Volume 29 Issue 1

▪ Keyword : climate change, food systems, health systems, risk offsets, Liveability Units

▪ Content : There is benefit, risk and cost in all that we do, but when it comes to food, we expect that it will benefit our health, be available, safe to eat and affordable. But as climate change and demographic shifts through displacement and ageing gather momentum, the emphases on each of benefit, risk and cost will alter. That we are ecological beings whose health and wellbeing are ecosystem-dependent, must now be the underpinning framework for risk management. Loss of natural environment and biodiversity represents reduced nutritional and health resilience, which will need to be factored in to risk assessment and management with climate change. This is proving a problematic risk communication challenge. Previously desirable food and food pattern recommendations will be tempered by ...

▪ Keyword : fungi, mycobiome, regulobiosis, symbionts, human ecobiology

▪ Content : The role of microbiomes in human biology and health are being extensively investigated, yet how the fungal community or mycobiome contributes to an integral microbiome is unclear and probably underestimated. We review the roles of fungi from the perspectives of their functionality in human biology, their cross-kingdom talk with other human microbial organisms, their dependence on diet and their involvement in human health and diseases. We hypothesize that members of the fungal community may interact as necessary symbionts with members of other human microbiome communities, and play a key role in human biology, yet to be ful-ly understood. We propose further that “regulobiosis”, whereby fungi play a regulatory role in human ecobi-ology, is operative in humans as probably obtains in o...

▪ Keyword : sweetened condensed milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, young children, metabolic disorders, health outcomes

▪ Content : This critical review is intended to analyse the existing studies on the consumption patterns of sweetened con-densed milk in the diet of young Indonesian children and its potential nutritional health consequences. Con-sidering its limited nutritional value and high sugar content, sweetened condensed milk (SCM) should not be administered to young children (1-3 years old) with the goal of promoting their growth and development. However, such false practice has been reported in mostly urban studies among the underprivileged popula-tion. Conclusive scientific evidence is also still lacking regarding the health risks of long-term SCM consump-tion by young Indonesian children at early ages, as no study has focused on this specific topic. Nevertheless, inadequate understanding of SCM, its co...

▪ Keyword : thyroglobulin, iodine status, pregnant women, biomarker, thyroid disease

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Thyroglobulin (Tg) is considered a sensitive indicator of iodine status for chil-dren and adults, but its usefulness for pregnant women is unknown. The aim of this study was attempting to explore the relationship between Tg and iodine status and the association between elevated Tg and thyroid diseases. Methods and Study Design: A total of 2163 pregnant women were recruited in this study. The ratio of urine iodine concentration and urine creatinine concentration (UI/Cr) was measured in spot urine samples. Serum thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin were measured. Thyroid nodules and thyroid volume were diag-nosed by ultrasound.

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, trauma, acute acalculous cholecystitis, effect, critically ill

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) often occurs in critically ill patients, es-pecially in those that have experienced trauma, surgery, shock, and prolonged fasting. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality compared to other nutritional support strate-gies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of early enteral nutrition on the incidence of AAC among trauma patients. Methods and Study Design: Multi-strategy nutritional protocol was implemented in the intensive care unit (ICU) in 2016 for early enteral nutrition and proper nutritional support. The trauma-tized critically-ill patients without volitional intake who were admitted to ICU between 2015 and 2017 were included.

▪ Keyword : fasting, gastrointestinal surgery, elective surgery, myocardial injury, reoperation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the influence of prolonged preoperative fasting on prognosis in elective surgery. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective, controlled study involving pa-tients admitted to our surgical intensive care unit who underwent a gastrointestinal operation under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into regular preoperative fasting time (n=57) and prolonged preoperative fasting time (n=73) groups. Clinical data were collected including patients’ demographics, intraoperative and postoperative operation time, volume of blood loss, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, postoperative complications and other factors.

▪ Keyword : anemia, CKD, ferritin, TIBC, transferrin saturation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We performed this study to evaluate serum iron and ferritin concentrations, se-rum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and proportion of overall iron deficiency among patients with non–dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD). Methods and Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 175 adult patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using 51 healthy age–sex-matched Vietnamese adults as the control group. We next examined the prevalence of anemia and determined the serum iron and ferritin concentrations and TIBC.

