Volume 31 Issue 4

▪ Keyword : breast milk fatty acids, maternal diet, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA, AA, n6/n3 PUFA ratio

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This narrative review aims to provide recent understanding of the implications of maternal diet on fatty acid composition of breast milk, with focus on the docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid 20:4n-6 (AA) contents, for fetal growth and development. Breast milk n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio will also be highlighted in relations to maternal lipid intake. Meth-ods and Study Design: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications in English fo-cusing on but not limited to the use of the key words stated below.

▪ Keyword : lipid accumulation product, hypertension with hyperuricemia, the China Health and Nutrition Survey

▪ Content : product (LAP) and hypertension or hyperuricemia. However, the association between LAP and hypertension with hyperuricemia (HWH) is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between LAP and HWH. Methods and Study Design: A total of 7897 participants aged 18 to 75 years from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included in this study. General linear regression models were built to assess the association of LAP with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and uric acid (UA) concentrations.

▪ Keyword : Centenarians, nutritional status, muscle mass, activities of daily living, related factors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutritional status is presumed essential for healthy longevity. The city of Ru-gao in Jiangsu province recognized as a long-lived area on the coastal plain of China, with a higher propor-tion of centenarians than Chinese elsewhere or in the world at large. The nutritional status and related factors of centenarians in Rugao, along with muscle mass and activities of daily living (ADL) have been documented with a view to improved nutritional and health approaches to healthy ageing. Methods and Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rugao from April 2020 to December 2020. 116 local centenarians agreed to participate in the study. Nutritional status was evaluated by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), and ADL was assessed by the B...

▪ Keyword : guidelines, nutritional assessment, perioperative nutrition, NSQIP-P analysis, SDGs

▪ Content : Perioperative nutritional support reduces the healthcare burden of pediatric malnutrition and its risk. Strategic preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic nutritional management guidelines are now available for their optimi-zation. The global needs for pediatric surgery are vast, amounting to millions of children and adolescents, with a corresponding workforce requirement, especially in less socioeconomically developed regions, and where malnutrition is endemic. Acute and elective surgery from neonate to adolescent, for congenital to in-fective, neoplastic and traumatic conditions, are involved. To identify, highlight and critique current periop-erative pediatric nutrition guidelines with regard to availability, utility, affordability and accuracy.

▪ Keyword : chlorogenic acid, acyl quinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, specific proposed level, tolerable upper intake level

▪ Content : Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is widely present in plant foods and has attracted much attention due to biological activities such as those which are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. It plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The estimated dietary intake of CGA is 5 to 1000 mg/d. Based on the data from population intervention studies, daily oral doses of CGA at 13.5mg to 1200 mg can reduce fasting blood glu-cose (FBG), improve glucose tolerance, enable weight loss /prevent weight gain, and improve blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Daily intake of 200 mg or more may reduce FBG, with a dose-effect relationship in the range 13.5-500 mg/d. Theref...

▪ Keyword : indirect calorimetry, multiple trauma, energy metabolism, nutritional requirements, precision medicine

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It is often difficult to assess the nutritional requirements of severely injured pa-tients. In this study, we aimed to determine whether various nutritional assessment formulas are accurate at assessing the nutritional requirements of trauma patients. Methods and Study Design: We recruited trauma patients who were admitted to a trauma centre in 2018 and were identified as being at high risk for malnutri-tion. Energy expenditure was calculated using commonly used prediction equations, and the results were compared to resting energy expenditures measured using indirect calorimetry.

▪ Keyword : phase angle, prognostic role, diabetic, hemodialysis patient, heart failure

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Bioelectrical-impedance analysis (BIA) is frequently used to estimate dry weight in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the clinical prognostic significance of BIA indicators is un-clear. As a nutritional index, low phase angle (PA) might be an independent risk factor for predicting death in multiple chronic diseases. We performed this study to find relative influence factors of PA and other clinical prognostic significance. Methods and Study Design: The study involved 87 HD patients, 33 of whom were diabetic and 54 of whom were not. We measured body composition index, body water index and nutritional indicators and collected biochemical criteria.

