Volume 29 Issue 3

▪ Keyword : POC (point-of-care), socioecological beings, food security, ecosystem health disorders (EHD), telehealth, spike protein rapid test

▪ Content : The contributors to and consequences of disordered health are increasingly complex with sociodemographic, ecological, economic and food system change. But there are opportunities for any adversity to be mitigated by advances in the understanding of human, especially nutritional, ecobiology and in its more accessible and affordable evaluation and monitoring. Viral pandemics are on the rise with climate change and loss of ecosystems. They threaten human civilisation and planetary habitability. Human security is dependent on sustainable livelihoods of which food and water systems are a vital part. We are socioecological beings and depend for our health on biodiversity and the food diversity that ensures; and on connectedness and communication, made more difficult in pandemics.

▪ Keyword : lean body mass, malnutrition, inflammation, transthyretin, homocysteine

▪ Content : Lean body mass (LBM) agglomerates the bulk of nitrogen (N)-containing molecules following well-identified age and sex evolutionary patterns best appraised in clinical practice using the serial measurement of plasma transthyretin (TTR). Methionine (Met), the sole essential amino acid bearing a sulfur (S) atom, presides at the initiation of protein synthesis while maintaining stable body tissues S:N molar ratios of approximately 1:14.5. In protein-depleted states, N- and Met-deficiencies operate as limiting factors for LBM protein synthesis and accretion, causing growth retardation and subnormal TTR plasma values.

▪ Keyword : immune-modulating enteral nutrition, standard enteral nutrition, radiochemotherapy, nutritional risk index, head and neck and esophageal cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is frequent in patients with head and neck (HN) and esophageal cancer, aggravated by radiochemotherapy (RCT), and increases morbidity and mortality and treatment toxici-ty. Recent studies suggest that the immune, nutritional, or inflammatory status can be modulated by the use of pharmaconutrients in RCT-treated patients. In this study, the effect of immunonutrition, including arginine, ω-3 fatty acid, and nucleotide enriched diet, on nutritional status in patients with HN or esophageal cancer undergoing RCT was investigated. Methods and Study Design: A retrospective review of 88 patients under-going RCT was conducted. Either an immune-modulating enteral nutrition (IEN) (Impact formula) or a stand-ard enteral nutrition (SEN) (isonitrogenous and ...

▪ Keyword : gastric cancer, ecoimmunonutrition, enteral nutrition, early nutrition support, surgery

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We assessed the effect of enteral ecoimmunonutrition (enteral nutrition involv-ing probiotics and immune nutrients) on gastric cancer in the postoperative period. Methods and Study De-sign: In total, 60 patients with gastric cancer were randomized into an enteral ecoimmunonutrition group or an enteral nutrition group. Information on postoperative complications; hospitalization length; time to first bowel movement and first flatus; and differences between preoperative and postoperative nutritional status, inflammatory reactions, and immune function was collected.

▪ Keyword : visit-to-visit variability, HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, postprandial glycemia, postprandial triglyceridemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Although roles of ABC (HbA1c, blood pressure [BP] and LDL-cholesterol) goal attainment on CVD risk outcomes have been well established, it is less studied whether ABC goal at-tainment associates with ABC variability, non-traditional risk factors. Methods and Study Design: : In-trapersonal mean levels and standard deviation (SD) of HbA1c, BP and LDL-cholesterol, fasting and post-breakfast plasma glucose (PG) and serum triglyceride (TG) during 12 months were calculated in 168 type 2 diabetes patients (aged 62.3 years, 53.6% men). Associations of ABC goal attainment with non-traditional glycemic, BP and lipid risk factors were analyzed.

▪ Keyword : NAFLD, low-carbohydrate diet, metabolism, inflammation, hepatic fatty infiltration

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To study the effects of a low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet and education on patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods and Study Design: We randomly divided 44 pa-tients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease into two groups: low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet and educa-tion (intervention group), and education alone (control group). Liver and kidney function, fasting plasma glu-cose, insulin resistance index, body composition, and controlled attenuation parameter were detected before and after the intervention.

▪ Keyword : diet, tomato juice, vegetable, postprandial glucose, carbohydrate, diabetes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of consuming tomato juice before carbohy-drate on postprandial glucose concentrations in healthy women. Methods and Study Design: In this random-ized controlled cross-over study, 25 healthy women (age 21.6±3.8 years, HbA1c 5.3±0.2 %, mean±SD) con-sumed either 200 g of tomato juice, tomato, or water (control) at 30 min before consuming 200 g of boiled white rice at 9:00 and consumed identical lunch at 13:00 for 3 days. The blood glucose concentrations were measured by self-monitoring blood glucose at 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150, and 210 min pre- and post-breakfast, and at 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, and 180 min pre- and post-lunch.