▪ Keyword : gastrointestinal hemorrhage, nutrition therapy, stroke

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The severity of neurologic impairment is significantly associated with gastroin-testinal (GI) hemorrhage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two nutritional inter-ventions in acute ischemic stroke patients with GI hemorrhage. Methods and Study Design: We retrospec-tively studied consecutive ischemic stroke patients with GI hemorrhage from January 2014 to December 2018. They were stratified into two programs of nutritional therapy after GI hemorrhage: moderate feeding (more than 70% optimal caloric uptake, 50-100 mL/h) and trophic feeding (16-25% of the target energy ex-penditure, 25 kcal/kg per day, 10-30 mL/h) with supplemental parenteral nutrition.

▪ Keyword : flaxseed, lactulose, Chinese, functional constipation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This prospective, randomized, controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of flaxseed supplementation on functional constipation and quality of life in adult men and women in China. Methods and Study Design: 90 subjects with functional constipation diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 50 g/day flaxseed flour with meals (n=60) or 15 mL/day of a lactulose solution on an empty stomach (n=30) every morning for 4 weeks.

▪ Keyword : diet, postprandial glucose, insulin, dinner, meal timing, diabetes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The aims of this study is to explore the acute effect of consuming dinner at different timing on postprandial glucose and hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Study Design: Eight patients (age 70.8±1.9 years, HbA1c 7.6±0.6 %, BMI 23.3±3.2, mean±SD) were randomly as-signed in this crossover study. Patients consumed the test meals of dinner at 18:00 on the first day, and din-ner at 21:00 or divided dinner (vegetable and rice at 18:00 and vegetable and the main dish at 21:00) on the second or third day. Postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acid (FFA), active glucagon-like pep-tide-1 (GLP-1), and active glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentration after dinner were evaluated.

▪ Keyword : knowledge score, attitude score, practice score, frequency of accessing nutrition information, method of accessing nutri-tion information

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To provide a questionnaire, with Shanghai medical interns as respondents, ana-lyzing knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) in relation to clinical nutrition, and to explore factors that could affect KAP scores. Methods and Study Design: The cross- sectional study used 330 interns from Shanghai medical universities responding to general material data questionnaires and KAP questionnaires on clinical nutrition.

▪ Keyword : nutritional support, economic value, parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Multiple studies of the relative economic value of different nutritional support methods for patients with gastrointestinal cancer have provided inconsistent results. Methods and Study De-sign: The PUBMED and EMBASE databases were systematically searched through September 30, 2018to identify latent studies of the benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN), enteral nutrition (EN) or conventional in-tervention (CI) in gastrointestinal cancer patients. A fixed-effects model or random-effects model was ap-plied depending on the heterogeneity of the studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. A total of 728 studies were reviewed, and 21 studies published from 1998 to 2018 were included in the final analysis.

▪ Keyword : appendicular, elderly, nutrition assessment, the regression formula, aging

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To develop and validate the prediction equations for lean body mass (LBM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) using body circumference measurements of community-dwelling adults older than 50 years old. Methods and Study Design: Four hundred and ninety-eight commu-nity-dwelling adults older than 50 years old were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly as-signed to a development group (DG, n=332) and validation group (VG, n=166). Lean body mass and ASM were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry along with the anthropometric parameters.

▪ Keyword : systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, estimated urinary sodium excretion, estimated urinary potassium excretion

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Low sodium and high potassium intake is reported to be a risk of hypertension. However, it is uncertain whether these associations can be generalized to those without hypertension. This study is to evaluate the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) with estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE), estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) and their ratio (Na/K ratio) among hypertensive, normotensive, and hypotensive Chinese individuals. Methods and Study Design: A large institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Chang-sha between August 2017 and November 2018.

▪ Keyword : dairy product, milk, yogurt, obesity, abdominal obesity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Dairy has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity in many epidemiological studies. However, few studies have been fully conducted in China in this respect. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy consumption and prevalence of obesity in an adult Chinese population. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was performed in an adult population of 5598 in northeast China, aged ≥18. Intakes of dairy products were obtained by internet-based dietary questionnaire for the Chinese (IDQC). The associations between total and individual dairy consumption and prevalence of overall and ab-dominal obesity were examined by logistic regression. Sex stratification was performed.

▪ Keyword : adolescents aged 12-14, birth weight, body mass index, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Diabetes prevalence has been increasing overtime in Indonesia along with its complications and morbidities. Diabetes prevention program is still a challenge. Previous study concluded poor intrauterine nutritional status, low birth weight (LBW), and nutrition status early in life were risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the association between both LBW and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with IGT in adolescents. Meth-ods and Study Design: Total of 536 subjects from Tanjungsari Cohort Study were included in this study. Subjects were in their early adolescence age (12-14 years).

