Volume 30 Issue 2

▪ Keyword : frailty, malnutrition, Edmonton Frail Scale, Malnutrition Universal Screening tool, frailty predictors

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Frailty and malnutrition are overlapping geriatric syndromes and leads to poor clinical outcomes in older patients. This study determined whether Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) can predict frailty in older hospitalised patients. Methods and Study Design: This prospective study recruited 243 patients ≥65 years in a tertiary-teaching hospital in Australia. Frailty assessment was performed by use of the Edmonton-Frail-Scale (EFS), while malnutrition-risk was determined by use of the MUST. Pa-tients with an EFS score >8 were classified as frail, while patients with a MUST score of 1 as at moderate malnutrition-risk and ≥2 as at high malnutrition-risk. Multivariable logistic regression determined whether malnutrition-risk predicts frailty after a...

▪ Keyword : thyroid cancer, iodized salt consumption, iodized salt, polynomial distributed lag model

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation between population-based iodine intake from iodized salt (iodine-IS) and thyroid cancer (TC) incidence. Methods and Study Design: The TC incidence data were collected from the annual reports issued by China’s National Central Cancer Registry. The iodine-IS data were extracted from the National Iodized Salt Surveys and National IDD Surveys (NIDDs). The time lag effect of iodine-IS on TC incidence was examined by using a polynomial distributed lag (PDL) model.

▪ Keyword : heart failure, Mendelian randomization, modifiable factors, incidence, mortality

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Observational studies have associated lifestyle, dietary, adiposity, biochemical and clinical measures with heart failure. Whether the associations are causal remains unclear. We aimed to determine the causal associations between modifiable risk factors and incidence or mortality of heart failure. Methods and Study Design: Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as genetic instruments, we con-ducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the causal effects of 27 modifiable risk factors on incident heart failure (2526 cases; 20926 participants) and mortality of heart failure (1798 deaths; 2828 patients).

▪ Keyword : ketogenic diet, compliance, adverse effects, growth, nutrition

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Ketogenic diet (KD), a well-known nonpharmacologic treatment of intractable epilepsy, could adversely affect growth and nutritional status; however, such data are limited in Thailand. This study aimed to assess growth and nutritional status of Thai children treated with KD together with die-tary adherence and its related factors. Methods and Study Design: The records of children treated with KD for more than 1 month between January 2009 to September 2020 were reviewed. Weight, height, and bio-chemical indices were retrieved at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

▪ Keyword : older adults, mild cognitive impairment, factor analysis, dietary pattern, rural areas

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Research has produced inconsistent findings on the association between die-tary patterns and cognitive function. In the present study, we examined the association between dietary pat-terns and cognitive function among rural China’s older adults and aimed to identify major dietary patterns. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 1176 individuals aged 65–85 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis and the Chinese Dietary Balance Index were respectively employed to determine dietary patterns and assess dietary quality.

▪ Keyword : Zuòyuèzi, postpartum diet, women’s health, lactation, postpartum weight retention

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the associations of postpartum dietary quality and behavioral practices with maternal health in Guangzhou China. Methods and Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study among puerperal women in urban and suburban areas in Guangzhou, China (n=2013). Data for postpartum dietary and behavioral practices and health conditions were collected by a standardized questionnaire. Dietary balance index (DBI) was calculated to assess an individual’s dietary quality. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to women’s health.

▪ Keyword : Mendelian randomization, Parkinson’s disease, lifestyle, smoking, vitamin B-12

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To assess the causality of potentially modifiable factors, including lifestyle, nutrients, lipids, anthropometric traits, and inflammatory factors of Parkinson’s disease (PD), genetic instru-ments for modifiable factors were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods and Study Design: Genetic associations for PD (1,239 cases and 451,025 matched controls) were extracted from the UK Biobank GWAS summary statistics. The causal effects of modifiable factors on the risk of PD were estimated using the multiplicative random-effects inverse variance weighted method (IVW).

▪ Keyword : clinical epidemiology, diabetes, poor glycemic control, smoking, tuberculosis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to nearly 3-fold higher risk of pulmonary tuber-culosis (TB), indicating an increasing challenge to public health in low-to-middle income countries. Till now, the risk factor is still uncertain. We carried out this study with the main purpose to identify the risk factors of having TB in DM patients. Methods and Study Design: A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in Qingdao, China from March, 2016 to January, 2018.

▪ Keyword : flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, acute cerebral infarction, dysphagia, hospital stay length,nutritional intervention

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: It is important to evaluate the swallowing function of patients with acute cere-bral infarction. The effects of nutritional intervention after an early assessment by a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) were evaluated. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study in-cluded 274 patients who were hospitalized for acute cerebral infarction and underwent a FEES between 2016 and 2018. The effects of early nutritional intervention after an assessment by a FEES within 48 h from ad-mission were evaluated.

