Volume 24 Issue 3

▪ Keyword : cutoff, HbA1c, diabetes, prediabetes, risk

▪ Content : Objective: To evaluate the cutoff value of HbA1c for predicting diabetes and prediabetes in a Chinese high risk population aged over 45. Methods: A total of 619 people aged over 45 without diabetes were randomly recruited to complete the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire. 208 high-risk individuals (defined by Diabetes Risk Score ≥9) had OGTT and HbA1c determined at the same time.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes mellitus, Taiwan, self-care behaviours, patient education, clinical outcomes

▪ Content : We examined the influences of patients’ background characteristics on the frequency of performing five diabetes self-care behaviours that 185 Taiwanese outpatients reported. All patients had type 2 diabetes diagnosed for more than a year and attended an outpatient clinic at a large university hospital where they had received at least one dietitian-led individual nutrition education session and one nurse-led diabetes education session during the course of their care.

▪ Keyword : grip strength, haemoglobin, height, age, elderly women

▪ Content : Muscle strength declines with age. However, factors that contribute to such declines are not well documented and have not been extensively studied in elderly populations of Asian origin. Correlations of grip strength with a broad range of factors associated with declines in muscle strength were examined in 202 community-living elderly Japanese women.

▪ Keyword : anaemia, haemoglobin, Indonesia, IFLS, Southeast Asia

▪ Content : Objective: To summarize anaemia prevalence data for children, women, and men using data from the second, third and fourth waves of the Indonesia Family Life Surveys (IFLS), which were conducted in 1997/8, 2000, and 2007/8, respectively. Methods: Anaemia prevalence was determined for children 0 to 5 years, 5 to 12 years, 12 to 15 years, non-pregnant women at least 15 years, pregnant women at least 15 years, and men at least 15 years, based on haemoglobin adjusted for altitude and smoking status.

▪ Keyword : flavonoid intake, major food source, adult, major food contributors, national survey

▪ Content : With an effort to investigate possible relationship between flavonoids and health, an accurate estimation of flavanoid intake is valuable. We estimated dietary flavonoid intake and identified the major food sources. Subjects were healthy adults aged ≥19 y (n=11,474) who completed the 24-h dietary recall of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2010-2012).

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, animal origin foods, Australia, adult diets, dietary survey

▪ Content : Objectives: To assess the potential dietary supply of vitamin D to Australian adults by application of new data for Australian primary foods of animal origin. Methods: New published analytical data on the vitamin D contents of Australian primary foods from animal products were obtained and assessed for reliability. Using food consumption data from Australian population dietary surveys for 1995 and 2011-2013, estimates were made of the likely average daily intakes of vitamin D equivalents from these sources by Australian adults.

▪ Keyword : body mass index, all-cause mortality, Chinese, Caucasians, BMI cutpoint

▪ Content : Background: Lower ethnic-specific body mass index (BMI) cutpoints have been proposed for Asians and adapted in some countries. However, to our knowledge, no study has directly compared Asians to other ethnic groups to test differences in associations between BMI and all-cause mortality using common methods. Objectives: We estimated the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in Chinese Asians and Caucasian Americans to determine if lower Asian-specific BMI cutpoints are warranted.

▪ Keyword : high body mass index, survival, esophageal cancer, esophagectomy, pooled quantitative analysis

▪ Content : Objective: To investigate the predictive value of high body mass index (H-BMI) on the survival of patients with esophageal cancer (EC) after curative esophagectomy. Methods: Studies were systematically identified to investigate the relationship between overweight and obese (H-BMI) and clinical outcomes in EC patients treated with curative esophagectomy. Measured clinical (OS). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to tumour type and body mass index (BMI).

▪ Keyword : undercarboxylated osteocalcin, glucose metabolism, diabetes mellitus, bone metabolism, TRACP5

▪ Content : Objective: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) produced from the bone was recently found to play a regulatory role in the insulin and adiponectin secretion. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between ucOC and diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We included 1,870 subjects aged over 50 from participants of a health examination. According to the current medication and past history, 605 subjects had hypertension (HT), 316 had dyslipidemia (DL), and 182 had type 2 DM.

▪ Keyword : iodine fortification, meta-analysis, carry-over effect, meta-regression, covariate meta-analysis

▪ Content : The purpose of this analysis was to combine evidence from parallel and cross-over randomized controlled trials to assess the impact of iodine fortified foods on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in children. A structured search for studies on iodine intervention studies on MEDLINE, Pro Quest, and the Cochrane Library from Jan, 1990 to Dec, 2012 was carried out. Carry-over effect was estimated by general linear model.

▪ Keyword : children, retinol binding protein, transthyretin, zinc, Japanese

▪ Content : Measurement of rapid-turnover proteins has an established place in nutrition assessment and is partly dependent on the zinc metallo-enzymes involved. We investigated the reference values of rapid turnover proteins and zinc in Japanese children. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single center.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, perioperative, nutritional support, meta-analysis, prognosis

▪ Content : Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for complications, mortality, wound healing, length of hospital stay,and costs. Associations between nutritional support and surgical patients remain controversial. Databases, including Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and the Cochrane Library, were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in perioperative malnourished patients. The methodological quality of each included trial was assessed.