▪ Keyword : colorectal cancer, intra-abdominal infection, LWR, L3MI, L3FI

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate independent risk factors for intra-abdominal infection and to construct a nomogram to identify colorectal patients at a high risk of intra-abdominal infec-tion. Methods and Study Design: Clinical data of patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative intra-abdominal infection. Clinicopathological indicators, intraopera-tive conditions, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, logistic regression was used to look for independent risk factors for intra-abdominal infection, and a nomogram was construct-ed based on independent risk factors

▪ Keyword : lung transplantation, clinical outcome, malnutrition, hypoalbuminemia, preoperative anemia

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Nutritional status greatly impacts the clinical outcome of the patients receiving lung transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional status on the clinical outcome in lung transplant recipients. Methods and Study Design: A single-center retrospective study was conducted including 73 patients received lung transplantation from December 2015 to April 2022 in the Af-filiated Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Data were collected from the hospital information system.

▪ Keyword : intermittent fasting, metabolic syndrome, biomarkers, meta-analysis, evidence synthesis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Evidence showed that intermittent fasting may have beneficial effects on met-abolic syndrome. However, the results are controversial and indefinite. This study intends to investigate and assess the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syn-drome. Methods and Study Design: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to July 31, 2022. Primary outcomes included body mass index, fat mass, fat free mass, body weight, blood pressure, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profiles.

▪ Keyword : dietary pattern, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, Chinese

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To identify the main dietary patterns of adults and investigate the cross-sectional associations of these dietary patterns with prediabetes and undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes melli-tus (DM) in Qingdao, China. Methods and Study Design: This study included 4,457 participants who were administered the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis (PCA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the as-sociations of each pattern with the risks of prediabetes and undiagnosed or diagnosed DM.

▪ Keyword : body image, micronutrients, nutrient intake, pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body weight

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Perception of body weight often affects dietary intake and biological nutrient concentrations. However, the association during pregnancy has not been clarified. This study examined the association of the perceived pre-pregnancy body weight with nutrient intake and circulating nutrient concen-trations during pregnancy. Methods and Study Design: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a univer-sity hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from 2010 to 2014. Nutrient intake was assessed using a diet history question-naire. The circulating concentrations of some nutrients were measured.

▪ Keyword : skipping breakfast, dietary intake, primary school children, guardian, Japan

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Regular breakfast consumption is widely considered an important component of healthy dietary habits. In this study, we assessed differences in nutrient/food intake between breakfast consumers and skippers. We also investigated behavioural factors related with breakfast skipping utilizing da-ta collected from both children and their guardians. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 public primary schools in Japan. Two questionnaires were distributed: a behavioural questionnaire and a brief-type, self-administered diet history questionnaire. In total, 1816 child (10-12 y/o)-guardian dyads were included in the analysis.

▪ Keyword : child undernutrition, hidden hunger, South Asia, stunting, wasting

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: South Asia hosts the largest proportion of undernourished children in the world. Hidden hunger and undernutrition continue to be a major global health concern in the region. A systematic review looking at factors and drivers for hidden hunger and child undernutrition was undertaken. Methods and Study Design: This review was conducted using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic re-views and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Five computerized databases were searched: CINAHL, EMBASE, Pub-Med, PsycINFO and Scopus, in addition to various grey literature sources.

▪ Keyword : children, urban-poor, nutrition, physical activity, health-related quality of life

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that indi-cated an individual’s holistic health, whereby the urban-poor community are susceptible to low HRQoL due to their high vulnerability. This study aimed to determine factors that predicted the HRQoL among the urban-poor school-aged children. Methods and Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study and a total of 408 primary school-aged children (male: 72.3%; female: 27.7%), with a mean age of 9.68 ± 1.48 years, were re-cruited from 10 urban-poor flats through cluster sampling at the central region of Malaysia.

