, Dietary Reference Intakes, usual intake
▪ Content : Nutrient standards such as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) may be used to assess diets of both individuals and of population groups.
73

Development of nutrient databases for epidemiological studies in Taiwan

▪ Author : LC Lyu, IC Chi, CK Huang, LL Huang, WJ Lee, HC Lu
▪ Keyword : nutrient databases, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recalls, epidemiological study, Taiwan
▪ Content : The nutrient and related databases are essential for calculating intake values in epidemiological studies.
74

Effects of L-carnitine on obesity, diabetes, and as an ergogenic aid

▪ Author : YS Cha
▪ Keyword : L-carnitine, obesity, diabetes, ergogenic aids, animal, human
▪ Content : Data on the functionalities of L-carnitine on obesity, diabetes, and as an ergogenic aid are summarized as follows: Obesity: Total lipid, triglyceride, and total protein increased during the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation.
75

Modification of core body temperature by amino acid administration

▪ Author : I Yamaoko
▪ Keyword : thermoregulation, hypothermia, anaesthesia, heat production
▪ Content : The feeling of warmth after a meal is caused by the ingestion of nutrients and the sensation is known as nutrition-induced thermogenesis or specific dynamic action.
76

An essential role for de novo biosynthesis of L-serine in CNS development

▪ Author : S Furuya
▪ Keyword : 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, human serine deficiency, knockout mouse, brain development
▪ Content : L-Serine plays a versatile role in intermediary metabolism in eukaryotic cells.
77

Health benefits of a natural carotenoid rich oil: a proposed mechanism of protection against ischaemia/ reperfusion injury

▪ Author : J van Rooyen, AJ Esterhuyse, AM Engelbrecht, EF du Toit
▪ Keyword : Anti-oxidant rich oil, carotenoid, tocotrienol, tocopherol, red palm oil, oxidative stress
▪ Content : Numerous studies have reported the protective properties of carotenoid supplementation against skin and eye associated diseases. However, conflicting data concerning the efficacy of β-carotene in the pathogenesis of cancers and cardiovascular disease exist.
78

Calcium requirements for Asian children and adolescents

▪ Author : WTK Lee, J Jiang
▪ Keyword : Calcium, calcium requirements, dietary reference intake, bone mass, children
▪ Content : Calcium is important for bone health. Over the last 15 years, reference calcium intakes in Western countries have been revised upwards for maximizing bone mass at skeletal maturity and for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Some of these reference figures have also been adopted for use in Asian countries.
79

The application of medium-chain fatty acids: edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation

▪ Author : H Takeuchi, S Sekine, K Kojima, T Aoyama
▪ Keyword : medium-chain fatty acids, medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm kernel oil, medium and long-chain triacylglycerols, body fat accumulation
▪ Content : The bulk of fatty acids found in our diets consists of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), which are molecules containing 12 or more carbon atoms.
80

Beneficial effects of soy protein consumption for renal function

▪ Author : JW Anderson
▪ Keyword : soy protein, kidney function, diabetes, nephropathy, prevention
▪ Content : Alterations in dietary protein intake have an important role in prevention and management of several forms of kidney disease.
81

Phytochemical composition of nuts

▪ Author : CYO Chen, JF Blumberg
▪ Keyword : nuts, phytochemicals, chronic disease, nutrition, polyphenols
▪ Content : Observational studies suggest nut consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer
82

The effect of nuts on inflammation

▪ Author : J Salas-Salvadó, P Casas-Agustench, MM Murphy, P López-Uriarte, M Bulló
▪ Keyword : nuts, inflammation, endothelial function, insulin resistance
▪ Content : Inflammation is one of the recognised mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and insulin resistance.
83

The energetics of nut consumption

▪ Author : RD Mattes
▪ Keyword : nuts, energy balance, body weight, dietary compensation, appetite
▪ Content : Nuts are a nutrient-rich food group. Depending on the type, they may provide substantive concentrations of Vitamin E, magnesium, folate, essential fatty acids, fiber and protein to the diet.
84

Nutrition policy in the U.S.: 50 years in review

▪ Author : E Kennedy
▪ Keyword : Nutrition, Interventions, Chronic Disease, Policies
▪ Content : The world of nutrition has changed dramatically over the past 100 years.
85

Nutrition policy in South Korea

▪ Author : HK Park
▪ Keyword : nutrition, government intervention, nutrition policy, South Korea
▪ Content : Since 1970s, the economic and social development in South Korea, as well as dietary pattern, has undergone various changes.
86

Coexistence of micronutrient malnutrition: implication for nutrition policy and programs in Asia