▪ Keyword : essential amino acid, tea catechins, resistance exercise, physical performance, healthy older people

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a 24-week nutritional ingestion program in-volving essential amino acid (AA) and tea catechin (TC) intake after performing resistance exercise in in-creasing the skeletal muscle mass, physical performance, and quality of life of healthy older people. Meth-ods and Study Design: An open-label randomized controlled trial involving 84-healthy older individuals (age ≥65 years) without sarcopenia, diabetes, and kidney disease, was conducted. They were allocated to the ex-ercise (n=28), exercise and essential AA ingestion (n=28), and exercise, essential AA, and TC ingestion groups (n=28).

▪ Keyword : dental caries, yogurt, cheese, children, adolescents

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To date, few studies have comprehensively explored the associations between milk and dairy product intake and dental caries. Therefore, this study aimed to simultaneously assess the as-sociations between whole milk, low-fat milk, skim milk, yogurt, milk desserts, cheese, creams, and total fluid milk intake and the risk of dental caries in children and adolescents. Methods and Study Design: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. Two 24-hour dietary re-call interviews measured dietary milk and dairy product intake.

▪ Keyword : malnutrition, policy processes, conceptual frameworks, Sustainable Development Goals

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Through Zero Hunger Strategic Reviews, national governments articulate how they can achieve the second Sustainable Development Goal targets of zero hunger and zero malnutrition by 2030. To suggest how such strategic reviews might accelerate progress towards those goals, an in-depth criti-cal assessment was undertaken of Zero Hunger Strategic Reviews carried out between 2015 and 2019 in 13 countries in Asia and the Pacific. The appraisal focused on the conceptual frameworks used to guide the con-tent of the processes and, secondly, on how well those involved understood the factors that drive or block policy change in their respective countries.

▪ Keyword : improved B method, enteral nutrition (EN), sepsis, clinical, control group

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the application of the improved B-ultrasound method (hereafter referred to as B method) for measuring the antral section to evaluate gastric motility in guiding EN for patients with sepsis. Methods and Study Design: In this single-center, non-blinded, random-ized controlled trial, 64 patients with sepsis were randomly enrolled from January 2018 to December 2019. The improved B method (study group) and physicians’ clinical experience (control group) were used to guide EN. The two groups patients were separated randomly both.

▪ Keyword : gastric emptying time, preoperative drinks, underweight, chronic energy deficiency, gastric emptying rate

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To investigate the effects of oral preoperative regimens on gastric emptying time in relation to BMI in Chinese adults. Methods and Study Design: The enrolled 56 adults were divided into three groups (normal-weight, underweight, and overweight) and completed a regimen of two drinks after a 2-week interval. After drinking a carbohydrate regimen (CD, 50 g carbohydrates) or a carbohydrate gluta-mine regimen (CGD, 44 g carbohydrates and 6 g glutamine) labelled with 99mTc-DTPA (99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), gastric emptying times T50 and T90 were measured using a curve de-rived from scintigraphic images.

▪ Keyword : dietary patterns, sarcopenia, Principal Component Analysis

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is implicated as a key modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. As such, a dietary pattern analysis, rather than an analysis of single food items or nutrients, may provide insights into the comprehensive contribution of diet and nutrition to the risk of sarcopenia. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between main dietary patterns and sarcopenia. Methods and Study Design: A total of 591 participants aged over 40 years were included in this cross-sectional study.

▪ Keyword : texture-modified food, food exchange for dysphagia, taste, appearance, dietary nutrition management

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To present a new method of text-modified food management for patients with dysphagia that integrates the idea of food exchange. In addition to prioritizing nutrition in each recipe, the di-et plan emphasizes straightforward preparation methods that balance nutrition and palatability. Methods and Study Design: On the basis of the recommended intake in the Expert Consensus, the design of the texture-modified food incorporates the concept of equivalent food exchange. The plan consists of a staple food, a meat, a vegetable, a snack, and a fruit as the base units, and the volume and nutrient density of each unit is modified to meet the needs of patients with dysphagia.

▪ Keyword : COVID-19, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, mortality, ICU

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and to determine which route of nutrition support is advantageous. Methods and Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted in the ICU of a designated COVID-19 hospital. Patients were divided into an enteral nu-trition (EN) group and parenteral nutrition (PN) group according to the initial route of nutrition support. NRS-2002 and NUTRIC were used to assess nutritional status. Blood nutritional markers such as albumin, total protein and hemoglobin were compared at baseline and seven days later. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality.

▪ Keyword : prefrailty, nutrient intake, Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020), nutritional adequacy, Japanese healthy elderly women

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the association of physical prefrailty with the prevalence of inadequate nutrients among community-dwelling Japanese elderly women. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 120 older women (age range, 65–79 years) at an elders college. Frailty was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS).

▪ Keyword : dietary variety, dietary quality, elderly people, sleep disturbance, sleep quality

▪ Content : Background and Objectives: Sleep disturbance is a common health problem in the elderly population. We examined the association between dietary variety and subjective sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women. Methods and Study Design: This cross-sectional study recruited 160 community-dwelling elderly women aged ≥65 years. Subjective sleep quality and dietary variety were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and dietary variety score (DVS), respectively. DVS was calculated from the eating fre-quency of 10 food groups. Sleep disturbance was defined as PSQI score of ≥6.