Volume 22 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : oxidants, uric acid, toxicity, supplements, pleiotropic functions

▪ Content : Human ecology requires both oxygen and water with the generation from food of an immediate energy source, ATP, by oxidative phosphorylation. A continuing balance between oxidation and antioxidation is necessary for longer less-disabled lives, taking account of oxidative stresses and the critical roles of oxidants in defence against infection, tissue repair and signalling.

▪ Keyword : dietary glycemic index, adiponectin, type 2 diabetes, food frequency questionnaire, linear regression

▪ Content : Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone has been implicated in the control of blood glucose and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies have evaluated dietary factors on plasma adiponectin levels, especially among type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary glycemic index on plasma adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.

▪ Keyword : vegetarian diet, BMI, lipid, lipoprotein, Chinese

▪ Content : Obesity is related to hyperlipidemia and risk of cardiovascular disease. Health benefits of vegetarian diets have well-documented in the Western countries where both obesity and hyperlipidemia were prevalent. We studied the association between BMI and various lipid/lipoprotein measures, as well as between BMI and predicted coronary heart disease probability in lean, low risk populations in Southern China.

▪ Keyword : body fat percentage, hair mineral content, Japanese, prediction equations, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

▪ Content : Hair mineral analysis using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer as a method of estimating body fat percentage (BF%) was investigated. Body fat percentage of 24 healthy Japanese, aged 20-27 years, was measured using a hand-held impedance analyzer (BF%IMP). X-ray (Kα-ray) intensities of sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, titanium, and iron (Fe) in hair were measured using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.

▪ Keyword : infant feeding practices, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale, breastfeeding duration, perinatal education, Japanese mothers

▪ Content : This study describes Japanese mothers’ knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS). A cross-sectional survey of 1,612 mothers was conducted in Japan in 2007. The participants were recruited at the free health checks conducted for infants at 18 months of age.

▪ Keyword : breastfeeding, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, attitudes, infant feeding, migrants

▪ Content : This study aimed to translate and validate a Chinese (simplified) version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and compare the infant feeding attitudes of Chinese mothers living in Perth Australia and in Chengdu P.R. China. A survey was undertaken on 200 Chinese mothers living in Perth and 1620 mothers living in Chengdu.

▪ Keyword : breastfeeding, low birth weight infants, NICU, interview, complementary feeding

▪ Content : The aim of the present study was to clarify clinical factors in low birth weight infants and their mothers associated with exclusive breastfeeding at both neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge and the start of complementary feeding. One hundred and fifteen low birth weight children and 98 mothers attending the follow-up clinic of two tertiary NICUs in Nara prefecture (Japan), between June and September, 2011, were enrolled.

▪ Keyword : human colostrum, fatty acids, marine fish, rapeseed oil, docosahexaenoic acid

▪ Content : Purpose: To describe the fatty acid composition of human colostrum in three different regions of China. Methods: Women were recruited from river/lake, coastal and inland regions of China during late pregnancy. Their diet frequency was assessed during the 34th week of pregnancy. Colostrum samples were collected between post-partum days 3 and 5.

▪ Keyword : preschool children, body image, body size, caregivers, satisfaction of body size

▪ Content : OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate preschool children’s body size and image, and analyze the impact of the primary caregiver on a child’s body size and awareness in Taiwan. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 699 preschool children and their primary caregivers participated in this study. Our study used ananonymous self-administered questionnaire, which was divided into parts A and part B.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D deficiency, migrant, women’s health, public housing, health promotion

▪ Content : The aims of this study were: 1) to explore the individual perceptions, experience and understandings of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) amongst African migrant women residing in high-rise public housing, 2) to identify the most useful sources of information about VDD among this population, and 3) to document the barriers and enablers to addressing VDD. The Health Belief Model was used to guide the study.

▪ Keyword : essential elements, toxic elements, dietary intake, diet survey, Hanoi

▪ Content : Knowledge of the dietary intake of essential and toxic elements in fast-developing Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam is limited. Iron and Zn deficiency in Asia is a well-known problem and is partly due to rice constituting a major part of the diet. Dietary habits are changing and there is a need to build more knowledge so authorities can give dietary recommendations.

