Volume 27 Issue 5

▪ Keyword : Alzheimer’s disease, soybean isoflavone, dietary, cognitive impairment, prevention

▪ Content : Soybean isoflavone (SIF) is a type of polyphenol present extensively in legumes. Because of its unique chemical construction and the physiological activity of the phenolic hydroxyl group, SIF exhibits strong antioxidant activity in antioxidant and nonantioxidant enzyme systems. Genistein is the major isoflavone in soy foods, accounting for more than 50% of the isoflavone content.

▪ Keyword : intervention study, diet, exercise, prolonged effects, Japanese adults

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the prolonged effects of a 12-month exercise-plus-diet intervention in Japanese adults at risk of impaired glucose or lipid metabolism. Methods and Study Design: A total of 180 participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=94), and a control group (n=86). An exercise-plus-diet intervention was conducted on the intervention group for 12 months.

▪ Keyword : frailty, nutrition education, customised dishware, Daily Food Guide, multiple dietary components

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The elderly population is increasing rapidly worldwide, and frailty is a common geriatric syndrome. Comprehensive dietary management strategies may have beneficial effects on frailty prevention and reversal. This 3-month single-blind, paralleled, randomized controlled trial compared the effects of micronutrients and/or protein supplements, and a personalised diet on frailty status in elderly individuals. Methods and Study Design: Between 2014 and 2015, 40 prefrail or frail subjects aged ≥65 years were recruited at Miaoli General Hospital, Taiwan.

▪ Keyword : prebiotic, probiotic, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, liver diseases

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Probiotics and prebiotics are considered anti-inflammatory and antioxidative factors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD.

▪ Keyword : sedentary, smoking, dietary, prevalence and influencing factors, metabolic syndrome

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study investigated the updated prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in West China and the influence of diet and behaviour on metabolic syndrome. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2013-2014, and multi-stage stratified clustering sampling was applied in 12 counties of Sichuan province. Data regarding metabolic syndrome and style risk factors were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, and physical measurements were recorded following a standardized protocol.

▪ Keyword : dietary pattern, blood pressure, blood lipid profiles, Japanese, National Health and Nutrition Survey

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese adults based on nationally representative data. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and hypertension or blood lipid profiles among Japanese people. Methods and Study Design: De-identified Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) 2012 data with a total of 8721 subjects (3524 men and 5197 women) aged 40-74 years were used. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA).

▪ Keyword : hemodialysis, lean mass index (LMI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), bone mineral density (BMD), sarcopenia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hemodialysis patients are at risk for bone loss and sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass and limited mobility/function. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia both increase the risk of hospitalization and death in affected individuals. Malnutrition also occurs as a complication of hemodialysis and has been identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In this study, we examined the relationship between osteoporosis, muscle volume, walking ability, and malnutrition in hemodialysis patients.

▪ Keyword : overweight/obese, metabolomics, serum, urine

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Obesity is linked to metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the metabolic disorders of uncomplicated obesity to identify early alterations in biological systems. Methods and Study Design: Metabolic differences between overweight/obese (n=36) and normal-weight (n=35) young Chinese men without known metabolic disorders were assessed.

▪ Keyword : exercise, protein meal, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Indians are more prone to develop diabetes at a younger age, with normal BMI, and this might partly be due to their higher body fat content. Increase in fat mass in the body might be because of the reduction in fat oxidizing capability. Given the fact that Indians consume high carbohydrate diets, effective fat oxidation is likely to be delayed. Simple preventive weight loss strategies like exercise or change in diet regimen are needed to reduce their body fat. This study investigated the effect of exercise with a high protein dinner on overnight thermogenesis and fat oxidation.

▪ Keyword : breastmilk, complementary feeding, infant feeding, micronutrient intake, Guatemala

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The failure of infants in developing countries to meet nutrient intake recommendations is well documented. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional adequacy and identify problem nutrients of the diets of Guatemalan infants with continued breastfeeding. Methods and Study Design: A single previous-day dietary recall was collected from a convenience sample of 94 mothers of infants aged 6-11 mo attending a public health clinic in the urban area of Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.

▪ Keyword : nutrition, complementary foods, breastfeeding, dietary recall, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the dietary patterns and nutritional status of young children living in urban environments in China. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 750 children aged 6 - 35 months living in 5 large cities in China. The survey methodology included a physical examination, blood hemoglobin measurements and a 24 hour dietary recall questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : head and neck cancer, dietetic counselling, malnutrition, nutrition support, radiotherapy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is prevalent amongst people with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy and can result in reduced tolerance to treatment and increased hospital admissions. Current best-practice guidelines recommend weekly dietetic review during radiotherapy and fortnightly review for six weeks following radiotherapy to minimize weight loss. The primary aim of this study was to compare percent weight loss during radiotherapy before and after the implementation of weekly dietetic review. In the post-guideline implementation group we aimed to investigate factors associated with greater weight loss and describe weight changes 4-8 weeks post radiotherapy.

