Volume 23 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : built environment, neighbourhood, diet, nutrition, review

▪ Content : We reviewed the literature that examines the association between the built environment and diet. The MEDLINE electronic database was searched. Eligible articles must have been published between 2000 and 2013, in the English language, and must have been conducted among a population-based sample of adults older than 18 years of age. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies (over 70%) focused on fruit and vegetable consumption.

▪ Keyword : vitamin K, postmenopausal women, osteoporosis, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, nutrition

▪ Content : Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is an index of vitamin K nutritional status in treatment-naive postmenopausal osteoporotic women. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the association between vitamin K nutritional status and serum ucOC concentrations in postmenopausal osteoporotic women taking bisphosphonates. Eighty-six postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (age range: 47-90 years) initiated bisphosphonate treatment.

▪ Keyword : nutritional deficiency, developing countries, Cambodia, anaemia, vitamin A deficiency

▪ Content : In Cambodia, both anaemia and vitamin A deficiency are serious health problems. Despite this, few comprehensive nutritional surveys have been completed to date. This study evaluates the adequacy of iron and vitamin A intakes, as well as women’s nutritional knowledge in rural Kandal province. Twenty-four hour recalls, pile sort activities, socioeconomic surveys, focus groups, and market surveys were carried out with 67 women from 5 villages in rural Kandal Province.

▪ Keyword : early childhood caries, overnight feeding, breast feeding, sugar, formula milk

▪ Content : Feeding practices during early childhood play an important aetiological role in early childhood caries (ECC). The role of feeding practices in causation of ECC is debated. The objective of this study was to assess the aetiological role of feeding practices on ECC. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at a paediatric unit in Sri Lanka. Two hundred and eighty-five children between 36 to 60 months, admitted to the unit were randomly selected for the study.

▪ Keyword : goitre, iodine, iodised salt, thyroid, urinary iodine excretion

▪ Content : Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Uttarakhand. The present study was conducted in district Nainital, Uttarakhand state with an objective to assess the prevalence of IDD in school age children.

▪ Keyword : infant, nutritional status, dietary assessment, zinc, iron

▪ Content : This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of infants aged 0 to 5 months by different feeding approaches. A cross-sectional study on infant nutrition was performed in eight cities in China. A total of 622 infants from birth to 2 months of age and 456 infants from 3 months to 5 months of age were included in this study.

▪ Keyword : child obesity, management strategy, health promoting school, intersectoral cooperation, healthy foods and exercise

▪ Content : Overweight and obesity prevalence among children is increasing globally. Health promoting school policy has been initiated in Thailand to tackle this problem. The schools that best conduct obesity management programs are rated as diamond level health promoting schools (DLHPS). However, the methods used by these schools and their efficacies have not been well-documented.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes, farmers, lifestyle, physical activity, meal quality

▪ Content : Background: Few studies have examined the risk of type 2 diabetes in various occupational groups. Farmers in Sweden have a low risk of coronary heart disease, but less is known about diabetes. Objective: To analyze the cumulative incidence and relative risk of type 2 diabetes among farmers and referents taking lifestyle factors and components of the metabolic syndrome into account.

▪ Keyword : centenarians, lifestyle, census, longevity, Chongqing

▪ Content : Objective: This study aims to describe the lifestyle of Chinese centenarians and to identify the beneficial factors that are correlated to their longevity. Methods: A census-based survey was conducted among centenarians in Chongqing, Southwest China, to identify the lifestyle factors affecting their health. From screening identification cards, 878 centenarians (age range 100-117, mean 102) were identified and interviewed.

▪ Keyword : appetite, evaluation research, satisfaction survey, food education program, Mini Nutrition Assessment

▪ Content : Objective: To evaluate a 3-week program comprising cooking demonstrations with free food samples in motivating elderly adults to cook more and improve their nutritional status. Design: An experimental pre-post study. Setting: Three districts in Hong Kong. Participants: Sixty aged 59-95 home-living adults. Intervention: Group A (one 1-day food sample given free weekly) and Group B (three 1-day food samples given free weekly).