▪ Author : P Winichagoon
▪ Keyword : dietary assessment, micronutrients, Asian diets
▪ Content : Micronutrients (MN) share common metabolic pathways, or work in complementarity.
87

The integration of school nutrition program into health promotion and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in Japan

▪ Author : T Nakamura
▪ Keyword : dietitian, food guide, diet and nutrition teacher, lifestyle-related diseases, Shoku-Iku
▪ Content : After World War II, Japan has imported food from other countries to solve malnutrition, and then dietitians provided nutrition education to people for effective food utilization.
88

Advancing institutional dietetics and school nutrition programs in Korea

▪ Author : TK Kwak, HJ Chang
▪ Keyword : legislation-based nutrition program, institutional dietetics, nutrition teacher, school nutrition
▪ Content : More than 21,000 practicing dietitians are working in the various fields of institutional foodservice settings in Korea.
89

Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Asia

▪ Author : WH Pan, WT Yeh, LC Weng
▪ Keyword : metabolic syndrome, Asian, definition, diet, epidemiology
▪ Content : Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a rising disease entity characterized by a clustering of metabolic conditions.
90

Tawana project-school nutrition program in Pakistan- its success, bottlenecks and lessons learned

▪ Author : SH Badruddin, A Agha, H Peermohamed, G Rafique, KS Khan, G Pappas
▪ Keyword : Pakistan, primary school, rural population, school lunch, nutrition education
▪ Content : Tawana Pakistan Project, a multifaceted pilot project (Sept. 2002 to June 2005) was funded by the Government of Pakistan to address poor nutritional status and school enrolment of primary school age girls.
91

Sharing Singapore’s experience in dietetic practice and school nutrition programmes

▪ Author : YP Lim
▪ Keyword : nutrition therapy, food service, hospital, school, nutrition guidelines
▪ Content : Dietetic practice in Singapore is mainly applied at the clinical settings, such as hospitals. The main scope of practice is in providing medical nutrition therapy to patients in a multidisciplinary team approach at both inpatient and outpatient clinics.
92

Development of nutrition education tool: healthy eating index in Thailand

▪ Author : S Taechangam, U Pinitchun, C Pachotikarn
▪ Keyword : noncommunicable disease, healthy eating index for Thais, diet quality, nutrition education
▪ Content : A healthful diet can reduce major risk factors for chronic diseases.
93

Emerging aspects of dietary glutamate metabolism in the developing gut

▪ Author : DG Burrin, MJ Janeczko, B Stoll
▪ Keyword : neonatal, neurotransmitter, intestinal oxidation, amino acids, monosodium glutamate
▪ Content : Glutamate is a major constituent of dietary protein and is also consumed in many prepared foods as a flavour additive in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG).
94

Physiological role of dietary free glutamate in the food digestion

▪ Author : H Uneyama, AS Gabriel, M Kawai, M Tomoe, K Torii
▪ Keyword : monosodium glutamate, visceral sensation, vagus afferent, gastric digestion
▪ Content : Gustatory and anticipatory cephalic stimuli during a meal yield nutritional information and aid efficient food digestion.
95

Experimental studies of food choices and palatability responses in European subjects exposed to the Umami taste

▪ Author : F Bellisle
▪ Keyword : Umami taste, palatability, sodium, meal size, food preferences
▪ Content : In the Western world, consumers have only recently learned to discriminate the Umami taste, although they have enjoyed its contribution to the palatability of traditional dishes for centuries.
96

Phytochemicals of foods, beverages and fruit vinegars: chemistry and health effects

▪ Author : F Shahidi, J McDonald, A Chandrasekara, Y Zhong
▪ Keyword : vinegar, phenolics, flavonoids, organic acids, health effects
▪ Content : Plant-based foods and food ingredients provide a wide range of phytochemicals and antioxidants that render their beneficial health effects through a number of mechanisms.
97

The Choices programme: a simple, front-of-pack stamp making healthy choices easy

▪ Author : M Dötsch-Klerk, L Jansen
▪ Keyword : nutrient profiling; qualifying criteria, trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, sodium
▪ Content : Some food products fit better within a healthy diet than others, but how can consumers tell?
98

New strategies to overcome cancer cachexia: from molecular mechanisms to the ‘Parallel Pathway’

▪ Author : M Muscaritoli, P Costelli, Z Aversa, A Bonetto, FM Baccino, FR Fanelli
▪ Keyword : Cancer, malnutrition, cachexia, muscle wasting, nutrition, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
▪ Content : Cancer has always a negative impact on nutritional status, weight loss being a common feature in patients with neoplastic diseases.
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