▪ Keyword : nutrition transition, China, adolescents, dietary trends, urbanicity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To examine temporal trends in dietary energy, fat, carbohydrate, protein, sodium and potassium intake of Chinese adolescents aged 12 – 17 years by sex and urbanicity, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods and Study Design: Individual level, consecutive 3 – day 24-hour recalls were analyzed from survey years 1991 (n=504), 2000 (n=665), and 2011 (n=267) from nine provinces representing a range of geography, economic development, and health indicators in China.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, dietary habits, factor analysis, National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japanese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Recent studies have analyzed dietary patterns to assess overall dietary habits, but there have been no studies of dietary patterns among the contemporary Japanese population nationwide. The objective of this study was to identify dietary patterns based on consumption of food items among Japanese adults, and to examine whether these dietary patterns were associated with nutrient intake, demographic characteristics, and lifestyle factors.

▪ Keyword : acne vulgaris, diet, dairy products, chocolate, comprehensive acne severity scale (CASS)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition among adolescents and young adults. Its relationship with the dietary intake is highly debatable and equivocal. This study aimed to identify the association between acne vulgaris and dietary intake among Malaysians. Methods and Study Design: A case-control study was conducted involving 57 acne vulgaris patients and 57 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched controls.

▪ Keyword : adolescent, diet, life habit, menstruation, nutrition surveys

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Menstrual irregularities in adolescents are a concern because they are considered a subjective indicator of poor physical and reproductive health. Menstrual regularity is associated with many genetic and mental health factors, and lifestyle changes can markedly influence an individual’s level of menstrual regularity. Therefore, we investigated associations between lifestyle factors and menstrual irregularities in Korean adolescents by analysing data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2013.

▪ Keyword : Australia, nutrition education, adults, longitudinal, evaluation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess persistence of improvements in nutrition-related attitudes and behaviours 2-4 years after attending an adult nutrition education program (FOODcents). Methods and Study Design: A link to an online survey was sent to 407 past FOODcents participants. The survey replicated items included in previous FOODcents evaluation surveys. In total, 87 responses were received (response rate 21%). Analyses were conducted on matched responses across 3 time points: pre, post, and follow-up.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, 25(OH) D, cancer, chemotherapy, breast cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and muscle function, and cell proliferation. The impact of chemotherapy and associated behavioural changes such as fatigue and sun avoidance on vitamin D (25(OH) D) is unknown. This study aims to evaluate variations in serum vitamin D during chemotherapy and the predictive value of latitude, season and pre-existing vitamin D deficiency. Methods and Study Design: A 12-week prospective cohort study was conducted in chemotherapy-naïve patients in two Australian locations with different sun exposure.

▪ Keyword : fasting, perioperative care, elective surgical procedures, malnutrition, enhanced recovery

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A growing body of evidence indicates traditional perioperative care practices of extended fasting and delayed feeding are outdated and detrimental to patient prognosis. This study aimed to explore associations between perioperative fasting, progression to solids and fasting for symptoms; assessing whether excessive pre-operative fasting results in further fasting post-operatively.

▪ Keyword : enhanced recovery after surgery, preoperative oral carbohydrate, infants, blood glucose, gastric residual

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Pre-operative oral carbohydrate administration (POCA) is an important aspect of enhanced recovery after surgery and has many advantages. The objective of this study was to explore the safety and effect of pre-operative oral carbohydrate administration in infants. Methods and Study Design: This was a prospective, multi-center, randomized study that randomly assigned 1200 infants into four groups.

▪ Keyword : undernutrition, hospitalized children, BMI, Waterlow classification, albumin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There exist many studies in Western countries dealing with pediatric nutritional assessment on admission, but those in Asian countries are comparatively limited. This study aimed at clarifying the prevalence of undernutrition in 3 Japanese pediatric hospitals, especially focusing on their different characteristics.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, hospital, SGA, Viet Nam, prevalence

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of malnutrition in adults in acute care settings. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study among 883 participants from 6 representative general public hospitals was conducted during April and May 2016. Participants were considered malnourished if they were classified using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as malnourished (B or C) or with BMI < 18.5kg/m2.

▪ Keyword : prognostic nutritional index, head and neck cancer, chemoradiotherapy, toxicities, malnutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on treatment-related toxicities and tolerance in patients with advanced head and neck cancers who were undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods and Study Design: We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical characteristic, toxicities and survival of 143 patients with stage III, IVA, and IVB head and neck cancer who were treated with CCRT according to their PNI between 2007 and 2010.

▪ Keyword : HDL subfractions, CHIP, diet, CVD risk, behaviour

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Low HDL concentrations are considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Interventions promoting a low-fat, plant-based eating pattern appear to reduce CVD risk while paradoxically also reducing HDL concentrations. Recent studies show HDL to comprise a range of subfractions, but the role these play in ameliorating the risk of CVD is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterise changes in HDL subfractions in participants where HDL decreased following the CHIP intervention which promotes a low-fat, plant-based diet, with physical activity.