▪ Keyword : mineral intake, pregnancy, China, socioeconomic status, women

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to examine the socioeconomic correlates of adherence to minimum mineral intake recommended by the Chinese Dietary Guidelines during each tri-mester of pregnancy among Chinese women. Methods and Study Design: A total of 567 pregnant women with foetal age of 6 – 12 weeks were recruited from nine community health centres and three hospitals. Cross-sectional survey data were collected using structured interviews and questionnaires. Mineral intake was calculated from food consumption reported on 24-hour dietary reviews using the Chinese Food Composition Metrics. Logistic regression models were estimated to assess the relationship between sociodemographic fac-tors and adherence to mineral intake recommendations for each trimest...

▪ Keyword : gestational weight gain, pregnancy, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, Vietnam

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gestational weight gain is known to impact maternal and child health outcomes. Energy intake and energy expenditure are major components of clinical nutrition in rela-tion to weight gain during pregnancy. The study was to determine the association of physical activi-ty and sitting time during pregnancy with gestational weight gain in Vietnamese women. Methods and Study Design: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in Vietnam from 2015 to 2017. A total of 1873 women with a singleton pregnancy were included. Physical activity and sit-ting exposures during pregnancy were determined using an interviewer-administered validated questionnaire.

▪ Keyword : crying, stool consistency, stool color, infant, milk fat, gut comfort

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Chinese infants consuming four different commercially-available infant for-mulas were evaluated on gut comfort and stool consistency parameters. Methods and Study Design: Gut comfort characteristics were evaluated during a 7-day cross-sectional observational study in 409 healthy, term, exclusively formula-fed infants via questionnaires and fecal parameters.

▪ Keyword : dietary diversity, mortality, elderly, oldest old, Cox proportion hazard model

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the association between dietary diversity and all-cause mortality in older adults. Methods and Study Design: 17,949 community-based elderly participants aged ≥65 years in China were included in this cohort study. The baseline consumption frequencies of nine food groups (meat, vegetables, fish, eggs, fruits, legumes, milk, tea, and nuts) were recorded, and the dietary diversity score (0–9) was calculated. Survival status and death date were collected during follow-up. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the association between dietary diversity and all-cause mortality.

▪ Keyword : double burden of malnutrition, undernutrition, obesity, Tibetan, urbanization

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: A previous pilot study revealed stunted children and obese adults in urbanized settled Tibetan communities. A survey with a representative population in selected communities was con-ducted to test the preliminary findings. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study on the nutritional status involving 504 children (244 boys and 260 girls, 5-16 y) and 927 adults (422 men and 505 women, 18-90 y) was conducted in communities, with anthropometric parameters measured. The z-scores for height-for-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ) in children were calculated according to WHO 2007 reference.

▪ Keyword : food liking, dietary quality, young adult

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: An individual’s liking for food maybe associated with food consumption. This study investigates the association between food liking and dietary quality in Australian young adults. Meth-ods and Study Design: Food liking and food frequency data were collected via an online Food Liking Ques-tionnaire (FLQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Food liking scores were calculated for groupings of foods. FFQ Food intake data was used to calculate diet quality using a 13 item Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). The relationship between food liking and DGI was assessed using linear regression models and the difference was assessed using an independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, liver cancer, prospective study, meta-analysis, dose-response analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The association between circulating vitamin D and liver cancer risk has been controversial on the basis of epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate this association with prospective studies. Methods and Study Design: A systematic literature search was imple-mented in PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2019. Using a random-effects model, the multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled for the highest versus lowest category. Trend estimation was conducted with a two-stage dose-response meta-analysis.

▪ Keyword : synergistic associations, leisure-time physical activity, the frequency of milk intake, pathoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the synergistic and individual associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) intensity and the frequency of milk intake in adulthood with newly diagnosed pathoglycemia. Pathoglycemia comprised impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study of 3977 adults was conducted in Mentougou District, Beijing, China. After excluding ineligible individuals or those with missing data, 2977 participants were included in the final analysis. Data on LTPA, milk intake, and other demographic characteristics were obtained through previously designed questionnaires. Newly diagnosed pathoglycemia was determined based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration.

▪ Keyword : food frequency questionnaire, reproducibility, validity, biomarkers, serum lipid

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the reproducibility and construct validity of the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation FFQ (MDRF-FFQ) with biomarkers for its use in epidemiological settings in India. Methods and Study Design: The MDRF-FFQ was administered to 500 participants representing rural and ur-ban areas of 10 Indian states, twice at an interval of 12 months. Reproducibility was assessed using intra cluster correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity of carbohydrate and fat intake was assessed using baseline serum lipids by regression analysis.