▪ Keyword : overweight, children, parents, body mass index, waist circumference

▪ Content : Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between parental body weight and their children’s overweight and obesity in school students in Gao Hang Town, Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in five primary schools in Gao Hang Town, Shanghai. Overall, 2,025 sets of parents and their children (7-13 years, 981 boys/1044 girls) were enrolled.

▪ Keyword : fish, fishermen, heavy metal, neurobehavioural, polychlorinated biphenyl

▪ Content : The aim of this study was to determine the level of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected heavy metals among fishermen via dietary intake of fish and other seafood from the eastern coast along the Straits of Malacca. This study determined the neurobehavioural performances (based on neurobehavioural core test battery scores) of the fishermen and evaluated the correlations between scores of neurobehavioural core test battery and exposure factors. Ninety fishermen participated in the study. T

▪ Keyword : diabetes, public dietitian, diet, nutrition, community

▪ Content : Objective: Diabetes mellitus requires lifelong treatment, most of which is accomplished in family and community settings. The present study was designed to identify the effectiveness of nutrition intervention provided by public dietitian on glycemic control in a community setting in China. Methods: Two communities were selected and randomly assigned to a routine care group (59 subjects) and a public dietitian-led intervention group (58 subjects) who received diabetic nutrition management for one year.

▪ Keyword : barriers, nutrition education, nutrition teacher, school dietitian, South Korea

▪ Content : To improve the nutritional status of children and adolescents, it is critical to identify the barriers to the implementation of nutrition education in schools. We carried out a cross-sectional study by analyzing data from 121 subjects (45 nutrition teachers and 76 school dietitians).

▪ Keyword : nutritional labelling, processed foods, Codex Alimentarius, India, labelling regulation

▪ Content : Background: India is experiencing a nutrition transition with the consumption of processed foods rapidly increasing. Nutrition labels are essential if consumers are to understand the healthiness of these products. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India have recently introduced regulation defining national nutrition labelling requirements and Codex Alimentarius recommends a global standard.

▪ Keyword : gene-by-diet interaction, carbohydrate, lipoprotein lipase, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance

▪ Content : The objective of this study was to test how the genetic polymorphisms located within the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus would modulate the relationship between a diet high in carbohydrate and insulin resistance related traits in metabolic syndrome adults. A one year nutritional intervention study focusing on education to increase dietary intake of whole grain, vegetable and fruit, and to reduce the intake of sodium, simple sugar and dietary fat (especially cooking oil and pork lard) was conducted.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, deterioration, predict, outcome, acute stroke

▪ Content : Objective: Questions exist regarding the causal relationship between malnutrition and stroke outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional status changes or malnutrition during hospitalisation could predict 3-month outcomes in acute stroke patients. Methods: During a 10-month period, patients who suffered their first stroke within 7 days after stroke onset were included in this prospective multi-centre study. The demographic parameters, stroke risk and severity factors, malnutrition risk factors and dysphagia were recorded.

▪ Keyword : medium-chain triglycerides, diet, enteral nutrition, indication, outcome

▪ Content : Objectives: Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are of nutritional interest for their unique properties on ingestion, absorption and metabolism. However, dietary and enteral MCTs usage in hospitalized patients in China requires evaluation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 hospitalized patients who were administered MCTs therapy between January, 2012 and December, 2013 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

▪ Content : Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis patients are at risk of glucose absorption from peritoneal dialysate, not only because of energy imbalance but also the toxic effects of high glucose. The current widely applied formulae may be not suitable for estimation of glucose absorption in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This study examined the actual glucose absorption in a cohort of CAPD patients and compared the results with estimates from four current formulae.

▪ Keyword : homocysteine, vitamin B-12, fish oil, ferritin, C-reactive protein

▪ Content : Objectives: Vitamin B-12 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease blood homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. However, the combined effect of these nutrients on Hcy and ferritin, and C-reactive protein is limited and inconclusive. The objective was to examine the synergistic effect of vitamin B-12 in combination of n-3 PUFA on plasma Hcy, ferritin, and other biochemical markers.

▪ Keyword : β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB), nutritional food, quadriceps muscle strength, total knee arthroplasty (TKA), knee osteoarthritis

▪ Content : Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed in knee osteoarthritis patients is reported to be immediately followed by a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength. We investigated the effects of supplementation with a combination β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) on the postoperative recovery of quadriceps muscle strength in patients after TKA.

▪ Keyword : actinidin, bowel function, constipation, defecation frequency, kiwifruit extract

▪ Content : Objectives: Previous clinical trials have shown bowel function is improved through consumption of whole kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). This study investigated whether encapsulated kiwifruit extract (1 g/day) could alleviate constipation in otherwise healthy adults. Methods: Forty adults with confirmed constipation entered this trial, of which 32 completed with >80% compliance.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes mellitus, Taiwan, self-care behaviours, patient education, dietary adherence

▪ Content : The effects of patient characteristics on reported adherence to dietary self-care behaviours in 184 Taiwanese out-patients 40 years or older with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Patient characteristics included the presence of pre-disposing factors affecting diabetes adherence (knowledge and attitudes about the disease, self-efficacy, and the absence of psychological problems), enabling factors (understanding of diabetes and environmental factors affecting it), and reinforcing factors (presence of medical and social support) which were evaluated using a 72 item self-administered questionnaire with 8 subscales.