▪ Keyword : stockpile, food supply, dietitian, feeding facility, Japan

▪ Content : Food stockpiles and methods of ensuring food availability after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 have been studied. Questionnaires were sent to 1911 registered dietitians and general dietitians who were members of the Japan Dietetic Association in August 2012. Four hundred thirty-five dietitians (22.8%) completed the questionnaire about work involved in feeding facilities, types and administration of meals, and food stockpiles.

▪ Keyword : indirect calorimetry, resting energy expenditure, Harris-Benedict, non-protein respiratory quotient, non-esterified fatty acids

▪ Content : Obesity is a risk factor for the onset of liver cancer in patients with cirrhosis. To prevent overfeeding and obesity, estimation of energy requirement is important, but energy expenditure in patients with liver cirrhosis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy intake in patients with cirrhosis and determine adequate energy intake criteria.

▪ Keyword : morbid obesity, abdominal adipose tissue, miR-125a-3p, insulin signalling pathway, insulin resistant

▪ Content : Background: Micro (mi) RNAs have been found to play an important role in the regulation of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. However, associations between miRNA and insulin signalling-related gene expressions in abdominal adipose tissues in obese subjects remain unclear.

▪ Keyword : soy foods, isoflavone, biomarker, dietary intervention, epidemiology

▪ Content : We evaluated urinary isoflavonoid excretion as a biomarker of dietary isoflavone intake during two randomized soy trials (13-24 months) among 256 premenopausal women with a total of 1,385 repeated urine samples. Participants consumed a high-soy diet (2 servings/day) and a low-soy diet (<3 servings/week), completed 7 unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls, and donated repeated urine samples, which were analyzed for isoflavonoid excretion by liquid chromatography methods.

▪ Keyword : diabetes, soluble dietary fibre, gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin

▪ Content : Dietary fibre plays an important role in controlling postprandial glycemic and insulin response in diabetic patients. The intake of dietary fibre has been shown to delay the gastric emptying in healthy subjects. The relationship between gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose in diabetic patients with fibre-load liquids needs to be investigated. To investigate the impact of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) on gastric emptying, postprandial glycemic and insulin response in patients with type 2 diabetes.

▪ Keyword : blood, urine, cadmium, coastal areas, exposure marker

▪ Content : This survey was initiated to examine possible coastal-inland differences in cadmium (Cd) burden in general Korean populations. In total, 268 healthy non-smoking middle-aged women (30 to 49 years; 88 residents in 8 coastal areas and 180 residents in 15 inland areas) participated in the study.

▪ Keyword : obesity, overweight, adolescents, body mass index, parental BMI

▪ Content : Objective: This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index. Methods: A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling.

▪ Keyword : interval exercise, exercise intensity, appetite sensations, nutrient preferences, Liking & Wanting

▪ Content : This study investigated the influence of two different intensities of acute interval exercise on food preferences and appetite sensations in overweight and obese men. Twelve overweight/obese males (age=29.0±4.1 years; BMI=29.1±2.4 kg/m2) completed three exercise sessions: an initial graded exercise test, and two interval cycling sessions: moderate-(MIIT) and high-intensity (HIIT) interval exercise sessions on separate days in a counterbalanced order.

▪ Keyword : Cu, Zn, inflammation, women, elderly

▪ Content : Background: Associations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) serum levels with risk factors for cardiovascular disease(CVD) have not been extensively studied in elderly Asian people. Methods: Relationships to CVD risk factors were examined in 202 freely-living elderly Japanese women. Results: By univariate analysis, log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and non-HDL cholesterol were associated with serum Cu concentrations.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, osteocalcin, weight, postmenopausal women, coronary artery disease

▪ Content : Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis often present atypically in postmenopausal women, making clinical recognition difficult. Prospective studies suggest independent associations between bone mass and vascular calcification through vitamin D deficiency as an established predictor of both conditions. We aimed to examine the relationship between serum osteocalcin and vitamin D status in postmenopausal women with and without angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD).