Issue 3

▪ Keyword : enteral nutrition, nutritional support, pneumonia, critical illness, systematic review

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Gastric tube feeding and postpyloric tube feeding are two common forms of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of gastric tube feeding with that of postpyloric tube feeding in critically ill patients. Methods and Study Design: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible trials from their inception until March 2023. Relative risks (RRs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate categorical and continuous outcomes using the random-effects model.

▪ Keyword : dietary inflammatory index, BMI stratification, gestational diabetes mellitus, meta-analysis, pregnancy

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To systematically investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with a focus on the role of BMI in this relationship. Methods and Study Design: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL Complete, Chinese Periodical Full-text Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China Wanfang Database for rele-vant observational studies published up to August 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed us-ing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore potenti...

▪ Keyword : omega-3 fatty acids, proteinuria, systematic review, meta-analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Proteinuria, a hallmark of renal and systemic disorders, is associated with ad-verse outcomes, especially in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have garnered attention for their cardiovascular benefits and potential therapeutic effects on proteinuria. This sys-tematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on proteinuria levels across various kidney-related conditions.

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes mellitus, network meta-analysis, aging, physical performance, intervention

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to find the optimal intervention available to both control blood glucose and improve physical function in the geriatric population with T2DM. Methods and Study De-sign: A systemic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to assess and rank the compara-tive efficacy of different interventions on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAc1), fasting blood glucose (FBG), muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, lower body muscle strength, and dynamic balance. A total of eight databases were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that the elderly aged more than 60 years or with mean age ≥ 55 years, the minimal duration of the RCT intervention was 6 weeks, and those lacking data about glycemic level and at least one indicato...

▪ Keyword : sepsis, machine learning, deep learning, nutrition support, energy delivery

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aim to establish deep learning models to optimize the individualized energy delivery for septic patients. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a study of adult septic patients in ICU, collecting 47 indicators for 14 days. We filtered out nutrition-related features and divided the data into datasets according to the three metabolic phases proposed by ESPEN: acute early, acute late, and rehabilitation. We then established optimal energy target models for each phase using deep learning and conducted external validation.

▪ Keyword : Glasgow Prognostic Score, inflammatory bowel diseases, length of stay, C-reactive protein, serum albumin

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Both hypoalbuminemia and inflammation were common in patients with in-flammatory bowel diseases (IBD), however, the combination of the two parameters on hospital duration re-mained unknown. Methods and Study Design: This is a retrospective two-centre study performed in two ter-tiary hospitals in Shanghai, China. Serum levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and albumin (ALB) were meas-ured within 2 days of admission. Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), based on CRP and ALB, was calculated as follows: point "0" as CRP <10 mg/L and ALB ≥35 g/L; point "1" as either CRP ≥10 mg/L or ALB <35 g/L; point "2" as CRP ≥10 mg/L and ALB <35 g/L.

▪ Keyword : inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammation, vitamin D

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more likely to be con-firmed with vitamin D deficiency. However, the association between inflammation and vitamin D remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between inflammation and vitamin D in hospitalized patients with IBD. Methods and Study Design: All the participants were recruited from one teaching hospital from June 2018 to October 2022. Inflammation was evaluated by serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), using an immunoturbidimetric method at admission.

▪ Keyword : Mendelian randomization, aging, facial aging, frailty index, SASPs

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Observational research findings have demonstrated correlations between diet and the process of aging. Nevertheless, there remains uncertainty regarding possible disruption caused by confounding variables. To elucidate the connections between diet and aging, we employed the Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods and Study Design: The exposure factor was the daily diet, whereas accel-erated aging was measured through telomere length, facial aging (FA), frailty index (FI), and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), representing the outcome factors. The primary analysis employed IVW analysis, with additional MR-Egger and Weighted Median analyses conducted to assess the reliability of the findings.

▪ Keyword : metabolically unhealthy obesity, association, remnant cholesterol, youth, gender

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Metabolically unhealthy obesity is characterized by the presence of cardiovas-cular metabolic risks such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Research has shown a correla-tion between remnant cholesterol (RC) concentrations and abdominal obesity in children. However, the ef-fect of RC concentration on metabolically unhealthy obesity remains unclear. Methods and Study Design: This study included 3114 Chinese adolescents who received health check-ups. We used logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic analysis to evaluate the correlation between RC concentration and metabolically unhealthy obesity in a cross-sectional design.

▪ Keyword : Hashimoto's thyroiditis, calorie restriction, thyroid antibody, non-hypothyroid symptoms, gut microbiota

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by ab-normal elevation in thyroid peroxidase antibody and/or thyroglobulin antibody. In recent decades, HT dis-ease has become more and more widespread. Patients always report multiple symptoms, even though their thyroid hormone levels are kept in normal ranges. However, no treatment exists to effectively reduce the lev-els of thyroid antibodies. Our study aims to determine whether calorie-restricted diet is helpful in improving health of HT patients. Methods and Study Design: This is a 3-month randomized controlled trial. HT patients will be randomized into a calorie-restricted (CR) group or a calorie-unrestricted control group.

▪ Keyword : dietary intake, calcium, cognitive impairment, China Health and Nutrition Survey, dietary substitution model

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: If the proportion of calcium intake over a whole day is related to the risk of cognitive impairment in adults is still largely unknown. This research aimed to examine the relation of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with the risk of cognitive impairment by using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Methods and Study Design: A total of 2,099 participants (including 668 cognitive impairment) in the CHNS (1997–2006) were included. The participants were categorized into 5 groups in accordance with the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner/breakfast).

▪ Keyword : animal-derived iron, plant-derived iron, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dietary intake, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Current evidence on the association between dietary iron intake and the risk of NAFLD is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of animal-derived dietary iron (ADDI) intake, plant-derived dietary iron (PDDI) intake, and the ratio of PDDI:ADDI with NAFLD risk among U.S. adult population. Methods and Study Design: This was a repeated cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, gestational diabetes mellitus, principal component analysis, geometric framework for nutrition, matched case-control study

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pre-pregnancy six months using principal component analysis (PCA) and the geometric framework for nutrition (GFN). Methods and Study Design: We conducted a case-control study that included 210 GDM pregnant women and 210 controls. The dietary intake of all participants was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

▪ Keyword : type 2 diabetes mellitus, geriatric nutritional risk index, postmenopausal women, osteoporosis, bone mineral density

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and Study Design: A total of 141 postmenopausal elderly women with T2DM was divided into OP and normal bone mineral density (BMD) groups, the differences in GRNI levels between the two groups were compared. According to the tertile levels of GRNI, T2DM were divided into three groups (T1, T2, T3 groups), and the dif-ferences in OP prevalence and levels of BMD among the three groups were compared.

▪ Keyword : frailty, frailty index, food group, physical activity, community-dwelling older people

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Frailty has become a public health challenge in China. To investigate the asso-ciation of foods consumption and physical activity with prefrailty and frailty among older Chinese adults in urban communities. Methods and Study Design: In a cross-sectional study from February to July 2023, 1183 older adults aged between 65y-88y were enrolled from urban communities in Chongqing and Shandong province, China. Frailty Index (FI) was applied to measure prefrailty and frailty. Partial proportional odds model was used to assess the association between foods consumption, physical activity and prefrailty/frailty.