▪ Keyword : effects, eel biscuits, nutritional intake, hospitalized, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Support from fortified food during hospitalization is an important factor to in-crease nutritional intakes of patients to meet nutritional needs and nutritional status. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of eel biscuits on the nutritional intake of sick children. Methods and Study Design: The study had an experimental post-test design, and included 40 hospitalized children at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, who were selected by consecutive sampling.

▪ Keyword : konjac powder, schizophrenia, inpatient, dyslipidemia, randomized controlled trial

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Konjac powder has the effect of improving blood lipids in the general popula-tion, but there is no research on schizophrenic patients who are susceptible to dyslipidemia. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of konjac powder on blood lipid, glucose levels, body weight, and blood pres-sure in schizophrenia inpatients with dyslipidemia. Methods and Study Design: After a two-week adaptation period, 76 people with schizophrenia were enrolled in a 30-day double-blind randomized controlled trial.

▪ Keyword : dietary pattern, anemia, nutrition, alcohol, menstruation

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The association between diet and macrocytic and hypochromic anemia in young Chinese men and women remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship be-tween dietary pattern and macrocytic and hypochromic microcytic anemia in young Chinese men and women. Methods and Study Design: Some 4,840 first-year students (2,385 men and 2,455 women) were recruited for this study from Qingdao University, China. Biochemical and hematological parameters, and food fre-quency questionnaires were obtained from the subjects. Based on dietary intake, participants were divided in-to three dietary patterns: seafood dietary pattern (SDP), vegan dietary pattern (VDP) and omnivorous dietary pattern (ODP).

▪ Keyword : palm oil, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, lipid levels, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Current guidelines recommend reducing intake of diets rich in saturated fats and replacing it with diets rich in unsaturated fats. Palm oil contains a high amount of saturated fatty acids, but its effect on serum lipids level is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of palm oil consump-tion with other edible oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on serum lipid profiles. Methods and Study Design: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Cen-tral Registry of Controlled Trials and CINAHL.

▪ Keyword : Alzheimer’s disease, apolipoprotein B, cognitive performance, dementia, saturated fatty acids

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: As the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease increases, so does the body of epidemiological and clinical research that suggests a relationship between dietary fatty acids, in par-ticular saturates, and cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated the association between serum apolipo-protein B48 (apoB48), saturated fatty acid intake and consumption behaviour, and cognitive performance, in healthy, older aged Australians. Methods and Study Design: We retrospectively analysed fasted serum apoB48 concentrations, food frequency questionnaire, and cognitive performance data collected from 147 participants (98F|49M) over the age of 50.

▪ Keyword : stunting, maternal, iron, IFA, Indonesia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Indonesia’s community health delivery system offers services such as prenatal care and supplementation. Despite accessibility to these services, compliance with supplementation is low, and childhood stunting rates remain high. To address undernutrition, a National Nutrition Communication Campaign (NNCC) – using interpersonal communication (IPC) strategies – was implemented to promote con-sumption of iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements and iron-rich foods (ATIKA). The purpose of this study was to understand how participation in IPC activities influenced knowledge, attitude/intention, and consumption of IFA supplements and ATIKA among pregnant Indonesian women.

▪ Keyword : very low birth weight infants, fish oil, cholestasis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To examine whether a parenteral mixed lipid emulsion containing fish oil reduces the incidence of cholestasis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g) infants. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University.

▪ Keyword : rapid growth, obesity, blood pressure, children

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate whether the tempo of weight gain of children during infancy (from birth up to two years of age) or childhood (between two and five years old) is associated with metabol-ic and cardiovascular disease. Methods and Study Design: Cluster sampling was employed to obtain a ran-dom sample of preschool children. In total, 1450 children aged five to six years participated in this survey. We obtained data on body weight, height, blood pressure (BP), and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and uric acid, as well as anthropometry at birth and at age 2.

▪ Keyword : vitamin A, distribution, deficiency, children, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cell dif-ferentiation and is essential for child growth. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) contributes significantly to mortal-ity and morbidity in developing countries. This study assessed the current vitamin A status in Chinese chil-dren. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26 provinces in China between 2015 and 2018, and 277,064 children aged 0–14 years were enrolled. Data on sociodemographic factors and dietary supplements were obtained through interviews with their parents.

▪ Keyword : multiple micronutrient–fortified salt, school meals, transferrin receptor, total body iron stores, iron deficiency

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To improve the iron status of school children through noon meals prepared us-ing a multiple micronutrient–fortified salt. Methods and Study Design: Children from a randomly selected school who consumed (intervention) and did not consume (reference) a noon meal prepared using a multiple micronutrient–fortified salt were studied over 1 year. A pre–post-test design for children aged 5–17years in reference (n=100) and intervention (n=128) groups was used. Levels of serum ferritin, soluble transferrin re-ceptor (sTfR), alpha glycoprotein (AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed at baseline and at 1 year. In a subsample, urinary iodine was assessed.