▪ Keyword : Vitamin A status, Vitamin A deficiency, hematological indices, preschool children, China

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Vitamin A is vital for the growth and health of children. This study aimed to estimate the current vitamin A status and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among preschool children and explore the correlation between serum vitamin A concentration and changes in hematological parameters. Methods and Study Design: The study included 697 children aged 1-6 years, presenting for rou-tine checkups at the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, from April 2017 to December 2020.

▪ Keyword : hypophosphatemia, phosphorous metabolism disorders, iatrogenic disease, intensive care unit, phosphorus

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the iatrogenic risk factors for hypophosphatemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods and Study Design: A total of 120 patients were enrolled and further divid-ed into 4 groups, namely normal, mild, moderate or severe, according to the degree of hypophosphatemia. A number of related factors were analyzed and compared among the 4 groups, including the treatment method and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to identify and confirm the risk factors associated with the occurrence of hypophosphatemia.

▪ Keyword : prediabetes, 25(OH)D, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, heart rate variability, diabetes

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cardiac autonomic nerve function. This study explores the correlation between serum vitamin D and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in prediabetes and reveals the protective effect of vitamin D against CAN. Methods and Study Design: In total, 113 patients with prediabetes and definite CAN and 180 with prediabe-tes but without CAN were enrolled on the basis of their standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex test results.

▪ Keyword : dietary B vitamin intake, insulin resistance, joint effect, cross-sectional study, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: In daily life, the intake of dietary nutrients is mixed. However, evidence for the association between mixed dietary B vitamin intake and insulin resistance is limited. In this study, we es-timated the joint effect of intake of various dietary B vitamins on insulin resistance. Methods and Study De-sign: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. We included 1,628 middle-aged and 1,058 older adults without diabetes. Multivariable logistic regres-sion and Bayesian kernel machine regression models were constructed.

▪ Keyword : local vegetables, overall death, cohort study, cabbage, lung cancer

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: There is emerging scientific evidence of the health benefits of traditional food plants at both molecular and folk remedy levels; however, epidemiological observations are limited. The Amami island region of Japan has a variety of unique traditions conserved till today, where a cohort study was conducted in 2005. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between the intake of common and local vegetables and the risk of mortality and cancer incidence in Amami.

▪ Keyword : subjective diet-related quality of life, eating habits, family meals, parents, Japanese adolescents

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Family meals favor adolescent dietary quality and mental health. The aim of this study was to explores the relationships between parental behavior during family meals, and the subjec-tive diet-related quality of life (SDQOL) of Japanese adolescents. Methods and Study Design: Participants comprised 664 second-year junior high school students aged 13-14 years from Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Survey items included sex, age, family structure, parental behavior during mealtimes (frequency of warn-ings/listening to children), frequency of family meals (number of meals taken together), and SDQOL.

▪ Keyword : commentary, Bayesian latent class model, malnutrition, diagnosis, lung cancer patients

▪ Content : Malnutrition is prevalent and has important impact on patient outcomes, but at present, there is still a lack of agreement on its definition and diagnosis methods. Authors compared the malnutrition diagnosis methods in lung cancer patients using the Bayesian latent class model, which could access the diagnostic performance without a “gold standard”. Admittedly, this is a novel and tempting attempt to compare different nutritional assessment methods under the circumstances that there is no recognized method to diagnose malnutri-tion

▪ Keyword : response to commentary, Bayesian latent class model, comparative analysis, lung cancer patients

▪ Content : A two-step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis was recommended by the GLIM consensus. The key first step in the evaluation of nutritional status is mal-nutrition risk screening to identify “at risk” status by the use of any validated screening tool, which follow by the second step of assessment for diagnosis and severity grading. The NRS-2002 was recommended by the GLIM consensus as a validated nutritional screen-ing tool.