▪ Keyword : diet quality index, construct validity, criterion validity, cancer mortality, dietary assessment

▪ Content : Existing Australian diet quality indices have assumed links to health outcomes but their validity for this has not been reported. We extend the features of existing indices for Australian adults by constructing a new diet quality index (Aussie-DQI) using the national dietary guidelines linked to the Australia National Health Priority Areas. Construct validity was assessed using 24 hour dietary recalls from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (n=10,851 adults aged 19 years and older).

▪ Keyword : food education, dental caries, university students, cross-sectional studies, behavioral science

▪ Content : In Japan, the "Food Education Basic Law" (The Basic Law on Shokuiku, food education) was enacted in 2005. The comprehensive food education programs, namely Shokuiku, aim to improve dietary practices to reduce lifestyle-related diseases. Dental caries is one of the diseases associated with inappropriate dietary habits. Thus, food education may influence the prevalence of dental caries.

▪ Keyword : choline, betaine, reproductive age women, usual intakes, major food contributors

▪ Content : Recently, choline has been associated with neurodevelopment, cognitive function and neural tube defect incidence. However, data on usual intakes are limited, and estimates of dietary intakes of choline and its metabolite betaine, are not available for New Zealanders. The objective of the present study was to determine usual intake and food sources of choline and betaine in a group of New Zealand reproductive age women.

▪ Keyword : food composition table, amino acid, dietary intake, Japanese adults, diet records

▪ Content : Investigations of the association between an individual’s habitual amino acid intake and several types of health outcome require a comprehensive amino acid composition database. The lack of a database of the amino acidcontent of foods routinely consumed makes estimating daily amino acid intake difficult. The aim of this study was to develop an amino acid database for use in epidemiological studies, and to estimate amino acid intake among a Japanese population.

▪ Keyword : gynecological surgery, ileus, nutritional support, parenteral nutrition, urological surgery

▪ Content : Early postoperative nutrition improves outcomes. However, postoperative fasting is a tradition that persists in some areas of surgical practice. This retrospective audit was performed to benchmark current nutrition support practices on a mixed specialty surgical ward in a large tertiary-referral teaching hospital. Thirty-eight consecutive patients, who were undergoing gynaecological or urological surgical procedures between November 2010 and May 2011, had data collected including demographics, nutritional status, details of surgery performed, postoperative complications, modes of nutrition support and time taken to progress to solid oral diet.

▪ Keyword : nutritionDay, malnutrition, food intake, length of hospital stay, nutrition support

▪ Content : Background: NutritionDay is an annual worldwide cross-sectional multicentre audit. This report aimed to describe the results of nutritionDay 2010 in Jinling hospital, providing a map of the prevalence of malnutrition and actual nutrition therapy practice in different units. The risk factors to malnutrition and length of hospital stay were also investigated.

▪ Keyword : egg, vitamin A, supplementation, effects, students

▪ Content : Lack of protein and vitamin A influences the growth of student in impoverished mountain areas. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of egg and vitamin A supplementation on hemoglobin, serum retinol and anthropometric indices of 10-18 years old students of a low socioeconomic status. A total number of 288 students from four boarding schools were randomly selected by using cluster sampling method in Chongqing, and they were assigned into supplement group and control group non-randomly.

▪ Keyword : isoflavone, estradiol, lipids, glucose, postmenopausal women

▪ Content : Isoflavone in soybean and its products have numerous beneficial health effects. A number of clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary soy isoflavone can relieve menopausal symptoms, lower risks of breast cancer, and lower cholesterol and glucose. Among the various effects of isoflavone, the role of cholesterol and glucose reduction seems to be well documented; however, other effects such as reproductive hormones were inconclusive and inconsistent.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, feeding protocol, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, older patients, swallowing difficult

▪ Content : Background: While previous studies have reported that feeding protocols improved clinical outcomes in critical care settings, the evidence supporting the application of feeding protocols in older patients has not yet been assessed. Here, we evaluated the effects of a feeding protocol in older patients fed through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 109 patients aged ≥65 who underwent PEG placement between April 2010 and March 2012 at a single acute care hospital.

▪ Keyword : weight, Generation Y, women, recruitment, intervention

▪ Content : Aim: Limited research in young overweight and obese women indicates that they are difficult to recruit to weight management trials, with attrition higher and weight loss success lower than middle to older age participants. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different recruitment strategies for a clinical weight loss trial in overweight and obese Generation Y women.