▪ Keyword : dietary gangliosides, neurodevelopment, serum gangliosides, food intake, HPLC-MS

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gangliosides (GAs) are important components of neural tissue and cell mem-brane. This study aims to investigate the association between toddlers’ neurodevelopment, dietary GA intake, and serum GA concentration. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing and Xuchang, Henan Province in China. 110 eligible healthy toddlers aged 24–48 months were recruited. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-h dietary recall were used to collect dietary information.

▪ Keyword : H7N9, influenza, iron, ferritin, outcomes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The high mortality rate of H7N9 strain of avian influenza virus (AIV) infected patients has been a major clinical concern. Iron overload increases the susceptibility of host for several kinds of microbial infection. However, the study on patients’ iron and ferritin status associated with clinical out-come of AIV-H7N9 virus infection is poorly understood, and in order to explain the linkage we carried out this study. Methods and Study Design: We retrospectively collected serum from 46 patients infected with H7N9 virus from the hospital in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province of China in 2013.

▪ Keyword : thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, urinary iodine concentrations, Nanjing, thyroglobulin antibody

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The relationship between nutritional status of iodine and thyroid tumor is un-clear. We investigated the association between urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function in patients with papillary thyroid cancer, benign thyroid tumor and healthy individuals. Methods and Study Design: We compared the biomarkers of thyroid function and urinary iodine concentration within and between each group. A regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer. Correlation analy-sis was performed to determine whether any significant correlation exists between urinary iodine concentra-tion and thyroid function biomarkers.

▪ Keyword : hyperuricemia, gout, dietary fiber, vitamin C, alcohol, hypertension

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The association of dietary and nutritional factors with hyperuricemia and gout is well-known in Western populations. The present study aimed to examine the association of dietary and nu-tritional factors with hyperuricemia among Korean adults. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 10,175 participants from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur-vey 2016-2017. Dietary information was collected using a single 24-hour recall method, and nutritional in-formation was derived from the 9th Korean Food Composition Table.

▪ Keyword : thyroid ultrasound, epidemiology, independent risk factor, urine iodine, universal salt iodization

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: The prevalence of adult thyroid structural abnormalities has increased signifi-cantly worldwide. However, no study has examined the thyroid structure and urine iodine levels of adults in Heilongjiang Province in the last decade. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the rate and risk factors of thyroid structural abnormalities among the residents of this province. Methods and Study Design: A proba-bility proportional sampling method was used, and a total of 3,645 individuals in Heilongjiang Province were included.

▪ Keyword : dietary diversity, physical activity level, lipid-related indices, Beijingers, cross-sectional study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To examine the association of dietary diversity and physical activity with lipid-related indices in a Beijing population. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 21,472 participants (72.3% men) aged 16 to 78 years. Data were obtained through a physical examination that included anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and questionnaires. The dietary diversity score (0-8) was calculated according to the baseline consumption frequencies of eight food groups (cereals, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs, fish, dairy, and legumes).

▪ Keyword : iron insufficiency, hepcidin, inflammation, diet, ethnicity

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Iron deficiency is prevalent in New Zealand, with low dietary haem intake and blood loss previously identified as risk factors. However, the influence of the hormone hepcidin on iron sta-tus has not been investigated. Methods and Study Design: Females (n=170) aged 18-45 residing in Auckland participated in a cross-sectional study. Iron status and inflammation were assessed with serum biomarkers in-cluding; serum ferritin, haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, hepcidin, C-reactive protein and interleu-kin-6. Lifestyle factors were assessed using a series of validated questionnaires, including an iron food fre-quency questionnaire. Potential determinants of serum ferritin were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.

▪ Keyword : vitamin D, insulin resistance, sarcopenia, meta-analysis, muscle

▪ Content : There are many studies investigating nutritional factors that affect both sarcopenia and muscle formation. According to extensive research, protein has an essential role in muscle formation. More recently, vitamin D has emerged as an important factor that regulates muscle metabolism. However, studies and research of asso-ciation between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and components of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in older are limited. Nineteen studies were found through a search of elec-tronic databases and were subjected to a meta-analysis to investigate the differences in serum levels of 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR between patients with controls and sarcopenia.

▪ Keyword : ulcerative colitis, vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, gene polymorphisms, Han Chinese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis, and polymorphism in the gene encoding the vitamin D binding protein can affect the characteristics of vitamin D binding protein, thus affecting the level and function of vitamin D in vivo. Previous studies have rarely re-ported on the potential relationship between vitamin D binding protein polymorphisms and ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study is to investigate the associations between genetic variants in vitamin D binding protein genes and ulcerative colitis susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.